Critics of Qualitative Data Analysis: Analysis and Implications

This report examines the criticisms of Qualitative Data Analysis (QDA) in research, focusing on its robustness and limitations. The report provides an analysis of these criticisms, comparing QDA to quantitative techniques and addressing concerns about sample size and researcher subjectivity. It explores the implications of QDA for software development, highlighting its strengths in identifying intangible factors like ethnicity and social norms. The report also discusses the advantages of QDA, such as providing detailed and valid context, and the importance of considering both quantifiable and unquantifiable factors in decision-making. It concludes by emphasizing QDA's role in retaining contextual factors and its holistic approach to qualitative research, while acknowledging the ongoing debates and contradictions within the field.

Running head: USER-CENTERED DESIGN
User-Centered Design
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author’s Note

1
USER-CENTERED DESIGN
Executive summary
This report deals with the critics of the QDA in the research. There are various criticism
provided in the report. The analysis of the critics has been properly done in the report. The
reflection of analysis of the critics. There are various implication of the software development
community has been described.

2
USER-CENTERED DESIGN
Table of Contents
Section 1: Introduction....................................................................................................................4
Section 2: Evidence.........................................................................................................................4
Section 3: Implication for software development............................................................................6
Section4: Conclusion.......................................................................................................................8
References........................................................................................................................................9

3
USER-CENTERED DESIGN
Section 1: Introduction
The article is about the use of the Qualitative Data Analysis used by the researcher during any
type of research. The Qualitative data Analysis contains the non-scientific type of data analysis
and data collection (Flick, 2014). The researcher have to face a type of challenges in the research
regarding the robustness of the Qualitative data Analysis. Therefore, this paper focuses on the
debate by scrutinizing the quality and nature of methods under qualitative research. This paper
signifies the attributes and research capacity of the researcher involved in the coding and sorting
of the qualitative data.
The Qualitative data Analysis researcher focuses on the holistic approach to the existence of the
notion and existence of the social object in the subjective awareness (Corbin, Strauss & Strauss,
2014). The qualitative research is developed by the subjective researchers that helps in
developing proper and descriptive data and information for the conduction of the research.
Section 2: Evidence
The objectivist and subjectivist dichotomy of QDA can be compared with quantitative
techniques that are regularly limited to the world by providing empirical facts are quantified and
correlated for generating appropriate results and outcomes. Therefore, the researchers who are
familiar with the statistical and quantitative data analysis methods have to be imprecise by the
QDA. However, critics argue that the QDA can be limited by the small sample size and can be
implemented in the every position of the researcher (Glaser, 2017).
The criticism on the QDA cohesiveness and coherency has attracted many researchers to the
implementation of the qualitative approach of the research in the study. There are many strengths
of the qualitative data including factual, reliable outcome data that can be generalizable for larger

4
USER-CENTERED DESIGN
population (Marshall, C., & Rossman, 2014). There are various restriction in the study of the
research that have able to maintain the challenges faced by the QDA in the coding, shifting and
sorting of the qualitative research. Many researchers have challenged that QDA is restricted to
the coding, sorting and sifting if the data and information (Klenke, 2016). There are various
methods by which the qualitative data analysis can be done by conducting observation and
interview. There are different methods that are considered for giving accessing to personal
understandings only the person. As analyzed by Padgett, (2016), the rejection of idea represents
and are derived from minds was historically. Therefore, the analysis of the qualitative data and
information initiates with by listening, reading, coding of recorded interviews, transcribing and
observational data for categorizing and sifting of data.
This helps in interpreting the complex reality of the situation and various implication of the
qualitative data (Woods et al., 2016). The advantages of the QDA are detailed, rich and valid in
the context if the research in the scenario. The various implications of the qualitative data
analysis has been depicted in the form of the quota. This Many controversies exist in the
observation method that can be considered for being weak in terms of susceptibility for the
observation. Subjective bias in the part of the observer and reliability and hence the validity of
the data gathered through it (Willig & Stainton-Rogers, 2017). The observer effect similarly,
may in some way influence the behavior of those being observed because of the presence of the
researcher.
The process by which the researcher have to maintain the reliability of the research study. The
argument in the QDA are supported by different factors which are relevant to the decision cannot
be quantified. On the majority day to day, business decisions including marketing strategy,
customer acquisition and pricing are completely dependent on quantifiable factors (Brennen,

5
USER-CENTERED DESIGN
2017). Therefore, the decision making process of the researcher have to be maintaned by the
quantifiable and unquantifiable uncertainty. The field of qualitative research is still defined by
the series of contradiction, tension, and hesitation. The discussion has been noticeable for the
criticism that are existing in the qualitative data analysis can be maintained by a holistic
approach of the researchers in the organization (Onwuegbuzie & Weinbaum, 2017). The sorting
and shifting of the qualitative data are criticized on the terms of validity and reliability.
Therefore, the critics are careful in using the QDA in the research factors for the ultimate
solution of the robustness in the research. On the other hand, the radical researcher have gone
being the traditional concept of the qualitative data analysis that are being critics. The findings
that are generated from the sorting, coding and sifting of qualitative data can often be extended
to people having similar characteristics for studding the population selected for the analysis of
the data collected from geographical areas or populations (Creswell & Poth, 2017). Therefore,
the acceptance of the coding and indexing of the qualitative collection of data and information
have to be analyzed properly. The qualitative data is collected from the data sources obtained
from conducting survey and interview with the targeted participants.
Section 3: Implication for software development
Al the critics that are imposed on the qualitative data analysis has been appropriate in the context
of the traditional researchers the context. Despite all of these, there are differ types of advantages
and strengths if the QDA in the society for analyzing the data and information used in the
research. The robustness and efficiency if the QDA has been helping in analyzing the different
aspects of the data and information is used in the research for the intellectual analysis. The
quality of the statistical analysis of the qualitative data can be redefined with the help of various
concepts in the research.

