Analysis of Race Bias in Celebrity Identification: Psychology

This report investigates the concept of Own Race Bias (ORB) in celebrity identification, exploring whether individuals are better at recognizing faces of their own race. The study involved 40 participants (20 males and 20 females) and analyzed their reaction times when identifying black and white celebrities. The results, based on ANOVA analysis, led to the acceptance of the null hypothesis, indicating no significant difference between white participants identifying white celebrities and black participants identifying black celebrities. The discussion elaborates on the implications of these findings, suggesting that racial bias in celebrity recognition may not be as prominent as previously thought. The study provides valuable insights into social perception and cognitive biases related to race.

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ABSTRACT
The concept of Own Race Bias has been defined as the fact that person belonging to a
particular race identifies the person belonging to the same race. In the current working
environment it is very high and this affects the working of people within the society. The major
reason behind this fact outlined within this study was that the people tend to prefer other people
belonging to the same race. This might be because of the reason that they know that these people
will be working in accordance to them. The methods section outlined the fact that a total of 40
participants were used for completion of the study. Out of these 20 were males and 20 were
females. Further with the results section, it was evaluated that the null hypothesis is being
accepted rejecting the alternate. The null hypothesis is being accepted because of the reason that
the significance value is more than 0.05 which is the standard. Moreover, with help of the
discussion it was evaluated that the person belonging to which race does not depend over the fact
that whether they recognise that person or not.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................4
METHODS......................................................................................................................................5
RESULT..........................................................................................................................................7
DISCUSSION..................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
The own race bias is being defined as the concept through which own race help the
person in better recognizing the face of person belonging to other race. This is particularly
because of the reason that in the latest working environment most of the people analyses other
one on the basis of the race to which they belong. In particular, the race is being defined as the
categorisation of people on the basis of their social and physical qualities which makes them
distinct from others. There are different types of people belonging to different category of races.
Hence, because of this the working and living of the person is much affected. Most of the time
people are also discriminated among on the basis of race (Cavazos and et.al., 2020). Hence, the
concept of race affects the working and living of the person to a great extent. In many different
fields the ORB that is Own Race Bias affects the working and status of person because people
are not treated equally and are being discriminated. In the present research the discussion will be
laid on the basis of race. Many people tend to prefer the people belonging to their own race and
not any other people. Hence this increases the discrimination and injustice among people as they
prefer their own category of people.
Further with the analysis it is evaluated that there is high level of discrimination on the
basis of race biasness. This is particularly because of the reason that people tend to prefer people
belonging to the same race only. At time of development and growth, people tend to prefer to
promote people belonging to the same race only. Moreover, the race bias can also be said as
implicit bias because of the reason that it outlines the attitude and stereotype that affect the
understanding of the person and their action. This bias is implicit because of the reason that it
comes from within the person that they prefer people belonging to their own race must be
promoted further. Hence, it can be stated that the biasness comes from within the person.
Aim and objectives
Aim
The aim is to find whether the black participant is identifying black celebrities more or
white participant identifies white celebrities more.
Hypothesis
H0- There is not any significant difference within white participant identifying white celebrity
more or black participant identifying black participant more.

H1- There is a significant difference present within white participant identifies white celebrity
more or black participant identifying black participant more.
Rationale
The reason for selection of race biasness is that it is currently very popular and because of
this the research is conducted. This is particularly because of the reason that in the current
working environment the discrimination on basis of race is increasing. Hence, this present study
will outline the fact that whether the black participant is responding quickly at time of black
famous person or not. Thus, this present study will assist in developing the knowledge on the fact
that whether the people tend to focus on the same race or not and whether they promote the same
person or not.
In the views Nagpal and et.al., (2019) the racial biasness is not good and this affects the
working of the person and leads to discrimination as well. This is particularly because of the
reason that in case the person discriminates with others relating to race then this creates negative
impact over mentality and perception of person. The reason behind this fact is that when person
is discriminated then this affects the working capability and efficiency. This is particularly
because of the reason that in case the person is discriminated then this will make them feel
distinguished and will not be in position to live in better manner.
On the other hand, Proietti and et.al., (2019) argues that this biasness is self- developed
among the person and it is in- built within them. This is particularly because of the reason that
most of the time when they see person belonging to the same race then they include them first.
This is particularly because of the reason that when a person sees same race person then
automatically a biasness develops among the person. Thus, this result in spread of discrimination
among the people and it can cause injustice to other person as well.
METHODS
Participant
The participant involves the people through which data is being gathered and to become
successful it is necessary that proper participant is selected. The reason underlying this fact is
that is there are large number of people and it is not necessary that data is gathered from every
person. Hence, for this some of the samples are being selected and data will be gathered from
them only. In the present case of identifying the response of participant according to the race the
total of 40 participants were included. This is particularly because of the reason that it involves

