CE 2.1 Project: Advanced Engineering Design and Maintenance, QUT

This project report details the design and modification of hand pumps, focusing on addressing water supply issues in developing countries. The project, undertaken at Queensland University of Technology, Australia, involved benchmarking existing hand pump designs, with a particular emphasis on the Afridev pump. The student, as a team member, proposed innovative solutions such as adding a silicon rubber ring to the centralizer and modifying the pump rod linking mechanism and pump head shape to improve reliability and stress distribution. The project included detailed reliability analyses, design of assembly and manufacturing, and adherence to human factor standards. The student also completed technical drawings and addressed challenges such as issues with the DFA analysis by conducting the analysis themselves to obtain accurate results. The main objectives were to improve access to clean drinking water, provide a sustainable design, and offer a comprehensive solution for rural areas. The student's contributions included research, design modifications, and documentation.

CE 2.1 Information on Project
Project’s Name: Advanced Engineering Design and Maintenance
Project’s Location: Queensland University of Technology, Australia
Duration of the Project: Please fill
Organization’s Name: Queensland University of Technology, Australia
My Role as well as Designation during the work: Team Member of the Project
CE 2.2 Background of the Project
CE 2.2.1 Basic Characteristics of this Project
The hand pumps are eventually considered as one of the most significant and
important solutions for supply of water to the rural communities within different developing
countries. In spite of having such distinct features, few disadvantages are also present for
these hand pumps. In this project, I have provided a detailed discussion of different issues
that are associated to hand pumps. The existing designs of the hand pumps were being
benchmarked and these results have shown that the Afridev pump would be better to modify
the design. I have included innovative and creative designing solutions such as adding the
silicon rubber over the centralizer as well as altering the pump rod liking mechanism. This
was done by me for the core purpose of avoiding lateral movements and altering the shape of
the pump head for effective stress dispersal. Therefore, in the project, I have compared my
proposed design with the Afridev pump within different areas of reliability analyses and
designing of assembly or manufacturing. I even followed the standards to legislative

requirement related to human factors. Moreover, I had to complete the technical drawings for
properly understand the modified parts of the designed hand pumps.
CE 2.2.2 Developed Objectives for the work
This work was being completed by me for successfully dealing with the issue of
supply for clean drinking water within any developing country. Although, several solutions
are being produced for solving drinking problems, I wanted to make it sustainable and
suitable. I have ensured that this specific work is being executed after subsequent
consideration of several aspects, which are related to drinking water in the rural areas of
India. Hence, to obtain a distinct success criterion in the project, few objectives were
developed:
 To concentrate over the goal of this specific project that is laid off to the development
arm established by World Bank Group and WHO.
 To improve the situation as well as accessibility to the clean drinking water in the
entire world, especially for the developing countries.
 To enhance the overall quality of life after ensuring an improvised accessibility
towards safe water.
 To provide a complete and compacted design for a hand pump for ensuring a
sustainable and suitable solution to clean water supply within the rural areas of India.
 To ensure that my designed hand pump would be providing proper solution to the
issue of water supply.
CE 2.2.3 My working area in this project work
Since I was one of the best students in mechanical engineering, I was subsequently
recruited as the most responsible participant of my project team by our group leader and
supervisor. I selected three other friends for the project group and then we initiated our work.

I gave the idea of drinking water issue in the rural areas of India, as I have completed my
schooling and Bachelor’s degree from India. As a result, our group leader allowed me to
provide proper ideas and techniques for making the project a successful one. For being able
to give a proper resolution from the technical or management ideologies, I checked that it is
required to reflect on various included companies. With my practical experience in such
problems, I was able to make an accurate design for the hand pumps and then provide
sustainable and suitable solution without much complexity.
CE 2.2.4 Group of people Involved in this Project
Figure 1: Group of Individuals involved in work
CE 2.2.5 My major responsibilities as well as duties in the entire work
I had some of the most critical and significant duties in this particular project of
Advanced Engineering Design and Maintenance, being a responsible team member. At first, I
had to research about the existing solutions that are present for this issue of drinking water.
For this purpose, me and my team members, started researching different Internet sources and