6
USER-CENTERED DESIGN
Many researchers have claimed that the intensity of QDA is increased during used with the
quantitative methods. Thus helps in interpreting the complex reality of the situation and various
implication of the qualitative data. Therefore, qualitative research helps in providing information
regarding the humanistic side of an issue. This might be often contradictory behaviors that
incudes beliefs, opinions, emotions and relationships of individuals (Onwuegbuzie & Weinbaum,
2017). QDA techniques are appropriate for identifying intangible factors including, ethnicity,
social norms, gender roles, socio-economic status and religion. There are many strengths of the
qualitative data including factual, reliable outcome data that can be generalizable for larger
population (Creswell & Poth, 2017). The advantages if the QDA are detailed, rich and valid in
the context if the research in the scenario. The findings that are generated from the sorting,
coding and sifting of qualitative data can often be extended to people having similar
characteristics for studding the population selected for the analysis of the data collected from
geographical areas or populations (Onwuegbuzie & Weinbaum, 2017).
The various implications of the qualitative data analysis has been depicted in the form if the
quota. This can be represented by the qualitative researchers in the research by depicting the
results and conclusions of the research. The study of the research hexing maintaining the
qualitative approach for the researcher in order to maintain the proper efficient factors. The
rationales given the author has been properly rectified that can be analyzed using the qualitative
data analysis in the context. On the other hand, van der Biezen et al., (2017) argued that the
holistic approach of the qualitative analysis of the data and information helps in completing the
goals and objectives of the research that has been initiated. The qualitative data analysis helps in
examining the inductive strategy if the research that conquers the whole idea and feelings of
those participants. The qualitative researchers have to approach to a different world with a set of

7
USER-CENTERED DESIGN
perspective and consideration. This helps in maintaining the flexibility to the qualitative
researchers for exploring the different aspects of the context. There is a vital strength of QDA as
it provides benefits to the researchers for having in-depth analysis of the questions in the
research for providing complex textual descriptions (Creswell & Poth, 2017). Therefore,
qualitative research helps in providing information regarding the humanistic side of an issue.
This might be often contradictory behaviors that incudes beliefs, opinions, emotions and
relationships of individuals. QDA techniques are appropriate for identifying intangible factors
including, ethnicity, social norms, gender roles, socio-economic status and religion. Therefore,
the analysis of the qualitative data and information initiates with by listening, reading, coding of
recorded interviews, transcribing and observational data for categorizing and sifting of data. On
the other hand, van der Biezen et al., (2017) argued that there are some research questions that
QDA process goes beyond the realm of coding, sorting and sifting.
Section4: Conclusion
It can be concluded that the QDA recognizes itself to retain the foreground contextual factors.
There are various criticism have been imposed n the QDA that are properly clarified in the
report. The conclusions for the analysis of the QDA has been robust an efficient. It helps in
providing a holistic approach for the qualitative researchers. There is a critical discussion on the
QDA involvement in the sorting, coding and sifting technique of qualitative data in the research.
Various reflexive and interpretive process has been depicted in the sphere of the sorting, coding
and sifting.

8
USER-CENTERED DESIGN
References
Brennen, B. S. (2017). Qualitative research methods for media studies. Taylor & Francis.
Corbin, J., Strauss, A., & Strauss, A. L. (2014). Basics of qualitative research. Sage.
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2017). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing
among five approaches. Sage publications.
Flick, U. (2014). An introduction to qualitative research. Sage.
Glaser, B. (2017). Discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Routledge.
Klenke, K. (Ed.). (2016). Qualitative research in the study of leadership. Emerald Group
Publishing Limited.
Marshall, C., & Rossman, G. B. (2014). Designing qualitative research. Sage publications.
Merriam, S. B., & Tisdell, E. J. (2015). Qualitative research: A guide to design and
implementation. John Wiley & Sons.
Onwuegbuzie, A. J., & Weinbaum, R. K. (2017). A Framework for Using Qualitative
Comparative Analysis for the Review of the Literature. The Qualitative Report, 22(2), 359-372.
Padgett, D. K. (2016). Qualitative methods in social work research (Vol. 36). Sage Publications.
van der Biezen, M., Derckx, E., Wensing, M., & Laurant, M. (2017). Factors influencing
decision of general practitioners and managers to train and employ a nurse practitioner or
physician assistant in primary care: a qualitative study. BMC family practice, 18(1), 16.
Willig, C., & Stainton-Rogers, W. (Eds.). (2017). The SAGE handbook of qualitative research in
psychology. Sage.

9
USER-CENTERED DESIGN
Woods, M., Paulus, T., Atkins, D. P., & Macklin, R. (2016). Advancing qualitative research
using qualitative data analysis software (QDAS)? Reviewing potential versus practice in
published studies using ATLAS. ti and NVivo, 1994–2013. Social Science Computer
Review, 34(5), 597-617.