Research Proposal: Quality of Life in Haemodialysis Patients, Sabah

This research proposal, titled "ASSESSMENT ON HEALTH RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG PATIENTS UNDERGOING HAEMODIALYSIS IN WEST COAST, SABAH", outlines a study investigating the impact of haemodialysis on the quality of life of patients with chronic kidney disease. The introduction provides background information on haemodialysis, its significance, and the problem statement focusing on the impact on quality of life. The objectives aim to understand haemodialysis patients, analyze treatment effects, and identify factors to improve quality of life. The methodology section details the quantitative research design, study setting, population, sampling methods, inclusion/exclusion criteria, sample size, variables, instruments (questionnaires), and data collection procedures. The study will collect data through questionnaires and secondary sources. Ethical considerations, including informed consent and data privacy, are also addressed. The proposal includes a literature review of previous studies and theoretical frameworks, which emphasizes the importance of social and family relationships in shaping the quality of life. The data analysis plan involves quantitative methods to interpret research outcomes. The expected results will provide insights into the factors influencing the quality of life of haemodialysis patients and inform interventions to enhance their well-being. The limitations of the study include time and cost constraints.

Research Proposal
1

Table of Contents
TITLE – “ASSESSMENT ON HEALTH RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG PATIENTS
UNDERGOING HAEMODIALYSIS IN WEST COAST, SABAH”............................................1
CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................1
1.1 Background to the study........................................................................................................1
1.2 Problem statement.................................................................................................................1
1.3 Objectives of the study..........................................................................................................1
1.4 Research questions.................................................................................................................1
1.5 Research Hypotheses.............................................................................................................2
1.6 Significance of the study.......................................................................................................2
1.7 Limitations of the study.........................................................................................................2
1.8 Operational Definitions.........................................................................................................2
CHAPTER 2 - REVIEW OF LITERATURE..................................................................................2
2.1 Previous studies.....................................................................................................................2
2.2 Theoretical framework /conceptual framework.....................................................................3
CHAPTER 3 - METHODOLOGY..................................................................................................4
3.1 Research design.....................................................................................................................4
3.2 Setting of the study................................................................................................................4
3.3 Population..............................................................................................................................4
3.4 Sampling................................................................................................................................4
3.5 Sampling criteria (inclusion and exclusion)..........................................................................4
3.6 Sample and its’ size...............................................................................................................5
3.7 Variables................................................................................................................................5
3.8 Instrument..............................................................................................................................5
3.9 Validity & Reliability............................................................................................................5
3.10 Pilot Study...........................................................................................................................5
3.11 Data Collection Procedure...................................................................................................6
3.12 Plan for Data Analysis.........................................................................................................6
3.13 Ethical Consideration...........................................................................................................6
CHAPTER 4 DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS....................................................................6
2

REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7
TITLE – “ASSESSMENT ON HEALTH RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE
AMONG PATIENTS UNDERGOING HAEMODIALYSIS IN WEST
COAST, SABAH”
CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the study
Haemodialysis is the medical procedure which help in removing fluid as well as waste
products from blood and help in correct electrolyte imbalances. In addition to this, it results in
accomplishing using a machine as well as dialyzer and also referred as an artificial kidney.
Moreover, Haemodialysis is utilising for treating both acute as well as chronic kidney failure.
Along with this, Haemodialysis patients are the one who facing issue related to kidney and when
kidney of patient don’t work then dialysis provide assistance in more effective manner. This
research will provide assistance in determining each and every factor related to Haemodialysis
disease. Because it has major impact on health and require proper attention for gaining effective
outcomes.
1.2 Problem statement
The problem statement associated with this research is “To study the impact on quality of
life in Chronic Kidney disease patients undergoing haemodialysis.”
1.3 Objectives of the study
1. To gain better understanding about the haemodialysis patients.
2. To analyse effect of treatment on quality of life of the haemodialysis patients.
3. To evaluate different factors that could be consider in order to enhance the quality of life of
haemodialysis patients.
1.4 Research questions
1. What is the understanding about the haemodialysis patients?
2. What are the effect of treatment on quality of life of the haemodialysis patients?
3. What are the different factors that could be consider in order enhancing the quality of life of
haemodialysis patients?
3