journals, so that we are able to get a clear idea about these issues. I identified the design
problem that there exists an ample foundation of any type of unpolluted water and the most
significant method for tapping this resource would be through hand pumps. I even had the
responsibility to sub divide the problems of hand pumps, so that it becomes easier for us to
make proper solutions without much complexity.
CE 2.3 Distinct Activities in this Work
CE 2.3.1 Comprehending the most Basic Theories Used in this work
To execute this specific work of hand pump design, I had undertaken the most
fundamental concepts for manufacturing and designing of different hand pumps and process
to deal with the issues and complexities in the most effective manner. At first, I made the list
of different stakeholders, with their distinct roles in managing the works of supply water.
Table 1: List of Stakeholders
I even had to make a flow chart of different sub problems that are being faced, while
creation of a hand pump project. I had categorized these sub problems into 3 sections of
mechanical, manufacturing and maintenance.

Figure 2: Flowchart of the Sub Problems
Since, we were working with supply water, I had to ensure I have checked the amount
of iron present in the pumped water, so that it does not exceed limit or is harmful for the
individuals. The high concentration of iron within the water could be initiated in two
methods, which include naturally iron in the ground water and also due to heavier corrosion
of different underground elements. As a result, I checked different pH ranges for this work.
Table 2: Suitability of the galvanized iron on the basis of Different pH Ranges
As we were working on Afridev hand pump, I considered the parameters of the three
components of centralizer, cover and rod within the specific hand pump.

Table 3: Parameters of the Three Components of Afridev
CE 2.3.2 My major Engineering skills or knowledge that are applied in this work
In this work, I had used my knowledge for different pumps as well as components like
centralizer and pump rod helped me in gaining accurate results. Moreover, my knowledge of
FMECA, reliability analysis, DFM and DFA were also used here.
CE 2.3.3 Execution of the work and Tasks Accomplished
For successful execution, I had to consider proper design analysis, including FMEA
and Reliability Analysis and Maintenance Planning. After checking the parameters of
Afridev, I got results of 0.84, 1.02 and 1.71 for centralizer, cover and rod. It was needed to be
find out Mean Time between Reliability (MBTF):

I even completed DFA analysis for Afridev pump.
Table 4: DFA analysis

Table 5: DFM Analysis of the parameters
Finally, we were able to complete the design specifications for the project work.
Figure 3: Technical Drawing of the Newly Designed Pump Rod

We added a specific ring made of silicon rubber surrounding the centralizer that could
easily confine the horizontal movements of our pump rods for the purpose of preventing it
from chafing the main surface. Few other modifications were also done by us for ensuring
sustainable solution to water supply issue.
CE 2.3.4 Identified issue with its solution
2.3.4.1 Issue in this project
The most significant process issue met in the work was while completing the DFA
analyses for an improvised designing of the rod arrangements. One of the members had to
complete this analysis, however, he was unable to get accurate results for operation costs.
Since, it was an important step in my project, the work was stopped.
2.3.4.2 Solution to the Identified Technical Difficulty
To resolve the process concern of DFA analysis, I decided to take proper steps. I
myself conducted this analysis and finally was able to obtain total time TM and operation
cost for the work.

Table 6: DFA Analysis for the Improved Design of Rod Arrangement
CE 2.3.5 Unique Plan made to provide innovative or creative works
To perfectly obtain the outcomes of this project, I had to take the major decision to
create a specific planning even before initiating my section of work. I did the research works
properly to analyze the results properly and learn about the solutions that are present for
resolving issues related to drinking water in the rural parts of India.
CE 2.3.6 Work Collaborations
I and my three members collaborated to make this work a successful project. We
efficiently modified the hand pump designs, so that the individuals are able to get safe water
for their regular use without any issue.
CE 2.4 Overall Reviewing of this Project
CE 2.4.1 Overviewing of this work
We made few changes to the different parameters of Afridev pump, as we were
making modifications in that particular pump. Silicon rubber ring was added around the
centralizer for restricting the horizontal movements of our pump rods for preventing it from
chafing our rising main surfaces. This shape of the pump head was also changed to
cylindrical shape for reducing the probability of water leakage. Finally, we developed new
connection for the rods of pump for reducing disconnection frequency.
CE 2.4.2 My Major Contributions
Being a team member, I designed the newly modified hand pump in such a manner
that it would eradicate the existing issues successfully and also to reduce the impact of
impurities in the water. I even had to complete project documentations for this work.