Quantitative Research on Smoking's Health Impact: LSST College, 2022

This report presents a quantitative research study conducted to investigate the impact of smoking on the health of individuals in the UK. The study aimed to identify health challenges faced by smokers, examine the reasons for starting smoking, and analyze measures adopted to quit smoking. A questionnaire was designed and administered to 20 respondents, collecting data on gender, age, smoking habits, and health-related questions. The research employed a quantitative methodology, utilizing SPSS for data analysis. The findings revealed relationships between gender and health challenges, as well as age group and health issues. The report includes frequency tables, cross-tabulations, and chi-square analysis to support the interpretations. The discussion section explores the themes derived from the data, and recommendations are provided based on the research outcomes. The study concludes that smoking has a significant impact on health and that quitting smoking is seen as a positive option for many. The research was conducted as part of the LC572 Quantitative Research Methods for Social Scientists module at LSST College in 2022.

RESEARCH METHODS
FOR SOCIAL SCIENTISTS
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ABSTRACT
The major purpose to conduct the research is to identify the impact of smoking on the health
of the individual. In this research researcher will try to obtain their objective which are to
identify the health challenges faced by an individual due to smoking, to examine the reason why
people, start smoking, to analyse the measure to adopted by the smokers to quit smoking. In this
research researcher will be collecting primary data so that fresh information can be acquired. To
analyse the raw data SPSS tool has been used. Thus, the current investigation will help in
identifying the negative impact of smoking.
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INTRODUCTION
Overview of the topic
Smoking is a habit of inhaling and exhaling the smoke. It is an action where individual
take the smoke of tobacco. The smoke is being inhale using cigarette, cigar or pipe. It is being
identify in various study that smoking has negative impact on the health of the person. There is
various problem that can be faced if a person smokes too much. Some of them are cancer, heart
disease, lungs problem, COPD and many more (Ellis, 2018). Even it is being analysed that
smoking crates breathing problem in an individual. Regular smoking addict the person which
affect their mental and physical health in large extent.
Research rational
The main rational behind conducting the above investigation is to gain detailed
understanding about the impact of smoking on the health band wealth of an individual. This
research will also highlight the major challenges and the reason of smoking. The current
investigation is also quite significant in attaining two objective which are personal and
professional. In respect to the personal objective this research will develop SPSS skill in me
which helps me in analysing the data. On the other hand, with respect to professional objective
the current research will build my professional career in the field of data analytics.
Research aim
To identify the impact of smoking on the health of an individual: “A study on UK people”.
Research objective
 To identify the health challenges faced by an individual due to smoking
 To examine the reason why people, start smoking
 To analyse the measure to adopted by the smokers to quit smoking
Research question
 What are the health challenges faced by an individual due to smoking?
 What are the reason why people start smoking?
 What are the measure to adopted by the smokers to quit smoking?
Research hypothesis:
Null hypothesis (H0): There is no impact of smoking on health of an individual.
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Alternative hypothesis (H1): There is an impact of smoking on health of an individual.
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LITERATURE REVIEW
What are the health challenges faced by an individual due to smoking?
As per the view of Trevisan, et. al., (2020), inhaling smoke cause various health challenges
in a person. This impact the wealth of the person in negative manner. Excessive smoking causes
lungs problem in human body and the problem of breathing start rising in them. the life
expectation of the person reduces and the quality of life they live is worst. Smoking also crate the
issue of cancer in human body. Cancer in a person can be occurs in lips, mouth, throat and many
other. Another challenges faced by smoking is heart disease and stroke. The cardiovascular
diseases in a person rise which cause the problem of attack. Blood clots increases and the
circulation of blood in a body become irregular.
What are the reason why people start smoking?
According to Mironov, et. al., (2020), it is identified that most people begin smoking in
their teenage. It is also recorded that when an individual's parents or friends smoke then there are
more chances that will start smoking in comparison of who do not. Generally, there are five
major reasons that make people start smoking which are: peer pressure, media influence, parental
influence, stress factors and genetic factors. There are many teenagers who commence smoke
because it is just a method to rebel against their family or parents. Many people face and feel
pressure because their friends smoke to appear and act cool.
What are the measure to adopted by the smokers to quit smoking?
As per the opinion of Mima, et. al., (2022), smoking is considered as one of the bad habits.
There are many ways that are generally adopted by smokers to quit smoking such as trying
nicotine replacement theory, avoiding triggers, chewing on it, indulging into physical activities,
practising relaxation techniques, going online for support and many more. An individual who
continuously smoke and wants to quit then they start writing down or saying out loud the main
reasons of stopping smoking and resisting tobacco cravings. Thus, they focus more on feeling
better, getting healthier version, saving more funds and many more.
