BTEC HND Quantity Surveying: Roles and Responsibilities Report, 2021

This report, submitted by a BTEC HND student in Quantity Surveying, delves into the multifaceted roles and responsibilities of a Quantity Surveyor within the construction industry. It begins by defining the construction industry and different types of Quantity Surveyors, comparing the roles of professional and main contractor surveyors, and analyzing their professional status. The report then examines the Quantity Surveyor's role in the feasibility stages, interactions with the design team, and tender and procurement strategies. Further sections detail the Quantity Surveyor's involvement during the construction phase, including financial control, valuation, and contract administration activities. The report also covers pre-contract administration and budget control, offering a comprehensive overview of the Quantity Surveyor's impact throughout the project lifecycle. The report includes various tasks and subtasks, describing and analyzing different aspects of the Quantity Surveyor's job.

Role and responsibilities of a Quantity Surveyor 1
Role and responsibilities of a Quantity
Surveyor
By Nuwantha Lakpriya
BTEC HND in Quantity Surveying
Lecturer Ms. Imasha Perera
Unit 7- Quantity Surveying Practice
Colombo School of Construction Technology
10/12/2021

Role and responsibilities of a Quantity Surveyor 2
Table of Contents
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................3
What is the construction industry................................................................................................................3
Task 1..........................................................................................................................................................4
P1 Describe the different types of quantity surveyors and their role within a project..............................4
M1 Compare the roles of the professional quantity surveyor and the main contractor’s quantity
surveyor...................................................................................................................................................5
D1 Analyze the professional status of a quantity surveyor in terms of the benefits that this brings to the
role..........................................................................................................................................................6
Task 2..........................................................................................................................................................7
P3 Describe the role of the quantity surveyor in the feasibility stages of a project..................................7
M2 Analyze the interactions between the design team and the quantity surveyor...................................8
D2 Evaluate the role of the quantity surveyor in defining tender and procurement strategies.................8
Task 3..........................................................................................................................................................9
P5 Describe the role of the quantity surveyor during the construction phase...........................................9
M3 Explain the relationship between financial control and valuation...................................................10
P6 Discuss the contract administration activities of a quantity surveyor during construction................11
Task 4........................................................................................................................................................12
P7 Discuss the pre-contract administration of a project.........................................................................12
M4 Explain how a client’s budget for a project can be controlled.........................................................13
P8 Describe how a project is financially controlled...............................................................................14
References.................................................................................................................................................15

Role and responsibilities of a Quantity Surveyor 3
Introduction
What is the construction industry
What is the definition of "Construction Industry"?
The construction industry refers to the process by which a project is completed. Specifically, this
includes the process that starts with estimating what will be needed and continues through the
building, overseeing construction, and finally demolition. The objective of this industry is to
create buildings that are constructed with care for those who use them or are responsible for their
maintenance. It may also concern itself with creating temporary shelters or other facilities on
which people rely during an emergency situation, such as an earthquake or flood (no author,
2017).
The construction industry can be broken down into five different segments including:
- Residential
- Commercial
- Industrial
- Utility and Transportation & Public Facilities.
Each of these segments are further broken down into more specific aspects of construction.
Under the residential segment, there is the residential new construction, residential remodeling
and additions, and residential specialties. The same goes for the commercial segment.
Some specific job titles include but are not limited to:
- Construction Supervisor
- Construction Estimator
- General Contractor
-Quantity Surveyor (QS)

Role and responsibilities of a Quantity Surveyor 4
The processes involved with each of these job titles can be very similar in that they all have to do
with creative problem solving, complex planning, and careful administration. Each different job
title may also have specific requirements associated with them.
A Construction Supervisor takes the lead of all people in a construction site but does not
necessarily have to be responsible for completing the work.
The following are some specific skills a Quantity Surveyor (QS) may need:
- Good Communication Skills
Having good communication skills is essential in any type of job. However, in the construction
industry it is even more important to ensure that those who work under understand instructions
clearly and accomplish their tasks to completion without confusion. It is also important to be able
to communicate quickly and efficiently in such a way that everyone understands what each
person involved with a task needs to do. Following these instructions is important to prevent
incorrect work from occurring.
- Teamwork
A Quantity Surveyor needs to be a good team player in order to make sure that everyone does
their part and no one goes without helping where needed. A team player may be someone with
other good leadership skills or a person who is very skilled at completing tasks. It is important
for the construction employer to know whether or not you can work well with others in this field
as it will help ensure the smooth process of the project getting done on time, in a reliable manner,
and with few complications.
Task 1
P1 Describe the different types of quantity surveyors and their role within a project.
A Quantity Surveyor is a profession that involves carrying out field surveys and meetings with
clients so they can provide their input on the estimates. This is then used by the Quantity

