PUBH6013: Qualitative Research Proposal: Cancer Awareness in Australia

This report presents a qualitative research proposal focused on cancer awareness within the Australian public. It begins by defining research questions regarding cancer risk factors, the impact of poor awareness, and potential preventative initiatives. The report outlines interview questions designed to gather demographic and objective data. A brief literature review summarizes current research on cancer, highlighting the increasing global burden, risk factors such as lifestyle choices, and the potential of public awareness campaigns. The methodology section details the use of Grounded Theory to collect theoretical data, along with interview methods, sampling strategies, and a personal reflection on the researcher's motivations. The report also considers ethical considerations and references relevant literature to support the research proposal.

Running Head: QUALITATIVE METHOD
QUALITATIVE METHOD

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Table of Contents
Step 1: Qualitative Research Methods for Public Health...........................................................2
Research title..........................................................................................................................2
Research question...................................................................................................................2
Interview questions.................................................................................................................2
Step 2:.........................................................................................................................................3
Brief literature review.............................................................................................................3
Research questions.................................................................................................................4
Knowledge gap.......................................................................................................................4
A summary of the key elements of your chosen methodology (ie grounded theory,
phenomenology, etc)..............................................................................................................5
Interview methods (sampling)................................................................................................5
A personal reflection on your motivation for exploring this research question.....................6
References..................................................................................................................................7

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Step 1: Qualitative Research Methods for Public Health
Research title
To examine the impact of poor awareness about the risk factor of cancer on the public of
Australia
Research question
 What are the risk factors of cancer among the public of Australia
 What is the impact of poor awareness about the risk factor of cancer on the public
 What are the Preventing initiatives for increasing the awareness of Australian towards
risk factors of cancer
Interview questions
Demographic question
Please tick mark on gender
A. Male
B. Female
What is your age?
A. Under 23
B. 24-30
C. 30-34
D. More than 35
What is your employment status?
A. Working
B. Not working
Objectives based questions
 In your opinion, poor awareness about the risk factor of cancer could affect the health
of Australian people?

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 What do you understand by different factors of risk, as it could be associated with the
Cancer?
 What do you understand by the different strategies for improving cancer awareness
among the people of Cancer?
Step 2:
Brief literature review
The global level burden has been increased largely due to a higher number of aging
people and enhancement in cancer-causing attitudes of individuals. From the evaluation of
the Cancer data, it is found that the Cancer issue is increased day by day at the global level.
From the evaluation, it is addressed that cancer has been enhanced by 2% as compared to the
last years as creating quite difficult for the individual to being a healthy atmosphere. It is also
forecasted that the percentage of cancer will be enchased by 75% in the upcoming period
means (Buykx, Gilligan, Ward, Kippen, & Chapman, 2015).
It could be a major issue for the health preventers for preventing Cancer for Australia.
In the current era, it is found that cancers increase 8 million of death that is a major issue for
the health providers. It is addeseed that the 1 in 4 women and 1 in 3 men will be caused by
cancer during its lifetime. The primary prevention by lifestyle and atmosphere interventions
could decline the possibilities of cancer from Australia. It is evaluated that the one-third
cancer is affected by physical activity, adequate food, healthy body weight, and avoidable
nutrition (Thomson, Heyworth, Girschik, Slevin, Saunders, & Fritschi, 2014).
Tobacco could also increase the possibilities of Cancer among people. In the current
era, it is founded that 20% of men while 50% of women are affected by cancer death due to
consumption of Tobacco. From the report of the World Health Organization, it is founded
that 7to 41% of cancer is affected due to overweight and obesity. Apart from this, it is
examined that the insufficient physical act could enhance 9% to 19% of cancer cases in

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Australia. It is also stated that the lifestyle and diet have been also increasing the causes of
cancer could increase 90%–95% of cancers among Australian (Hassona, Scully, Abu Ghosh,
Khoury, Jarrar, & Sawair, 2015).
It is addressed that the higher income people could be habitual of smoking, alcohol
use, and overweight and obesity that could also create cancer among Australian. From the
evaluation of collected data of World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), it is founded that there
are some primary causes that could be the cause of cancer named body composition, physical
act, food, and mortician. It is also addressed that if public will aware about cancer then they
could be capable to prevent the problem of Cancer form the specified place (Bowden,
Delfabbro, Room, Miller, & Wilson, 2014).
The health organization can use the marketing campaign as its facilities to the risk
factors to preventing cancer diseases from Australia. The pubic prevention risk factor could
decline the risk of cancer and support to make a favorable decision in the context of Cancer.
It is evaluated that Cancer study is based on the fear before facts, as it will also prevent the
issues of public health. The marketing camping could be imperative for increasing the depth
understanding of the belief of health as it also facilitates to get higher profits With respect to
cancer (Tazhibi & Feizi, 2014). It could also be effective for increasing the awareness of
cancer among people.
Research questions
 What are the risk factors of cancer among the public of Australia
 What is the impact of poor awareness about the risk factor of cancer on the public
 What are the Preventing initiatives for increasing the awareness of Australian towards
risk factors of cancer

