Critique of Two Quantitative Research Articles: Online Shopping

This report provides a critical analysis of two quantitative research articles focusing on online shopping behavior. The first article, "Effect of Consumer Demographics and Risk Factors on Online Purchase Behaviour in Malaysia," examines the influence of age and perceived risks on online purchas...Read More

Critique for the 2
Quantitative articles

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY.......................................................................................................................................3
ARTICLE 1 .........................................................................................................................................3
“Effect of Consumer Demographics and Risk Factors on Online Purchase Behaviour in
Malaysia”.........................................................................................................................................3
What is research and hypothesis being tested.................................................................................3
What is relevant research paradigm? ..............................................................................................4
How was the data collected, what approach did they use to collect this data? ...............................4
What statistical tests did they carry out? Explain what tests examined & overall purpose . ..........4
Key findings ....................................................................................................................................4
Limitations from article ..................................................................................................................5
Article 2 ...............................................................................................................................................5
“Consumer buying behaviour towards online shopping: An empirical study on Dhaka city,
Bangladesh”.....................................................................................................................................5
What is research and hypothesis being tested..................................................................................5
CONCLUSION ...................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES.....................................................................................................................................8
Books & Journal: ............................................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
The business report is critical to be executed in well organised way to achieve benefits.
Main aim of this report is to understand the qualitative articles through accessing to brief overview.
This report comprises of two articles of different focused areas. It consists of research definition,
hypothesis, research paradigm, sample population, way of sampling, constraints, data collection
method, tests, key findings and limitations from article.
MAIN BODY
ARTICLE 1
“Effect of Consumer Demographics and Risk Factors on Online Purchase Behaviour in Malaysia”
What is research and hypothesis being tested
A research refers to accessing to study of a particular and identifying a problem. In research,
hypothesis refers to answering of a question which have been set. In this article, research is being
tested through properly accessing to hypothesis questions. For example- first hypothesis states that
age has negative effect on online purchase behaviour among online shoppers in Malaysia. For
example- in article table 1 depicts about variable of perceived risk in past studies that approves the
hypothesis. The article shows that customers are afraid of risks doing online purchase due to higher
risk involved in it. Customers activities and behaviour changes when shopping is done online (Aji,
(2020)).
What is relevant research paradigm?
A research paradigm refers to shared belief among members of, speciality area. It is crucial
to access these paradigm in proper manner. So, this article focused on two paradigm that are
discussed as follows-
Positivism- In this, it focuses on being confident about something and it focuses on concept
that knowledge m comes from studying traits. This article research has assumption that knowledge
is flexible with time period (Alam, 2020)).
Interpretivism- It is another related philosophical ideology which focuses on idea that
people are creative in actions and develop their own social world. With reference of this article it
depicts about people behaviour that is triggered by new change such as new online shopping. This
is to be viewed as most appropriate form of paradigm of the research.
Who was sampling population

The sampling in population was people who shop online more and spend time on internet
more.
How was the sampling done, whether it was random or not?
The sampling was done through probability sampling in which method which was used is
random sampling. The sampling was random as it helps in accessing to each sample in equal
manner.
How was the data collected, what approach did they use to collect this data?
Data was collected through secondary information as analysis has been made and approach
for which data was collected is magazines and newspapers. Through accessing to secondary source
of information, it was was to examine the consumer behaviour and impact of internet (Amirtha,
(2021).
What statistical tests did they carry out? Explain what tests examined & overall purpose .
In this article research, Z-test was used as it help in analysing and determining of two
population means are different when variances are known and size of sample is large. Main aim of
this test is to analyse and validate a hypothesis that sample drawn belongs to same population.
Key findings
After reviewing of article it is being examined that there are some key findings of this article
which are given as follow-
 Consumers behaviour and attitude changes from time to time.
 The use of internet is impacting purchasing decision of consumers and which also leads to
future problems and issues.
 Another key finding is that it article gives a brief information about change of retailing
sector and use of digital marketing (Hashim, (2020).
Limitations from article
From the review of article, it is analysed that there are few limitation of this article which
are given as follow-
 This research article does not gives statistic about current data of online shoppers which are
important for hypothesis.
 Another limitation is that the past data is being used in article and less provide information
about impact of COVID19 on online shoppers.

Article 2
“Consumer buying behaviour towards online shopping: An empirical study on Dhaka city,
Bangladesh”
What is research and hypothesis being tested
In this article, research is based on behaviour of consumers towards online shopping in
Bangladesh. It gives a brief introduction about how online shopping impacts on behaviour of
consumers. It is being examined that in this study 160 respondents have been undertaken and
questionnaire has been prepared from Dhaka city. With this fast changing market, it has become
crucial to access the ease mode of purchase and save time. So, with this thought most of people
purchases online. In this second article no hypothesis has been made (Mahalder, (2020).
What is relevant research paradigm?
There are several kind of research paradigm as they assist in analysing the relevancy of
research. In reference of this article it pays attention on positivism paradigm. This research
paradigm is relevant to the research.
Who was sampling population
In this research, sampling population was of 160 of Dhaka City. With help of this sampling
population, it is easy to gain information about the research article.
How was the sampling done, whether it was random or not?
The sampling was done by using random method as in this 160o respondents have taken to
prepare questionnaire.
How was the data collected, what approach did they use to collect this data?
For this research article, the data was collected and gathered through accessing to primary
sources. Main reason for using of this data was to collect credential in timely and effective manner.
In relation of this article, information was easily achieved (Nawi. (2019).
What statistical tests did they carry out? Explain what tests examined & overall purpose
In this research, Chi-square test has been used in which it depicts and allows us to test and
analyse whether observed proportions for categorical variables different from hypothesized
proportion or not.
Key findings

From the article finding has been made which are given as follows-
 The key findings about the article has been made that trust ans quality has been important
for customers when online slopping is preferred.
 Further finding is that it is the taste of customers changes as their perception changes.
Limitations from article
Main drawback of this article is that is that in this primary source of method has been used
and every individual perception is different from each other (Park. (2020).

CONCLUSION
After a brief analysis of above report, it has been concluded that it is essential to focus on
change market situations so that appropriate perceptions are made. So, discussions have been made
about two different articles and questions have been answered accordingly. Thus, it has been
evaluated that it is critically crucial for individual to have knowledge of e-commerce and use of
digital business so that benefits are achieved in appropriate manner.

REFERENCES
Books & Journal:
Aji, (2020). COVID-19 and e-wallet usage intention: A multigroup analysis between Indonesia and
Malaysia. Cogent Business & Management, 7(1), 1804181.
Alam, (2020). The effect of service quality on customer loyalty of Generation Y–An empirical
investigation on superstores in Bangladesh. Malaysian Management Journal, 22, 153-173.
Amirtha, (2021). Influence of Perceived Risk Dimensions on e-Shopping Behavioural Intention
among Women—A Family Life Cycle Stage Perspective. Journal of Theoretical and
Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 16(3), 320-355.
Hashim, (2020). Grab Pay App: The Factors Influencing Tourists’ Behavioural Intention-to-Use.
Journal of Talent Development and Excellence, 12(3s), 820-828.
Mahalder, (2020). Factors Influencing Consumer Perception Regarding Cosmetics Purchase: A
study on Bangladeshi consumers.
Nawi. (2019). Effect of Consumer Demographics and Risk Factors on Online Purchase Behaviour
in Malaysia. Societies, 9(1), 10.
Park. (2020). The positivism paradigm of research. Academic Medicine, 95(5), 690-694.
Rahim, (2020). E-Tourism: Malaysian travellers intention in online accommodation booking.
Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal, 5(SI1), 195-201.
Rahman, (2018). Consumer buying behavior towards online shopping: An empirical study on
Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Cogent Business & Management, 5(1), 1514940.