Qualitative Research Methods Report - Psychology, University of ABC

This report delves into qualitative research methods, focusing on phenomenological research and data analysis techniques. It explores the importance of first-person reports in understanding life experiences and the systematic procedures involved in conducting rigorous qualitative studies. The discussion covers methodological considerations, including preparation, data collection, and analysis, with an emphasis on open-ended procedures and the development of research questions. Ethical considerations, such as informed consent and participant confidentiality, are also addressed. The report includes a statistical analysis using MAXQDA software, examining the correlation between relationship and performance in an organization, and a reliability analysis using Cronbach's alpha. The findings indicate a strong positive correlation between performance and relationship-related variables, with a discussion on the reliability of the scales used. The study concludes by emphasizing the value of both technical and non-technical literature in interpreting data and confirming the relevance of research findings.

Running head: QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS
Qualitative Research Methods
Name of the student
Name of the university
Author’s note

1QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS
Table of Contents
Introduction:....................................................................................................................................2
Discussion:.......................................................................................................................................2
Conclusion:......................................................................................................................................3
Reference List:.................................................................................................................................5

2QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS
Introduction:
There have been several evidences from the phenomenological research that is generated
from the first person reports relating to life experience. As per the phenomenological principles,
scientific investigations are considered to be valid when information sought is arrived on the
description which makes it possible to understand the meaning and essence of experience.
According to Mackey and Gass (2015), an individual is required to exclude all the empirical
interpretations and existential affirmations that is required to be undertaken based on the acts of
the ideation. For attaining scientific evidences relating to phenomenological investigations, the
scholar under this situation begins and executes the sequence of approaches or procedures which
satisfies the necessities of an prearranged, discipline and systematic study.
Discussion:
The above stated discussion states the methodological needs might be organized in
relation to the methods of preparation, methods involved in the collection of data and methods
that are involved in the organization and analysis of data. The method provides a systematic
procedure of accomplishing something that is orderly and disciplined involving care and rigor.
Process and methods makes up the method that provides steps and directions to be followed and
move the sturdy into the action. Every method that is involved in the human science research
comprises of the open ended procedure (Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault 2015). There is no form of
definitive or exclusive requirements. Every projects comprises of their own truthfulness and
creates its own method and process to enable the movement of the investigations and grouping of
the information.
The first challenge that is involved with the researcher is the preparation to conduct
phenomenological investigations in order to arrive at the topic and questions that comprises of
the social meaning and personal significances. The questions stated should be clear and with
tangible terms. The key terms of the question must be defined, conversed and clarified in order to
make sure that the intention and the purpose of the investigations is clear.
Under the phenomenon research the questions cultivates out of the intense attention in the
specific problem of the topic. The curiosity of the researcher and interest in the particular
problem inspire the purpose of the search. Personal history brings into the actions the problems
into the focus (Flick 2015). With the emerging of the completeness of the topic any kind of
tangent might complicate the diction of the controllable and exact question. Even though this
procedure of allowing aspects of the topic to enter into the awareness is necessary to formulate
the core question which will remain visible and alive all through the investigations.
There is no form of in-advance criteria for locating and choosing the research
participants. Over-all deliberations comprise of age, race, religion, ethnic and cultural factors
along with political and economic factors. Necessary criteria comprise of the research

3QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS
participants has experienced the occurrence which is strongly interested in understanding of the
nature and meaning that are eagerness to contribute in the prolonged meeting. Possibly the
follow up of the meeting provides the investigator with the authenticity to record and publish the
data in the study or other journals.
Silverman (2016), has investigated the experience of psychologist-psychologist or
existence in relationship of the clients. At the time of identifying the participants and enlisting
them to the study several authors have prepared a statement that described the nature and
objective of the study in locating the presence of the psychotherapists whose existence is
considered as necessary element of therapeutic effectiveness. Human science researchers are
usually directed by the moral values on examination with human participants. The discussion
that is performed in this study has sufficiently maintained the required vital ethical standards that
establishes clear contracts with the research contributors that identified the need of the privacy
and well-versed agreement in order to develop the process for insuring complete disclosure of
the nature, purpose and necessities of the research (Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault 2015). All the
studies that were performed were in the form of qualitative nature and comprised of the
participants that were volunteered to be co-researchers has placed emphasis on the procedure that
were open ended and methods that can be shifted in response to the participants.
The investigators even offered the detailed information concerning the nature and
objective of the study in relation to the co-researchers before making the selection of the research
participants. Since minimum amount of risk was involved in relation to the health and well-being
of the research participants (Panneerselvam, 2014). The co-researchers generally contribute to
the effectiveness of way guiding the lengthy interview. Information that are considered by the
researcher to be confidential and private was removed so that the identity of the research
participants is safeguarded. Confidentiality of the data that was maintained is considered to be
relevant unless the co-researcher was completely informed and agreed to use it. There it is
noteworthy to denote that the research participants can be reviewed and affirmed or change the
data of research in order to correspond to the needs and perception of the researchers.
There is another method of performing phenomenological study which includes appraisal
of the specialized and research literature associated with the subject of research and query. The
investigators evaluate before relevant studies are performed and discoveries from the
investigators own study reflects what new information an individual is seeking or anticipating to
obtain.
MAXQDA software is used for qualitative analysis of data. For the present analysis the
relation between relationship and performance in an organization is analysed. The variable
relationship was subdivided into “development” and “commitment.” The variable “performance”
was subdivided into “productivity” and “organization.”

4QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS
relationship\
development
relationship\
commitment
performance\
organization
performance
\productivity
relationship performanc
e
relationship\
development
-0.131
(p=0.7176)
N=10
-0.105
(p=0.7737)
N=10
0.789
(p=0.0067)
N=10
-0.265
(p=0.4594)
N=10
-0.195
(p=0.5900)
N=10
relationship\
commitment
-0.131
(p=0.7176)
N=10
-0.161
(p=0.6569)
N=10
-0.146
(p=0.6863)
N=10
0.504
(p=0.1374)
N=10
0.655
(p=0.0398)
N=10
performance\
organization
-0.105
(p=0.7737)
N=10
-0.161
(p=0.6569)
N=10
-0.197
(p=0.5856)
N=10
0.178
(p=0.6218)
N=10
0.039
(p=0.9141)
N=10
performance\
productivity
0.789
(p=0.0067)
N=10
-0.146
(p=0.6863)
N=10
-0.197
(p=0.5856)
N=10
-0.356
(p=0.3122)
N=10
-0.003
(p=0.9940)
N=10
relationship -0.265
(p=0.4594)
N=10
0.504
(p=0.1374)
N=10
0.178
(p=0.6218)
N=10
-0.356
(p=0.3122)
N=10
0.776
(p=0.0084)
N=10
performance -0.195
(p=0.5900)
N=10
0.655
(p=0.0398)
N=10
0.039
(p=0.9141)
N=10
-0.003
(p=0.9940)
N=10
0.776
(p=0.0084)
N=10
From the above analysis it is seen that the correlation between the variable performance –
productivity in an organization is very strongly, positively related with relationship –
development of the employees (r = 0.789, p-value = 0.0067). Moreover, the correlation between
performance and relationship of employees in an organization is also very strong, positive
(r=0.776, p-value = 0.0084). In addition, the correlation between performance and relationship-
commitment of the employees is also strong and positive (r = 0.655, p-value = 0.0398). The
relationship is statistically significant at 0.05 level of significance.
Sum of squares df Mean
square
F p value Eta squared
Between groups 1,010.400 9 112.27 0.000 0.000 1.000
Within groups 0.00 0 0.00
Total 1,010.400 9
Homogenity of
variance
Levene 0.00
p value 0.00
The above table shows the analysis of variance between relationship and performance.
“Relationship” was taken as the dependent variable and “performance” was used as the factor.

5QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS
From the above ANOVA table it is seen that there is statistically significant difference between
relationship and performance (p-value = 0.000).
Cronbach's Alpha = 0.291
Nr
.
Item Mean scale w/o
item
Std.dev. scale w/o
item
Corrected item scale
corr.
Alpha w/o
item
1 relationship\
development
120.30 68.32 -0.04 0.48
2 relationship\
commitment
163.00 61.38 0.20 0.18
3 performance\
organization
161.80 80.78 -0.14 0.36
4 performance\
productivity
169.70 74.05 0.31 0.20
5 relationship 168.30 75.76 0.35 0.22
6 performance 115.40 65.56 0.41 0.04
Reliability analysis is used to analyse the variation in the scales of the responses. The
analysis of the data shows that the Cronbach’s alpha = 0.291. Thus, the reliability of the scales is
poor. Moreover, the variable relationship-development has Cronbach’s alpha = 0.48. Since the
Cronbach’s alpha item is more than Cronbach’s alpha. Hence, the variable should be removed to
increase the reliability of the data.
Conclusion:
The study can be summarised by stating that the objective of using the technological and
non-technical literature. The literature can be concluded by stating that the theoretical sensitivity
concerning the concepts and relations in search of the evidences from a person’s own research
which confirms the relevancy of the research in interpreting the data. On the other hand, the
secondary data might provide relevant interviews and field notes along with the descriptiveness
of the materials for relevant events and perspective of the research participants. In large number
of studies reports, newspapers and diaries are considered as one of the most important source of
data that supplements the usual interviews and observations.

6QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS
Reference List:
Mackey, A. and Gass, S.M., 2015. Second language research: Methodology and design.
Routledge.
Taylor, S.J., Bogdan, R. and DeVault, M., 2015. Introduction to qualitative research methods: A
guidebook and resource. John Wiley & Sons.
Flick, U., 2015. Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research
project. Sage.
Silverman, D. ed., 2016. Qualitative research. Sage.
Panneerselvam, R., 2014. Research methodology. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd..