Database Systems: A Comparative Study of RDBMS and File-Based Systems

Desklib provides past papers and solved assignments for students. This project compares database systems and models.

Contents
Introduction..............................................................................................................................2
Task No. 1.................................................................................................................................3
Task No. 2.................................................................................................................................8
Task No. 3...............................................................................................................................11
Conclusion:.............................................................................................................................20
References...............................................................................................................................21
Figures
Figure 1: Hierarchical Data Model (Source: Studytonight.com, 2019)).............................4
Figure 2: Network database Model (Source: MariaDB KnowledgeBase, 2019)................5
Figure 3: Relational database Model (Source: Anon, 2019)................................................6
Figure 4: Conceptual diagram..............................................................................................10
Figure 5: ER diagram............................................................................................................13
Figure 6: UML diagram........................................................................................................14
Figure 7: PhpMyAdmin design.............................................................................................15
Figure 8: Buyers Description................................................................................................16
Figure 9: PurchasedCars Description..................................................................................16
Figure 10: Cars Description..................................................................................................16
Figure 11: CarsSold Description...........................................................................................16
Figure 12: Sellers Description...............................................................................................16
Figure 13: MethodOfPayment Description.........................................................................17
Figure 14: Database...............................................................................................................17
Figure 15: FK Constraints.....................................................................................................17
Figure 16: FK added..............................................................................................................17
Figure 17: Buyers Data added..............................................................................................18
Figure 18: Cars Data added..................................................................................................18
Figure 19: CarsSold Data added...........................................................................................18
Figure 20: MethodOfPayment Data added..........................................................................18

Figure 21: PurchasedCars Data added................................................................................19
Figure 22: Sellers Data added...............................................................................................19

Introduction
The given assessment is split into four different tasks in which the first task are split into
three different tasks. The first task is to compare the RDBMS with File-based system and
another one is to compare various models of the database like the relational model, network
model and many more. In the last part the strengths and weaknesses of the two approaches
such as top down and bottom up approach which is explained in detail. In another part a
conceptual diagram is created also the ER diagram is also created. All queries and constraints
are also performed. All this is represented on MS word along with screenshots and photos.

Task No. 1
1. RDBMS V/S FILE-BASED SYSTEM
File-Based System is a method of storing the file on a hard-disk, we can both read and write
the data from the hard-disk in File-Based System. It is pre-encoded in the operating system
which means when we install OS on our system it will automatically get installed. RDBMS
or Relational Database Management System is a data storing system which is completely
dependent upon the relational data model.
Differences
 The basic and first difference between RDBMS and FBS is the security of data. In
File System, there is not so much trouble in reading and writing file so there is no
need of high-level data security but on the other hand in RDBMS or Relational
Database Management System as data storing is fully dependent upon relational
model so we need high security for storing the data.
 Next difference is Data Redundancy, which means repetition of data. In File-Based
System, we encounter a lot of Data Redundancy but in RDMS Data Redundancy is
quite less.
 Another difference is consistency, Files based system had less consistent data but in
RDBMS data consistency is more.
 Last difference is Centralization, it is hard and complicated to acquire Centralization
in File-Based System whereas it is quite possible and easy to achieve centralization in
Relational Database Management System.
RDBMS File-Based System
Advantages 1. DBMS is highly
secure and reliable
2. Maintenance of
RDBMS is quite
easy and convenient
1. Backup and
restoring of data are
quite easy in File-
Based System.
2. Sharing of data with
other system is quite
easy in File-Based

3. Retrieval of data is
fast and quick
System.
3. Data can be
retrieved.
Dis-Advantages 1. Cost of maintenance
is very high
2. Limitations are set
while assigning the
size to fields
3. Complexity is high
1. Data Redundancy is
a disadvantage in
File-Based system.
2. Inconsistency is
high in File-Based
System.
3. Security of data is
quite low
Limitations 1. Limits on field size
2. High complexity
3. Expensive in
comparison to
another file-based
system
1. Limited data security
2. Data inconsistency is
also a limitation.
2.
Hierarchical Database Model
The hierarchical database is also known as an “Inverted Tree”, in which top node is
known as “Root”. This structure progresses in the downward direction. Organization
chart technique is used to arrange Data in this model. As shown in the figure,
employees are organized in a top-down order with respect to their designation in the
company.