Role and responsibilities of a Quantity Surveyor 5
Surveyor to construct an estimate which has been agreed with the client, but also means that they
are educating them on what role they have in the estimation process.
In order to carry out these tasks successfully, there are certain skills and duties of a Quantity
Surveyor which must be adhered to; for example, negotiation skills, negotiating power when
dealing with clients and understanding how prices were calculated. In addition to this duties
include keeping records of what has been agreed upon so that everything is transparent in case
something goes wrong or needs to be changed later on if needed. Once the price has been agreed,
it’s then down to the Quantity Surveyor to produce the final estimate which includes details of all
the relevant costs.
It is also important for them to have good communication and interpersonal skills because they
are dealing with clients on a daily basis and need to be able to communicate effectively with
them. These skills will also help when they are dealing with other professionals such as
architects, engineers, and builders. Great attention to detail is another attribute would-be
Quantity Surveyors should have because they will be required to make sure that they do not miss
anything in their calculations no matter how small the item may seem at first.
They also have to be able to work well with other professionals, as they will all be involved in
the estimation process at some stage and need to ensure that they are consistent with their duties.
Therefore if one partner is not on site when the other partner is, it is important for them to
coordinate their actions so that there is no confusion (no author, 2022).
M1 Compare the roles of the professional quantity surveyor and the main contractor’s
quantity surveyor
Although the two types of surveyors are similar in some respects, they differ in others. For
example, the professional surveyor would be expected to offer written reports and statistical
analysis; it would also be helpful for them to have training in engineering or construction
The main contractor’s quantity surveyor would be making measurements throughout the course
of construction, rather than at its end. He or she will use hand-held measuring instruments as
well as a NorSapod or a traverse angle plate and accuracy checker to ensure that construction
tolerances remain within industry standard requirements. The contractor's quantity surveyor will
also support ongoing monitoring throughout the project.
The professional quantity surveyor will also be involved in the investigation and reporting of any
non-conformances, issues or defects.
The main contractor’s quantity surveyor uses a Level One skill set, which is also referred to as
‘Standard Quantity’. It is an important skill set to be able to carry out at the end of the project.
This Level One skill set covers measuring, plotting and data recording in different scales (either
metric or imperial). It enables a contractor’s quantity surveyor to prepare detailed plans and

Role and responsibilities of a Quantity Surveyor 6
records for the relevant amount of materials. Credit for this skill set would be taken by using 5
levels from ITQS practitioner level 1 through to QS128.
The professional quantity surveyor uses a Level Two skill set, which is also referred to as
‘Professional Quantity’. This is the 'traditional' standard quantity skill set, in a sense it could be
considered as 'higher' level than the Level One skill set. This level covers reading and
interpreting plans and records, and working in different scales (metric or imperial). This level
enables the professional quantity surveyor to prepare detailed plans and records for the relevant
amounts of materials through to Level 127.
Credit for this skill set would be taken by using 5 levels from ITQS practitioner level 2 through
to QS128. The number of levels available depends on which scale recording you are measuring
in.
The professional quantity surveyor uses a Level Three skill set, which is also referred to as
'Advanced Quantity’. This level covers reading, interpreting and analyzing plans and records in
different scales (metric or imperial). It enables the professional quantity surveyor to prepare
detailed plans and records for the relevant amounts of materials through to Level 127.
Credit for this skill set would be taken by using 5 levels from ITQS practitioner level 3 through
to QS128. The number of levels available depends on which scale recording they are measuring
in (Abdulla, 2018).
D1 Analyze the professional status of a quantity surveyor in terms of the benefits that this
brings to the role
A quantity surveyor is a professional who specializes in assessing the costs of construction
projects. They are usually employed by contractors, consultants, or design firms to carry out cost
estimating on projects.
Quantity surveyors have an important job in the world of civil engineering. They are often in
charge of estimating the cost and time required for construction projects, weighing up various
options available to contractors, and advising clients on their feasibility.
The benefits that come with being a professional quantity surveyor are plentiful indeed –
obviously, the profession demands analytical thinking skills which is critical for most civil
engineering jobs today, but more importantly, it offers great autonomy and opportunity for
advancement. Quantity surveyors of today should not be underestimated as they have a vital role
in the development of the economy.
The role of a quantity surveyor in the construction industry can be thought of as that of an
“engineer without peer” - and indeed this is true. The role required is independent and analytical,
but it can also involve a great deal of temporary management.