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Knowledge gap
This study relies on the qualitative method that supports to collect the theoretical data
as it could be quite less reliable as compared to the quantitative study. The researcher will not
consider the quantitative method that directly impact on the overall performance of the
organization.
A summary of the key elements of your chosen methodology (ie grounded theory,
phenomenology, etc)
For conducting this study, the Grounded theory will be practiced by the researcher as
it facilitates to collect the theoretical information from the available sources. The main reason
for selecting this method is to conduct qualitative research and develop theory towards the
research matter. The grounded theory could facilitate to get the conceptual data with respect
to the research matter. It is also evaluated that this theory could lead to the researcher for
using the inductive method and obtain data in favor of the research matter (Vineis & Wild,
2014).
This method could lead to the researcher to get sequential guidelines in conducting
qualitative research and reach a reliable conclusion. Moreover, it also offers a reliable way by
which an investigator will be capable to manage the inquiry and meet the aim of the research.
It could be effective for conceptual analysis and meeting the aim of the study. The grounded
approach could facilitate to the firm for getting an effective outcome and meeting the aim of
the study effectively (Feigin, et al., 2016).
Interview methods (sampling)
The sampling method is effective for selecting people to conduct this study and reach
a reliable conclusion. This method will also support to the investigator to select suitable
sample size as well as sample for conducting the study and meet the specified aim. For
conducting this study, the researcher will consider different factors named lifestyle, diet,

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demographics, and physical act. It could also lead to getting a reliable outcome. In addition, it
is evaluated that most of the questionnaire was related to a qualitative method that could be
effective for getting the conceptual information towards the research matter. The research
candidates were selected from the Cork Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Society, and
Breakthrough Cancer Research. The researcher will get depth information about the research
issue. The investigator will inform the participants for sharing their knowledge and make a
decision effectively. Moreover, it is examined that health care professionals could mandate to
the participants to share their educational status towards the current matter (Mann &
Truswell, 2017).
A personal reflection on your motivation for exploring this research question
Though this study, I gained my understanding of the development of the research
questions. This topic was interesting for me as it facilitates me to gain my depth knowledge
in the context of the research matter. Through this research question, I will be capable to
critically evaluates the impact of poor awareness about the risk factor of cancer on the public
of Australia. These research questions also lead to me comprehend different risk factors that
might be caused by cancer (Wendelboe, et al., 2015). It will also facilitate me in being a part
of any health care community and research at a reliable conclusion. I analyzed many
strategies related to the Cancer prevention that will lead to me for declining the cancer issues
from the people at the global level. These research questions could also motivate me for
doing something good for people who suffered from Cancer.
This topic was interesting for me hence it creates the curiosity of mine in this topic
that will lead to getting a reliable outcome (McGuire, 2016). I also analyzed that there are
certain elements that could be considered by me to decline the ethical issues from the
research that will be conducted in the upcoming period. These are confidential information of
research participants, lack of data manipulation, lack of plagiarized data, and ethical norms.

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I will use the ethical norms for conducting suitable behavior with the participants of research,
as it would influence the overall result of the research outcome (Iwelunmor, Newsome, &
Airhihenbuwa, 2014).
I will also secure the all information of the research candidates, as it could be
effective for making the faith among the participants towards the researcher. It will also
directly affect the overall outcome of the research. I also observed that the researcher will
concentrate on ethical issues due to increasing the reliability of the overall research outcome.
I observed that the researcher should be capable make the transparent relationship with the
research participants as it will lead to the investigator to get the reliable outcome (Lovatt,
Eadie, Meier, Li, Bauld, Hastings, & Holmes, 2015).

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References
Bowden, J. A., Delfabbro, P., Room, R., Miller, C. L., & Wilson, C. (2014). Alcohol
consumption and NHMRC guidelines: has the message got out, are people
conforming and are they aware that alcohol causes cancer?. Australian and New
Zealand journal of public health, 38(1), 66-72.
Buykx, P., Gilligan, C., Ward, B., Kippen, R., & Chapman, K. (2015). Public support for
alcohol policies associated with knowledge of cancer risk. International Journal of
Drug Policy, 26(4), 371-379.
Feigin, V. L., Roth, G. A., Naghavi, M., Parmar, P., Krishnamurthi, R., Chugh, S., ... &
Estep, K. (2016). Global burden of stroke and risk factors in 188 countries, during
1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. The
Lancet Neurology, 15(9), 913-924.
Hassona, Y., Scully, C., Abu Ghosh, M., Khoury, Z., Jarrar, S., & Sawair, F. (2015). Mouth
cancer awareness and beliefs among dental patients. International dental
journal, 65(1), 15-21.
Iwelunmor, J., Newsome, V., & Airhihenbuwa, C. O. (2014). Framing the impact of culture
on health: a systematic review of the PEN-3 cultural model and its application in
public health research and interventions. Ethnicity & health, 19(1), 20-46.
Lovatt, M., Eadie, D., Meier, P. S., Li, J., Bauld, L., Hastings, G., & Holmes, J. (2015). Lay
epidemiology and the interpretation of low‐risk drinking guidelines by adults in the
United Kingdom. Addiction, 110(12), 1912-1919.
Mann, J., & Truswell, S. (Eds.). (2017). Essentials of human nutrition. Oxford University
Press.
McGuire, S. (2016). World cancer report 2014. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health
Organization, the international agency for research on cancer, WHO Press, 2015.

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Tazhibi, M., & Feizi, A. (2014). Awareness levels about breast cancer risk factors, early
warning signs, and screening and therapeutic approaches among Iranian adult women:
a large population-based study using latent class analysis. BioMed research
international, 2014.
Thomson, A. K., Heyworth, J. S., Girschik, J., Slevin, T., Saunders, C., & Fritschi, L. (2014).
Beliefs and perceptions about the causes of breast cancer: a case-control study. BMC
research notes, 7(1), 558.
Vineis, P., & Wild, C. P. (2014). Global cancer patterns: causes and prevention. The
Lancet, 383(9916), 549-557.
Wendelboe, A. M., McCumber, M., Hylek, E. M., Buller, H., Weitz, J. I., Raskob, G., ... &
Kakkar, A. (2015). Global public awareness of venous thromboembolism. Journal of
Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 13(8), 1365-1371.