the selecting some of the participant for collection of data. This is particularly because of the
reason that when the selected participant is used the proper data is gathered and as a result of this
accurate and precise output will be gathered (Robinson and et.al., 2020
Material
The material includes the type of data and other related information which are being used
by the researcher in gathering the data. This is the most important assessment because of the
reason that when the material will not be good then the research outcome will not be good.
Hence, for this it is necessary that researcher undertakes the use of proper material so that good
data is being undertaken. The sample includes the 40 famous people that is 20 white famous
people and 20 black famous faces. Hence, this material is being gathered for the reason that
when the proper data is being gathered then this will be providing better and precise working.
With respect to the material collection the data is being gathered from 40 respondents and proper
consent form and information form is being signed.
Procedure
The procedure is being stated as the steps which will be taken for the development and
completion of the study in better and effective manner. When the proper procedure is being
followed then this will be resulting in proper accomplishment of work in better and effective
manner. Hence, with respect to this, the demographic details are being collected relating to the
participant. This is essential for researcher to follow the proper procedure relating to the data
gathering and completion of all steps of research. Hence, for this the procedure selected involves
the when the participant will start then there will be some faces coming on the screen and in case
participant knows or recognizes the face or not. With the help of this data, the researcher will be
able to gather the response time and the data in proper and effective format. After summarising
the data different types of statistical method will be applied for analysing and evaluating the data.
RESULT
Descriptive statistics
Statistics
RT_Y_P1_C1 RT_Y_P1_C2 RT_Y_P2_C1 RT_Y_P2_C2 Participant_self
idetifiedrace
N Valid 20 20 20 20 20
Missing 0 0 0 0 0

Mean .9634 1.5584 .6994 .7215 1.45
Std. Deviation .53685 1.77428 .28478 .23111 .510
a. Multiple modes exist. The smallest value is shown
With the analysis of descriptive statistics, it is clear that average reaction time of black
person identifying black celebrity is 0.9634. Moreover, in case of reaction time of participant
black for identification of white participant is 1.5584 which is higher. On the other side, in case
of white participant identifying the black participant was 0.6994 and white participant
identifying white celebrity was 0.7215. With this it is clearly evident that the reaction time of
identifying of white participant for black celebrity is less and the highest preferred is black
participant preferring the while celebrity (Bate and et.al., 2019). With the help of descriptive
statistics, it is clear that the deviation of the values from mean value is approximately 0.536 for
RT_Y_P1_C1. Whereas for another category that is RT_Y_P1_C2 is 1.77 which is higher. This
simply implies that the reaction time of recognizing participant black and celebrity white is
having more deviation as comparted to the case of black participant identifying black celebrity.
Along with this, the deviation data also analyses the fact that RT_Y_P2_C1 has 0.28 and
RT_Y_P2_C2 has 0.23 as standard deviation. This simply implies that the white celebrity takes
less time in recognizing the celebrity whether be it white or black celebrity.
Anova
ANOVA
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
RT_Y_P1_C1
Between Groups .857 1 .857 3.338 .084
Within Groups 4.619 18 .257
Total 5.476 19
RT_Y_P1_C2
Between Groups 1.355 1 1.355 .417 .526
Within Groups 58.458 18 3.248
Total 59.813 19
RT_Y_P2_C1
Between Groups .000 1 .000 .002 .964
Within Groups 1.541 18 .086
Total 1.541 19
RT_Y_P2_C2
Between Groups .002 1 .002 .031 .863
Within Groups 1.013 18 .056
Total 1.015 19

With the analysis of the ANOVA it is clear that researcher can identify the differences
which is being present between the group is statistically significant or not. The above result of
ANOVA stated that the significance value is more than the standard that is 0.05. Hence, this
simply implies that the null hypothesis is accepted that there is not any significant relation
between the white people identifying the white celebrity and black people identifying the black
celebrity more. This is particularly because of the reason that currently the hypotheses tested out
lines that not any of the one outline the positive reaction (Singh and et.al., 2020). This implies
that participant black is not able to identify celebrity black or a participant black color identifies
celebrity white. On the other hand, the hypotheses relating to participant to White identifying the
participant black is 0.964 whereas the case of white participant identifying white celebrities 0.86
3. With the help of the ANOVA it is clear that the null hypothesis is been accepted that there is
not any relation being present within the hypotheses and the variables that is white person
identifying white celebrity or black person identify the black celebrity first.
DISCUSSION
With the help of result, it is clearly identified that null hypothesis is being accepted which
implies that people belonging to same race does not identify the other celebrity exactly. This is
proven with the help of the ANOVA analysis that the black participant does not identify the
black celebrity or the white participant is not identifying the white celebrity. In the views of
Hadad, Schwartz and Binur (2019) it was evident that the people belonging to same race make
the other person feel similar. For instance, there is any growth opportunity then the person
belonging to a particular race will try to promote people of their race only. But on the basis of the
findings in it is not proven as the finding states that black participant does not identify the black
celebrities. In accordance to the different sources it was evaluated that people belonging to the
same category are preferred by the other person and this can even cause discrimination. Hence
this can cause injustice to other people as the person prefers the people belonging to same race as
compared to the other person. Moreover, when the person promotes discrimination on the basis
of race then this may create the feeling of inferiority among the other people.
For example, in case White person prefer white person only for the different job roles
then this might create a feeling of inferiority among the other people. It is very crucial for the
person to not discriminate among the other people on the basis of race or caste. In addition to this
it is also very necessary for the person that they must ensure that in case there is any

discrimination going on then they must try to avoid or reduce it (Setoh and et.al., 2019). This is
particularly because of the reason then when there will be low or no discrimination within the
country then it will promote to the growth and development of that country. Hence it is very
necessary for the countries to reduce the race discrimination so that the overall country can grow
and develop into large countries.
In contrast to this Hughes and et.al., (2019) argues the fact that the own race biasness
creates differences in perception of the person as well. This is particularly because of the reason
that many times the business comes from within the person. Hence when the viruses come from
within the person then they think that they are doing correct. But in actual the working done by
them is not correct and this affects the justice and working perception and mentality of the
person. Moreover, when a person tries to promote people belonging to the same race then this
create a negative impact over the thinking capability of people belonging to some other Race
(The Own-Race Bias for Face Recognition in a Multiracial Society, 2022). For instance, a black
person is always promoting the black person for a particular growth opportunity. Thus this can
cause a negative impact within team perception of other white people. The reason behind this
fact is that the black person is always promoting a black celebrity only.
Along with this many a times’ Bate and et.al., (2018) states that negative impact is being
created within the minds of the people. This is particularly because of the reason that there are
many different people who unintentionally implement biasness. Thus this affects the thinking
capabilities and the viewpoint of the person for looking at the things. The reason behind this
change is that when the person is not doing the work on ethical and correct manner than this
cause or hampers the goodwill of the person as well. This is particularly because of the reason
that when a person creates or implements some wrong working into the practice then it causes
severe effect over their image. The reason behind this fact is that when a person is doing
discrimination or biasness among the other people then it will affect its public image. For
example, there is a white person on a high position and in case that person only employ white
people within their company or under them then it will create a negative impact over the thinking
of other people as well.
In addition to this there were some limitations which affected the successful completion
of the research. Particularly this limitation included the most of the time participants were
pressing yes or no before the face shown to them over the screen. This created a negative

response time and the study provided the irrelevant data. This in turn affected the successful
completion of the study and also provided some misguided information. Along with this another
limitation of the study was the time constraint. This is particularly because of the reason that the
time provided for the study was very limited and this affected the working and the successful
completion of the objectives. But then also the researcher managed to accomplish all the
objectives and attained them on time (Xiao and et.al., 2018). Along with this another limitation
faced by this study was that sometimes there was use of some words which are really tough to
understand. But then also the researcher tried to manage and maintain the meaning of those
words in the attached sentences. All over the research was a good learning experience. Some
future implications and things to be considered for future research are as follows-
 The researcher must first evaluate all the resources and thereafter must utilise all the
resources in the intended manner. This is because of the reason that all the resources are
very scarce and it is necessary that they are optimally used for successful completion of
research.
 Along with this another future recommendation to the researcher is to undertake the use
of simple and easy words so that there is no confusion at all among the readers of the
study. Use of easy and meaningful words will include a better discussion and
understanding relating to the objective and it will be easier for other people to understand
that as well.
 Further for the future improvement it is recommended to the researchers that they must
evaluate the different data sources before collecting the data. This is particularly because
of the reason that there are different types of resources which provide similar kind of
information. Hence it is very crucial for the researcher that they evaluate each and every
data source critically and then finalize the data relating to the research.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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Bate, S. and et.al., 2019. The limits of super recognition: An other-ethnicity effect in individuals
with extraordinary face recognition skills. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human
Perception and Performance, 45(3), p.363.
Cavazos, J. G. and et.al., 2020. Accuracy comparison across face recognition algorithms: Where
are we on measuring race bias?. IEEE transactions on biometrics, behavior, and identity
science, 3(1), pp.101-111.
Hadad, B.S., Schwartz, S. and Binur, N., 2019. Reduced perceptual specialization in autism:
Evidence from the other-race face effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology:
General, 148(3), p.588.
Hughes, B.L. and et.al., 2019. Neural adaptation to faces reveals racial outgroup homogeneity
effects in early perception. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 116(29).
pp.14532-14537.
Nagpal, S. and et.al., 2019. Deep learning for face recognition: Pride or prejudiced?. arXiv
preprint arXiv:1904.01219.
Proietti, V. and et.al., 2019. Attending to identity cues reduces the own-age but not the own-race
recognition advantage. Vision research, 157, pp.184-191.
Robinson, J.P. and et.al., 2020. Face recognition: too bias, or not too bias?. In Proceedings of the
ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition workshops (pp. 0-1).
Setoh, P. and et.al., 2019. Racial categorization predicts implicit racial bias in preschool
children. Child Development. 90(1). pp.162-179.
Singh, R. and et.al., 2020, April. On the robustness of face recognition algorithms against attacks
and bias. In Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (Vol. 34, No.
09, pp. 13583-13589).
Xiao, N.G. and et.al., 2018. Infants rely more on gaze cues from own‐race than other‐race adults
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Online
The Own-Race Bias for Face Recognition in a Multiracial Society. 2022. [Online]. Available
through: < https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00208/full#:~:text=The
%20own%2Drace%20bias%20(ORB%3B%20also%20known%20as%20the,et%20al.%2C
%202009). >