Report: Research Methodologies, Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis

This report provides an overview of research methodologies, focusing on both qualitative and quantitative approaches. It begins by emphasizing the importance of research questions in guiding the research process, defining the scope, and clarifying issues. The report then delves into qualitative research, discussing techniques like semi-structured interviews, group discussions, and ethnography, highlighting their role in gathering subjective experiences and exploring natural settings. In contrast, the report examines quantitative research, emphasizing its use of numerical data and its approach to establishing relationships between theory and study. It outlines the steps involved in quantitative research, including theory development, hypothesis formulation, research design, and data analysis. The report further explores the analysis of quantitative data, mentioning the use of SPSS software and emphasizing the creative and dynamic nature of this practice. The report references key sources like Bryman, Clough & Nutbrown, and Reeves et al. to support its arguments.

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RESEARCH METHODS

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Table of Contents
Research methodology.....................................................................................................................3
Qualitative research.........................................................................................................................3
Quantitative research.......................................................................................................................4
Analyzing quantitative data.............................................................................................................4
References........................................................................................................................................6

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Research methodology
I perceive that authors focuses on describing the key argument that research question is
highly important for the researchers. The authors demonstrate that methodology refers to the
method of evaluating and investigating the techniques used by the researchers, describing
limitations and resources which are considered in conducting the research (Clough & Nutbrown,
2012). Through investigating the perception of the author I reveled that research decisions and
research questions are mainly developed and highly based on the purpose of conducting the
research. The author revealed that research question is significant it is because it set the limit and
parameters for conducting the study; it also helps in defining the problems and issues as well as
find the manner of clarifying the different situations. Further, it is important because it set the
path and support in moving in the right direction during the procedure of the research. I also
revealed that it help in developing better practice of research and helps in understanding the
manner of doing the work and performing the task in the research.
Qualitative research
Through my investigation Brockington and Sullivan argues that qualitative research
support the researchers to collect the data in natural setting rather than focusing on artificial as
well as constructed results. Qualitative method includes different type of technique which
includes semi-structured interview, group discussions and oral histories. The method provides
responses and implications to the researchers to get the subjective experience. The authors
describe various examples of PRA (Participatory Action Research) technique which includes
wealth ranking, Mapping etc (Brockington & Sullivan, 2003). The Ethnography is also the
technique which is used to develop the different range of the qualitative data in which some of
the technique includes such as observing the participants and oral testimony.
Further, authors also describe the overall description of the qualitative data through the
side of quantitative that is it demonstrate that it is considered an error and some the researchers
find qualitative data is somehow inferior (Brockington & Sullivan, 2003). It is because of
describing the information and showing results without the help of statistical information that is
no testing and no validation of the data which were collected according to the subject matter. It is

RESEARCH 3
important to use theories in the qualitative research and to conduct social research study it is
because phenomenology describes the ways in which person give different sign and meanings to
the social phenomena (Reeves, Albert, Kuper, & Hodges, 2008). The other critical theory
describes and provides the information regarding the construction of knowledge and
organizational power in the society.
Quantitative research
Bryman argues that quantitative research is a different approach and it is the dominant
strategy for performing the social research. Quantitative research is considered distinctive
strategy it is because it supports the researchers to collect various numerical data and helps in
describing the relationship among the theory and study; this is due to the reason that it is a
natural science approach (Bryman, 2012). The different types of steps are involved in conducting
quantitative research which includes theory, hypothesis, research design, selecting the sites of
research, collecting data, processing the data, analyzing and providing findings as well as
conclusion of the research.
Through investigation I perceive that in performing the social research researchers in the
foremost step focuses on establishing the adequate setting for conducting the research and to
perform the study by including methods, philosophies and technique of research. I also evaluated
that authors focuses on describing the application of the concept and their measurements
(Bryman, 2012). The concept is considered the approach which builds various blocks for the
theories and describes the main points for which social research is conduct. Therefore it supports
the researchers to maintain reliability, validity and quantitative research is conducted by the
researchers due to various concepts such as measurement, causality and generalization (Bryman,
2012).
Analyzing quantitative data
I perceive that through analyzing the quantitative data author argues that quantitative data
is the full set of observing the data regarding the social research. The SPSS software can be used
to evaluate the quantitative data it is because quantitative analysis is the imaginative practice this
is due to the reason that analyzing the data is considered the creative and dynamic approach

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(Walter, 2009). The author also describe that quantitative analysis is the devoted practice this is
due to the reason that it provide various evidence regarding the social selectivity which influence
the chances of upward mobility.

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References
Brockington, D., & Sullivan, S. (2003). Meaning and Fieldwork - Lessons from Qualitative
Research Methodologies. In Field Work and Development Studies. London: Sage
PublicationsLtd.Retrievedfrom:https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/
publications/meaning-and-fieldwork--lessons-from-qualitative-research-
methodologies(f4f797aa-e562-4ae1-9f2a-3efbf5186d28)/export.html
Bryman, A. (2012). Social Research Methods. New York: Oxford University Press Inc.Retrieved
from:https://global.oup.com/academic/product/social-research-methods-9780199689453?
cc=cn&lang=en&
Clough, P., & Nutbrown, C. (2012). A Student's Guide to Methodology. Thousand Oaks: SAGE
Publications Ltd.Retrieved from: http://www.sagepub.com/hi/cam/a-students-guide-to-
methodology/book237315?page=1
Reeves, S., Albert, M., Kuper, A., & Hodges, B. D. (2008). Qualitative Research: Why Use
Theories in Qualitative Research? British Medical Journal , 337 (7670), 631-
634.Retrievedfrom:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/23156531_Qualitative_rese
arch_-_Why_use_theories_in_qualitative_research
Walter, M. (2009). Social Research Methods. Australia: Oxford University Press.