This report provides a comprehensive overview of quantitative research methods in social sciences. It identifies and explains the four levels of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio) with examples for each. The report defines and differentiates between measures of central tendency (mean, mode, median) and measures of dispersion (variance, standard deviation). It elucidates the difference between descriptive and inferential statistics, highlighting their respective roles in data summarization and hypothesis testing. Key statistical terms such as hypothesis, null hypothesis, independent and dependent variables, and extraneous variables are explained. Finally, the report includes an interpretation of SPSS output, covering frequency tables, cross-tabulation, Chi-square results, and Phi/Cramer’s V, providing insights into data analysis and hypothesis validation. Desklib offers students access to similar solved assignments and resources for academic support.