Role and responsibilities of a Quantity Surveyor 7
A professional quantity surveyor works for his own account, with his own clients and so he will
often have to arrange many meetings and materials in order to get an estimate done correctly.
Although this part of the job may sound tedious in practice it usually allows for a lot more
independence than working for someone else (No author, 2015).
Task 2
P3 Describe the role of the quantity surveyor in the feasibility stages of a project
A quantity surveyor is a professional appointed to oversee or provide estimates of construction
costs and materials on a given project. Quantity surveyors are typically hired by engineering
consultants. However, many self-employed professionals also act as quantity surveyors.
A quantity surveyor can play an important role in the feasibility stages of a project. Quantity
surveys aid in the decision-making process by giving insight into how much money will be
needed to complete the project, what will be done with any extra funds, and what might happen
if additional time or funds become available during or after construction.
A quantity surveyor can help you assess the viability of a project. Their job is to charge in, liaise
with the client, work out if it’s possible to do the task in hand for an amount that isn’t ludicrous.
The quantity surveyor is also responsible for keeping track of the project budget, which is an
important part of many feasibility studies. The quantity surveyor’s financial management can
greatly affect the outcome of the project, so they have an important role in many feasibility
studies.
A quantity surveyor may play a role in the project planning and design stages as well, depending
on their experience level and their office’s policies. They may work closely with the architect
and other project members throughout all phases of the project life cycle. In some projects,
quantity surveys’ roles are very clear cut; there is a set contract or agreement that defines exactly
what qualities or services a quantity surveyor will provide for a given fee (No author, 2015).

Role and responsibilities of a Quantity Surveyor 8
M2 Analyze the interactions between the design team and the quantity surveyor.
An interaction between a design team and the production or quantity surveyor is one that
involves the exchange of activities, products, services or knowledge. Therefore interactions are
usually classified as either "interchanging" between two parties where each party contributes to
the other party's workload, or "jointly exchanging" between two parties where there is no net
increase in workload for one of the partners (Alake, 2019).
The difference between interchangeability and jointers in work has been discussed by many
authors. In general, interchangeability results from a fixed effort situation with specific activities
executed by one partner rather than on behalf of both partners. Under this circumstance, jointers
is the preferred approach given that it will result in the sharing of effort between the participants.
However, if jointers would result in a net decrease in net workload then interchangeability will
be preferred (author, 2021).
D2 Evaluate the role of the quantity surveyor in defining tender and procurement
strategies
The role of the quantity surveyor in defining tender and procurement strategies.
A number of methods have been used over time to gather information about the movement of
materials, and these are referred to as quantity surveys. Quantities surveys entail various process
for gathering data to determine what is in a defined space and over what period of time. These
types of surveys are done by sector at various levels and by different statistical agencies such as
The Eurostat, The World Bank, and the United Kingdom Office for National Statistics (ONS).
These surveys have served to improve the ability of organizations to procure materials in a cost
effective manner. They have also been vital in defining the utilization of materials; and identify
areas where more procurement is needed.
This article will explain why a quantity survey is vital and how it can be used to define
procurement strategies as well as determine which construction or maintenance project is most
suitable for a particular mineral.
In order for an organization to function properly it requires various levels of raw materials, and
materials which are not constantly available from outside sources must be manufactured by the