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METHODOLOGY
Research methodology is the chapter which helps the investigator to identify, analyse and
interpret information as per their chosen topic. There are various ways which helps the
researcher to gather and analyse information. In the current investigation researcher has chosen
quantitative research method. The reason for this is it helps in gathering and analysing numerical
information in less time and cost. Collecting quantitative data is quite easier as compared to other
source and measuring numerical information is also easier. In this research, investigator has
selected positivism philosophy because it will help in knowing the pattern and trend of smoking
among the individual (Baron, 2019). To test the hypothesis researcher has chosen deductive
approach. The reason for this is it helps in testing existing hypothesis with the help of
quantitative data. there is various research strategy to gather data some of them are survey, case
study, experimental research and many more. In the present investigation the selected strategy is
survey as it collects data in large amount and from mass population (Smyth, 2020). Collecting
information through this strategy is cost effective (Shelton, Haynes and Creghan, 2018). Primary
data is the first hand information which is collected by researcher and secondary data is the
second hand information which is gather by various second hand sources. In the existing
research primary data will be collected so that right information according to the current time can
be accumulated. The data analysis technique is SPSS and the sample size is 20 respondents.
Sample are being selected on the basis of convenience sampling method (Kaur and Nagaich,
2019).
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RESULTS
Mean, median, Mode and standard deviation table of the collected data
Frequency distribution table
Interpretation: From the above gather data it is being interpreted that the information is
gathered from total 20 participants out of which 10 respondents are male and the other 10 are
female. The average means is 1.5 which indicate the out of each 10 respondents 5 are male and 5
are female due to equal number of male and female participants.
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Interepretaion: With the accumualted piece of infortmation it is accumuklated that the
data is collected from the age between 26 to 53. Out of which the majoirty of particapnts are
from 27, 30,31,35 and 44. The measn is 36.5 which indicate the avearge age of the partacipnts
are bwteen 36 to 37. The maximum nyuber of partcipants is from 27 age.
Interepetaion: From the assemble information it is discussed that out of 20 participants
13 answer yes that they smoke and remaining 7 is of the view that they never did smoking. the
mode of the given variable is 1 which indicate that the major number of respondent belong to yes
category. The standard deviation is 7.85 which means that the average men can vary from 7.85
times.
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Interpretation: With the gathered information, it is analysed that most of the respondent
do smoking on frequent basis. The mode of the data is 1 which means out of 20 participants 11
belong to category one which is frequent manner. The range of the data is 2 which indicate the
upper and lower limit of the variable lies at 2.
Interpretation: With the accumulated information it is analysed that out of 20
respondents 45 percent of the participants answer that smoking causes health challenge and rest
55 percent says no there is no health challenges that is caused by smoking. The median of the
data is two which indicate the mid value of the series is in number 2 position. It is also seen that
the mode of the question is 2 which means the maximum number of applicants answer no.
Interpretation: From the above table it is analysed that out of 20 participant’s maximum
number of applicants answer no that their doctor never told them to reduce smoking. And 9
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participants answer that their doctor advise them to quit smoking. The average means of the
collected data as per the question is 1.55 and the range is 1.
Interpretation: With the accumulated piece of information, it is interpreted that there is equal
response for the question that environment is affected by the smoking behaviour of the human.
The average means for the question is 1.5 and the mode 1 is multiple which is equal weightage
for both 1 and 2. The standard deviation is .51 which means that the average mean value can
vary from 0.51.
Interpretation: With the extracted piece of data using questionnaire it is interpreted that
maximum number of participant is of the opinion that association can effect smoking behaviour.
14 participants are of the view that yes association of smoking affect the attitude and behaviour
of the human in large manner. and rest 6 says it does not affect anyone’s behaviour. The mean
values of the association are 1.3 and the standard deviation in comparison to average means is
0.47.
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Interpretation: With the assemble data it is discussed that many people think that quitting
smoking will be great option for them as it will help them to mitigate all those health problem
which may cause due to smoking. Out of 20 participants 15 answers yes for the question that
whether quitting smoking is good option and remaining 5 answer no that it is not at all a good
idea. The mean value for this question is 1.25 and the standard deviations .444
Interpretation: From the above table it is also concluded that 11 participants try to quit smoking
and the 9 did not even try to reduce the consumption of smoking. The 11 participants try to quit
smoking because they are aware of the consequences that will be faced by them due to inhaling
the Tabaco and cigar. To mitigate the health challenges that they will face they took a try to stop
exhaling the ass of cigarettes. Remaining do not try because they cannot live without smoking so
this the reason they did not even try.
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