1.5 Research Hypotheses
H1 - If Chronic Kidney Disease patient undergo haemodialysis then there is significant impact on
their quality of life than other people.
1.6 Significance of the study
This research has its importance as well as wide scope because Haemodialysis is the major
issue which several people are facing and required to be treated in appropriate manner. In
addition to this, it results in accomplishing using a machine as well as dialyzer and also referred
as an artificial kidney. Moreover, healthy kidneys clean blood and remove extra fluid in urine
form. Along with this, it also makes substance which help in keeping body healthy, dialysis helps
in replaying some of functions when kidney of individual will not work in proper manner. For
treating Haemodialysis patient mainly two types of dialysis can be use such as haemodialysis as
well as peritoneal dialysis. This research will provide assistance in determining each and every
factor related to Haemodialysis disease. Because it has major impact on health and require
proper attention for gaining effective outcomes.
1.7 Limitations of the study
There are some limitations associated with the study. The two main limitations in relation
to this study will be time and cost. For performing the investigation, limited amount of time is
available within which the study must be completed. Thus, the time available for research is
constrained by deadline so it is one among the limitation of research. Apart from this, the cost of
the research is also specified in which researcher needs to complete each activities of study.
1.8 Operational Definitions
Haemodialysis - It is the medical procedure which help in removing fluid as well as waste
products from blood and help in correct electrolyte imbalances.
Chronic Kidney Disease – It means the lasting damage to kidneys which can become worse
over time.
CHAPTER 2 - REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1 Previous studies
As per the view point of Marta Dąbrowska-Bender and et. al., (2018), Chronic kidney
disease influence around 10% of population in the world. It is an outcome of aging population as
well as maximize in civilization diseases like hypertension, obesity and diabetes. But, popularity
4

of therapies like renal replacement therapy is diverse and rely on financial resources of nation.
The life of individuals with chronic kidney disease becomes adapted to changes and reorganized
as an outcome of nature of disease as well as method of its treatment. The patients are more
dependent on the apparatus of dialysis and the medical personnel. Treatment of the disease also
involves limitations terms of drinking and eating along with physical activities. Resulted to this,
the intensity of somatic and mental symptoms largely influence the quality of life level as
perceived by the patients. Similar to this, the currents of adverse symptoms of dialysis therapy
like depression, sleep disorder, weakening of blood pressure fluctuations, stomach ache and pain
or limitations associated with illness or disease declines the level of quality of life as well as
cause the illness which is to be perceived as burdensome.
As per the view point of Delmas, P., and et.al, (2020), the patient suffering from kidney
disease also give up many other activities like social activities, hobbies, sports and personal
development. The quality of life of patients with chronic kidney disease and undergoing
haemodialysis is shaped by family and social relationship. This is the source of self-esteem and
positive feelings for the patient and it enhance their quality of life. Contrasting to this, lack of
acceptance and support from friends and family has adverse influence on the health of patient by
feelings of hopelessness, low self-esteem and helplessness, which in turn cause depression, sense
of life meaning less, feelings of resignation and lower mood. Thus, the patients with chronic
kidney disease undergoing dialysis have adverse impact on their quality of life.
2.2 Theoretical framework /conceptual framework
5

CHAPTER 3 - METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research design
Research design is the overall strategy that researcher choose to integrate distinct
components of study in logical and coherent way. The two types of research design include
quantitative and qualitative research. The qualitative research design is based on collection of
detailed information which is non-numerical data. And quantitative research includes collection
of numerical data. This study will use quantitative research design as it allows investigator to test
the hypothesis by gathering numerical information.
3.2 Setting of the study
Setting of the study is the location where the investigation takes place. In relation to this
study, the research is performed in natural settings. All the data will be collected through internet
as well as by the participants participated in this study.
3.3 Population
Population is referred as the comprehensive group of people with common characteristics.
In context of this particular investigation, the population includes the people who are suffering
from chronic kidney disease and undergoing hemodialysis. The main reason behind selecting this
particular population is that it will help researcher in in analyzing the impact on their quality of
life in a better way.
3.4 Sampling
Sampling is the procedure utilized in statistical analysis where predetermined number of
people are taken from last population. It can be done through using probability and non-
probability sampling method. In probability sampling, chances of each individual of being
selected are equal and in non-probability sampling, the chances of getting selected are not equal.
In this study, researcher will make use of probability sampling method in which stratified
sampling method will be used as in this, the population is divided into strata who share same
characteristics.
3.5 Sampling criteria (inclusion and exclusion)
Sampling criteria is defined as the essential characteristics of respondents like ability to
write and read responses on the instruments of data collection. At time of collecting sample, it is
ensured that all the individuals who are selected as respondents are the patients of chronic kidney
6