Role and responsibilities of a Quantity Surveyor 9
organization itself through a process referred to as procurement. This process occurs in order to
meet the demand for the various services which are provided by the organization. These services
include:
In order for organizations to meet the demand for their services, the organization must first be
able to identify what materials are needed and the appropriate quantities in order to accomplish
the organization's goals. This process is referred to as a quantity survey. The quantity surveyor is
responsible for collecting data required in order to determine the quantities of materials that are
needed. These surveys are also responsible for determining whether or not a certain product can
be produced from a specific type of raw material, as well as which raw material is most suitable
for production.
To understand how these surveys work it is important to first understand how data collection
methods differ once an entity reaches a certain level of operation or production. There are many
different methods of data collection used in the manufacturing sector (Anon., 2018).
Task 3
P5 Describe the role of the quantity surveyor during the construction phase
Before construction begins, the quantity surveyor will decide how many materials are needed to
complete the project. They will then estimate how much time is needed for each of these items
and add up the total hours of labor. If a team of people will be working on a project, they will
introduce them and assign a job to each individual. During production, they regularly check in
with the workers to ensure that everything is progressing smoothly and that any problems are
being addressed.
At the end of construction, it is up to the quantity surveyor to complete accounting for all costs
incurred in building that specific project; this includes how much money was spent on materials
like lumber or bricks as well as more abstract concepts like overhead costs for example. The
purpose of this accounting is to determine how much money was spent for each specific project,
giving a clear picture of how much was spent overall.
If a builder uses contract labor, the quantity surveyor will document how many hours were
worked and the hourly wage. This is done to show that the labor is being paid fairly.

Role and responsibilities of a Quantity Surveyor 10
If there are any construction problems (either with materials or people), they will be noted on a
logbook and adjusted as necessary. The quantity surveyor will also invite the general contractor
to review the logbook after construction is complete so that problems can be addressed properly.
Once construction is complete, the quantity surveyor will submit a final checklist that identifies
any items that still need to be completed. This may include minor repairs or maybe even
additional work on other areas of the building. If this information goes above and beyond what
should be expected, it may require a new bid for services (Rawlinsons, 2018).
M3 Explain the relationship between financial control and valuation
Financial control is the process of managing and maintaining a construction project's budget to
avoid overspending or delays in payments. The process of financial control also includes
providing accountability and evaluating a project against cost, schedule, and quality
requirements. Project managers track costs throughout the project lifecycle by regularly claiming
construction on budget, by tracking progress against financial projections, analyzing variance
reports for deviations from established cost estimates, or by producing profit or loss statements at
the end of each cycle. Management can also evaluate strategies for future projects based on past
performance data.
The purpose of financial control is to have effective oversight over the project's overall financial
health. A well-maintained project budget helps a construction company avoid delays in payment,
while maintaining the schedule by avoiding cost overruns. Financial control also helps a
contractor comply with contractual requirements and any applicable regulations.
In the early stages of construction, progress payments may be based on productivity because it is
difficult to obtain an accurate picture of the cost to complete actual work. Subcontractors may be
paid as soon as they complete specified portions of the work, which makes them more willing to
continue performing when they know that they will be paid for hours worked. By measuring
productivity, contractors can also determine if subcontractors are operating efficiently.
Progress payments also provide a construction company with the incentive to complete portions
of the work productively. The sooner that a project management team can receive payment, the
more money the company will have to continue spending on the project. This gives management
greater incentive to spend funds prudently and strategically since they know that their project
budgets will only go so far. If a company makes excellent progress on its work, it will be
recognized by customers as an efficient firm (Price, 2006).
Financial control helps managers and owners understand how costs and revenues relate to each
other in a particular situation.

Role and responsibilities of a Quantity Surveyor 11
P6 Discuss the contract administration activities of a quantity surveyor during
construction
What are the contract administration activities of a quantity surveyor during construction?
At the beginning of any construction project, the project owner needs to enter into contracts with
suppliers to provide materials or services necessary for completing the project on time and within
budget. In order to have legally binding agreements in place, all business documents must be
written, commented upon (by lawyers), translated into English, approved by parties involved in
the contract process at hand (e.g. management of the project owner, architect, and designers,
quantity surveyor, and others), sealed (approved) and signed by legally authorized individuals.
This process is known as contract administration and is carried out by a team of professionals
including the quantity surveyor.
Contractor management
A good example of contract administration on a large project is the construction of the World
Trade Centre buildings in New York City. When an agreement was made between parties to
proceed with the construction, the first task for a quantity surveyor was to identify potential
contractors that would have sufficient personnel, equipment, resources, and readiness to take on
this job which at its peak involved 6 500 workers. Each of these contractors was assigned a
prime number based on their ability to complete the construction in accordance with the contract
terms and conditions, and each was notified that it would be given a suitable bidding position, or
rank, for the project. Once this was accomplished, it became possible for additional contractors'
bids to be considered which lead to more bidders being assigned additional prime numbers.
Increasing the competition between bidders
The original authors of this concept were David M. Heber and Roger J. Clough who proposed an
attitude theory called "bidding auction". In a bidding auction, suppliers express offers in response
to specific requests by buyer’s request.

