Qualitative Analysis of the Preparatory Phase within Vertical Jump

This report presents a qualitative analysis of the preparatory phase in a standing vertical jump, detailing the movements of the ankle, knee, and hip joints. The analysis begins with an examination of the initial position, where all muscles and joints are at rest, followed by an in-depth look at the movements during the preparatory phase. The report explains the role of pronation in ankle movement, the contraction of specific muscles in the knee, and the flexion and extension of the hips. It also includes a discussion of the countermovement phase, which is crucial for generating momentum, and emphasizes the importance of coordinated arm movements. The anatomical analysis provided in the appendices highlights the joints, actions, active muscles, muscle actions, and causes of movement during both the beginning and ending phases of the preparatory stage. The report concludes with a summary of the key findings, emphasizing the role of the preparatory phase in generating momentum and force for the jump, and the involvement of ankle, knee, and hip joints.

Running Head: Qualitative Analysis of the Preparatory Phase within the Standing Vertical Jump
Qualitative Analysis of the Preparatory Phase within the Standing Vertical Jump
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Qualitative Analysis of the Preparatory Phase within the Standing Vertical Jump
Qualitative Analysis of the Preparatory Phase within the Standing Vertical Jump
During standing vertical jump, there are some phase of preparatory activities which are
involved. These activities include the movements of the ankle, knees, hip, shoulder joints and
body trunk. During the initial position of the student, all the muscles and joints in the ankle,
knees, shoulder joints, and body trunk are at rest, there is no observable change in their position.
The figure 1 below shows the original position of the ankles before the beginning of the jumping
process.
The table at the appendix shows an anatomical analysis of the preparatory stage during the
standing vertical stage.
Movement of ankle during the beginning of the preparatory phase
During the beginning stages of standing vertical jump, the bones of the ankles which are
involved during this stage are the tibia and calcaneus, these bones together form a modified joint.
Pronation is very vital in the ankle as it helps to transfer forces forward and towards the midline
of the bones, this transfer will enable the body to achieve motion during jumping up. During this
stage still, the medial arch will flatten and heals rolls inwards. At this point, the jumper feels so
light and can easily lift himself or herself off the air (Anil K. Jain, 2013, p. 178). During
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Qualitative Analysis of the Preparatory Phase within the Standing Vertical Jump
jumping, the jumping jack of the ankle contracts the Dorsiflex, dorsiflexor and Tibialis Anterior
muscles to open the modified joints of the ankle. This forkful action will hence make the jumper
to jump easily as seen in the figure.
Fig 2: Shows a jumper involvement in her ankles before jumping.
Movement of knee during the beginning of the preparatory phase
The knee jump is commonly known as calisthenics or sometimes referred to as
plyometric, during the standing vertical jump, the knee plays a very important role by the
contraction of the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and Rectus femoris which is achieved by
extensions of these muscles. The contraction of the muscles of the knees will pull up of the legs
and thighs hence the whole body, this will hence result in the movement of the whole sagittal
plane up. Basically, knees contribute movement by relaxation and contraction of muscles. After
this, there will be a lot of power developed which will enable movement of the body (John
Woodward, 2015, p. 195).
Movement of knee during the beginning of the preparatory phase
For any standing vertical jump, there is two motion which will be involved in the
movement of the body attributed by the hips; extension and flexion. For the standing vertical
jump, hips flexion (which is pushing hips back into the loaded position) plays a greater role in
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Qualitative Analysis of the Preparatory Phase within the Standing Vertical Jump
the vertical jumping. It enables the body to gain power and makes the body lighter hence jumps
easily. Of another important action is the hips extension which is forward and up at the same
time. During the jump, the jumper will lean to enable him or her to extend the hips accordingly
from a flexed position to developing explosive vertical motion. Enable the jumper to realize this
which enables him or her to develop power for jumping, the jumper must be very flexible, have a
great technique and must be strong enough (Anil K. Jain, 2013, p. 214).
Movement of knee and ankle during the end of the preparatory phase
The figure below shows the involvement of the knee and ankles of the jumper during the
process of jumping.
Fig 3: Shows a jumper involvement in her ankles during the process of jumping
The extensa knees muscles and hips and the ankle’s plantar flexors contracts peculiarly to
enable knees and hips to flex and the dorsiflex to ankles concurrently in the preparation phase.
The phase action comprises of the concurrent knees and hips extension and also flexion of
plantar of the ankles through the muscles’ shortening and reduction which outspread or plantar
flex the joints and propel the body vertically upwards. The major difference between the counter
movement jump with no action of the arm and that with a free action of the arm is that the action
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Qualitative Analysis of the Preparatory Phase within the Standing Vertical Jump
of the arm is coordinated properly with those of the legs will enable the performance of the jump
(Anil K. Jain, 2013, p. 158)
Conclusion
This research paper is about the qualitative analysis of the preparatory phase within the
standing vertical jump. The phase of preparatory which is normally referred to wind up or coking
phase is used in lengthening the muscles necessary so that they will be in a position to generate
more momentum or force when concentrically contract in the following phase. The jumping
action is one that happens in the plane of surgical about the transverse axis and involves the
ankle joints, knee joints and hip joints. The heap bones which are involved in the action of
jumping are the pelvic girdles and femur as explained in this paper above.
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Qualitative Analysis of the Preparatory Phase within the Standing Vertical Jump
References
Anil K. Jain, A. A. (2013). Introduction to Biometrics. Michigan: Springer Science & Business Media.
John Woodward, N. M. (2015). Biometrics. New York: McGraw Hill Professional.
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Qualitative Analysis of the Preparatory Phase within the Standing Vertical Jump
Appendices
The table below shows an anatomical analysis of the preparatory stage during the standing
vertical stage
Joints Actions of Joints Active Muscles Muscle Action Cause of the movement
Phase
one:
Beginning phase
(Countermovement)
Hip joints Extension Quadriceps
Hamstrings
Eccentric gravity/passive
Ankle Neural Tibialis soleus
and Anterior
Eccentric gravity/passive
Knee Extension Rectus Femoris Eccentric gravity/passive
Phase 2: Countermovement
(Ending phase)
Hip joints Flexion Hamstrings Concentric Muscular
Ankle Dorsiflexion Large muscles in
the calf or
Gastroc soleus
Concentric Muscular
Knee Flexion Quadriceps
femoris
Concentric Muscular
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