disease. Apart from this, stratified sampling method is used in the research for collecting sample
size. On the other hand, the exclusion sampling criteria includes that this study not includes
people who are suffering from other diseases and the other types of sampling methods are not
included in the study.
3.6 Sample and its’ size
Simple is the set of people selected from the population. In this particular study, the
selected sample size will be 10 respondents who are the patients of chronic kidney disease and
are undergoing hemodialysis.
3.7 Variables
The variable in research study is simply define as the person, thing, phenomena or place
which researcher is trying to measure in some way. There are mainly two types of variables in
the research study including dependent and independent variable. In this particular investigation,
the two variables are quality of life and the patients undergoing hemodialysis.
3.8 Instrument
There are different types of research instruments including survey questionnaire,
observation, interview, case study research, etc. Among all these instruments, this will make use
of questionnaire tool which consists of some questions that require to be answered by
respondents. In this study, the questionnaire will be prepared which consists some questions
associated with the study area so that accurate data can be collected from respondents. The
questionnaire consists of 8 to 10 questions which will be close ended and they will be provided
to people with chronic kidney disease through email to fill the questionnaire appropriately.
3.9 Validity & Reliability
The validity and reliability of research will be maintained by make sure that all the data
gathered will be authentic and taken through authentic sources. In this, fresh information will be
collected by using questionnaire which help in ensuring reliability of data. Apart from this, for
ensuring the validity, the data which is not much older will be considered.
3.10 Pilot Study
Pilot study is the small scale preliminary study performed to evaluate the adverse events,
cost, feasibility, duration and enhance upon design of study prior to performance of full scale
7

investigation process. In this research, pilot study will be conducted to examine feasibility of
approach which is intended to utilize in large scale investigation.
3.11 Data Collection Procedure
Data collection can be describing as the process of collecting and gathering information
from different sources in order to take better and accurate decision. It is essential for the
investigator to have consider research methodology for collecting accurate information from
various sources in proper and accurate manner. Data can be collected by utilising primary and
secondary methods of data collection. In primary data collection, first hand data will be gathered
and in secondary method of collecting data, second hand information is collected. This study
makes use of both types of data collection methods in which primary data will be gathered
through questionnaire and secondary data by using articles, journals and books. Selection of both
the methods of data collection will help in acquiring adequate amount of information about the
study area.
3.12 Plan for Data Analysis
Data analysis plan is defined as the roadmap for the way researcher is going to organize as
well analyses survey data. The data will be analyzed by using quantitative data analysis method
in order to interpret the outcomes of research effectively.
3.13 Ethical Consideration
Some of the ethical considerations will require to be considered by investigator. This
includes taking informed consent of participants prior to involve them in research. It is very
necessary to ask the respondents to fill consent form for ensuring their participation in research.
Apart from this, maintaining privacy and confidentiality of data is also very necessary while
performing the investigation.
CHAPTER 4 DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
The data will be analysed by using quantitative data analysis method in which thematic
analysis will be use to analyse the data. Based on that, the outcomes of the research will be
drawn.
8

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Goodkin, D.A., Bieber, B., Jadoul, M., Martin, P., Kanda, E. and Pisoni, R.L., 2017. Mortality,
hospitalization, and quality of life among patients with hepatitis C infection on
hemodialysis. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 12(2), pp.287-
297.
Zazzeroni, L., Pasquinelli, G., Nanni, E., Cremonini, V. and Rubbi, I., 2017. Comparison of
quality of life in patients undergoing hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis: a systematic
review and meta-analysis. Kidney and Blood Pressure Research, 42(4), pp.717-727.
Bujang, M.A., Musa, R., Liu, W.J., Chew, T.F., Lim, C.T. and Morad, Z., 2015. Depression,
anxiety and stress among patients with dialysis and the association with quality of
life. Asian journal of psychiatry, 18, pp.49-52.
Rostami, F., Ramezani Badr, F., Amini, K. and Pezeshki, A., 2015. Effect of a self-care
educational program based on Orem's model on stress in patients undergoing
hemodialysis. Preventive Care in Nursing & Midwifery Journal, 5(1), pp.13-22.
Chung, Y.C., Yeh, M.L. and Liu, Y.M., 2017. Effects of intradialytic exercise on the physical
function, depression and quality of life for haemodialysis patients: a systematic review
and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials. Journal of clinical nursing, 26(13-14),
pp.1801-1813.
Online
Pinter, J. and et.al, 2020. Sodium, volume and pressure control in haemodialysis patients for
improved cardiovascular outcomes. Nephrology Dialysis
Transplantation, 35(Supplement_2), pp.ii23-ii30.
Buckley, N.A., and et.al., 2020. Haemodialysis for lithium poisoning: Translating EXTRIP
recommendations into practical guidelines. British Journal of Clinical
Pharmacology, 86(5), pp.999-1006.
Delmas, P., and et.al, 2020. A comparative descriptive analysis of perceived quality of caring
attitudes and behaviours between haemodialysis patients and their nurses. Nursing
Open, 7(2), pp.563-570.
The impact on quality of life of dialysis patients with renal insufficiency, 2018. [Online].
Available through: < https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5916456/ >
9