Role and responsibilities of a Quantity Surveyor 12
Task 4
P7 Discuss the pre-contract administration of a project
What is the pre-contract administration of a project?
In the construction industry, there are four main contract types that contractors or building
owners use for their projects. They are fixed price, lump sum, progress payment and time-and-
materials. Each contract has its own particular legal implications. The pre-contract
administration process is a way to anticipate any issues that may arise before contract signing
day with the contractor or owner and identify what these issues might be.
A problem that many businesses encounter is not being able to find an employer willing to work
on their construction project and then having to pay someone else exorbitant fees in order for
them to do so. Many businesses find that they have to use the services of a pre-contract
administration company because they are inexperienced in the construction industry and cannot
conduct the pre-contract administration themselves. Another problem that some businesses
experience is finding a contractor whom they can trust. For this reason, many businesses choose
to administer their own contracts, especially if it is a one-time project.
Some things to consider before choosing a pre-contract administration company are how much
information will be disclosed to them, whether or not comfortable having them conduct the
project, and how much money they want to spend for their services. Pre-contract administration
services range in price from $400 to $2000. Usually, a larger fee means better service. Although
the pre-contract administration of a project can be costly, there are many advantages to it. By
working through a pre-contract administration company, will know exactly what is going on
throughout the entire duration of the project.
The pre-contract administration company will help make informed choices about your
construction project and will do all that they can to ensure that it is completed successfully and
on time.
Another reason why businesses choose to use a pre-contract administration company is that they
have the ability to handle multi-million dollar projects with ease. A lot of businesses choose to
use this type of arrangement because it allows them to stay in business for as long as possible
and have lower liability risks than other business scenarios (Anon., 2020).

Role and responsibilities of a Quantity Surveyor 13
M4 Explain how a client’s budget for a project can be controlled
One of the most frequently used tools to control a client's budget for any construction
project is to provide and execute an estimate and/or bid. Construction estimates and bids
are different, but they share the same goal: controlling a client's final price before work
begins on their project.
Construction Estimates
A construction estimate is an approximation of what it will cost for all labor, material,
equipment, and miscellaneous expenses required for building the house. The builder will
only charge up to the amount covered by the budget once he has finished their specific
job--which is why an accurate estimate can be so important. With an accurate estimate,
they can calculate a bid far more easily than if the only information they had was a
client's general description of their house, what they need it for, and how much they have
to spend. Having accurate information on the costs of building a house will enable you to
make informed decisions about what kind of home they want and help avoid any
problems that may arise with unnecessary costs.
If this is your first time working on a construction project they should talk with others
that have worked in the past before writing an estimate. They can look at other customer
projects, or ask previous employees for their opinions. They may also want to ask the
customer directly about his budget since many people do not like to disclose it before
work has begun.
The main job of the estimator will be to estimate the end cost of the job. They will want
to estimate all labor, material, equipment, and miscellaneous expenses required for
building their project.
Some of these expenses will be fixed (payments on tools, materials, and tools), some
won't (costs that vary depending on the size or complexity of a project). Most projects
have some leftover funds at the end that can be used for unexpected expenses such as
minor repairs and/or contingencies. The amount of money you have left depends on how
many items were not estimated in the original estimate.
How you calculate your bid depends on how accurately they estimated their work as well
as restrictions placed by the client's budget. They will want to either base their bid on the
original estimate or a percentage of that estimate. You can only increase the amount of
money you bid by how much they had left to use for contingencies or for any unforeseen
costs (CIOB, 2021).

Role and responsibilities of a Quantity Surveyor 14
P8 Describe how a project is financially controlled
A construction project is financially controlled by its builder, owner, or sponsor. Funds to
sponsor the project are provided by the financing bank and any lender of the debt. The
construction company or individual typically constructs or buys the real estate (land) first in
order to fund their design and development work. Once a contractor is selected for a particular
job, they will submit their proposal for approval from those who will actually be paying for the
design and development work during construction. An engineer helps define the physical
dimensions of all building parts with less than 12 hours of inspection before site instructions are
given to fully construct a building according to plan specifications. Once the building is fully
assembled and ready to work, the contractor will submit payment from the bank or lender for all
construction work against the estimated value of the land. After receiving a final inspection date,
a building inspector ensures that all members of the construction labor force are working safely
in accordance with code specifications. A project is economically controlled by its owner,
usually a bank or lender who provides funds and loans for property development. Construction
companies use different types of contracts to allow financing parties to protect their interests
during these stages of development including:
Describe how a financial control chart is used in the finance
A financial control chart (FC Chart) is an effective method that can be used as a tool for
controlling construction projects. Financial controls, or finance controls, are used in controlling
the financial aspects of a building construction project. The FC Chart is a graphical
representation of work that enables a construction company to evaluate their performance against
key cost control principles.
FC Charts are used in:
Describe why you think the FC Chart is effective in controlling construction projects
The FC Chart can be effectively used by analyzing data as well as observing typical financial
trends on an ongoing basis. By doing this, it can increase the chances for a construction company
to produce successful results with their financial controls on an ongoing basis. It is also
important for managers and owners to take into consideration any issues that could potentially
affect the construction project before evaluating their financial performance on an ongoing basis
(Treagust, 2019).
References

Role and responsibilities of a Quantity Surveyor 15
Abdulla, A., 2018. Linked in. [Online]
Available at: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/difference-between-being-consultancy-quantity-surveyor-
aishah-abdulla#:~:text=The%20short%20answer%20is%20that,to%20actually%20perform%20the
%20work.
[Accessed 12 January 2022].
Alake, O., 2019. researchgate. [Online]
Available at:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331828694_Effects_of_Work_Attitudes_of_Design_Team_o
n_the_Service_Delivery_of_Quantity_Surveyors
[Accessed 12 January 2022].
Anon., 2018. uk essays. [Online]
Available at: https://www.ukessays.com/essays/construction/who-is-the-quantity-surveyor-
construction-essay.php
[Accessed 12 January 2022].
Anon., 2020. designing buildings. [Online]
Available at: https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Pre-contract_management#:~:text=The%20pre
%2Dcontract%20phase%20is,relationships%20begin%20to%20take%20shape.
[Accessed 13 january 2022].
author, n., 2021. designing buildings. [Online]
Available at: https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Quantity_surveyor
[Accessed 12 January 2022].
CIOB, 2021. designing buildings. [Online]
Available at:
https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Cost_control_in_building_design_and_construction
[Accessed 13 January 2022].
No author, 2015. constructiontuts. [Online]
Available at: https://www.constructiontuts.com/quantity-surveyor-duties-and-responsibilities/
[Accessed 12 January 2022].
No author, 2015. UK essays. [Online]
Available at: https://www.ukessays.com/essays/construction/role-of-quantity-surveying-profession-
construction-essay.php
[Accessed 12 January 2022].
no author, 2017. constructiontuts. [Online]
Available at: https://www.constructiontuts.com/construction-industry/
[Accessed 1 1 2022].
no author, 2022. willmott dixon. [Online]
Available at: https://www.willmottdixon.co.uk/careers/working-for-us/the-role-of-a-quantity-
surveyor#:~:text=Known%20in%20the%20industry%20as,accurately%20reported%20and%20controlled

Role and responsibilities of a Quantity Surveyor 16
%20effectively.
[Accessed 12 Januaty 2022].
Price, A. K. &. A. D. F., 2006. Taylor and Francis Online. [Online]
Available at: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01446199100000030
[Accessed 12 january 2022].
Rawlinsons, K. M. f., 2018. rawlinsonswa. [Online]
Available at: https://www.rawlinsonswa.com.au/post/what-is-a-quantity-surveyors-role-in-
construction#:~:text=The%20role%20of%20a%20Quantity%20Surveyor%20is%20to%20provide
%20accurate,costs%20and%20preventing%20cost%20overruns.
[Accessed 12 January 2022].
Treagust, S., 2019. IFS. [Online]
Available at: https://blog.ifs.com/2019/06/project-financial-control-construction/
[Accessed 14 January 2022].