Figure 1: Hierarchical Data Model (Source: Studytonight.com, 2019))
Advantages
 As to its structure Data retrieval is very easy and fast in Hierarchical Data Model so this a
major advantage of this model
 Automatic defining of data within the model is also a great advantage of the Hierarchical
model.
 Operations like insertion and deletion of data are quite easy to perform in this model.
Dis-Advantages
 If any changes are made then the whole file including process is affected by it.
 The communication problem is quite often in this model because of level differences
between nodes.
Network Database Model
A hierarchical model was good it also had its limitations. So, to overcome all those
Network models were designed and developed. It represents objects and relations
between them in a quite flexible way. No. of parent and child of each record is
multiple and it forms a lattice structure. Also, the relation between items is direct in
the Network model.

Figure 2: Network database Model (Source: MariaDB KnowledgeBase, 2019)
Advantages
 Accessibility of data is quite easy in the Network model.
 The network model is easy to implement and easy to understand.
 Data integration is also an advantage of this model.
Dis-Advantages
 The complexity of network model is high.
 Structural dependence also is a disadvantage.
Relational database Model

Network model has its limitation and to overcome those limitations a new model is
introduced named as Relational Database model. Hierarchical model and network model had
drawbacks like Complexity and inflexibility. But due to the Relational Database 2-
Dimensional structure, these drawbacks were resolved.
Figure 3: Relational database Model (Source: Anon, 2019)
Advantages
 Retrieval of Data is quite easy to do in Network model.
 Complexity is quite low and the structure is quite easy to understand.
 Easy Scalability.
Dis-Advantages
 Costing is very high in order to implement.
 Operations on Data is limited in Network model .

3.
Top-Down Approach
Top-Down Approach is also known as Design by analysis. Here, entities are broken to fulfill
requirements of the design. To accomplish all the relative criteria Analysis of the design is
done.
Strengths
 The top-down approach is the most favorable approach because due to its design a large
amount of time is saved to implement the project which doesn’t compromise the quality
of work
 Decision making is very fast and reliable for any type of project in the Top-Down
approach.
Weaknesses
 The high quality of knowledge and skill is required to implement this approach in any
project.
 Participation is quite low which a real issue of this approach.
Bottom-Up Approach
Bottom-Up Approach is also known as Design by synthesis. In this approach, before the
construction of any entities, information is collected to fulfill requirements. Before declaring
relationships between entities, entities are made to clear the structure of the project.
Strengths
 Providing accurate and reliable solution is the main strength of Bottom-up approach.
 The bottom-up approach is very easy to implement in any kind of project and not expert
knowledge is required to implement it.
Weaknesses
 Cost can increase gradually while using this approach which can ultimately affect the
budget of the project.
 This approach has low efficiency and effectiveness and reason for that is an unreliable
control of management.

For the upcoming task top-down approach is the best way to go. As it is more efficient and
effective in the completion of the further task.

Task No. 2
1. BUYERS
ATTRIBUTES DATATYPE
B_ID Int
B_NAME Varchar
B_CONTACT Int
B_ADDRESS Varchar
2. PURCHASEDCARS
ATTRIBUTES DATATYPE
P_ID Int
P_DATE Date
B_ID Int
C_ID Int
PAY_ID Int
P_CARPRICE Int
3. CARS
ATTRIBUTES DATATYPE
C_ID Int
CARMODEL Varchar
CARCOLOR Varchar
CARPRICE Int
BUYINGYEAR Date
CARMAKE Varchar
CARMILEAGE Int

CARBODYTYPE Varchar
CARFUELTYPE Varchar
CARENGINESIZE Int
CARFUELCONSUMPTION Int
CARCO2EMISSIONS Int
4. CARSSOLD
ATTRIBUTES DATATYPE
SOLD_ID Int
SOLD_CARDATE Date
S_ID Int
SOLD_CARPRICE Int
B_ID Int
5. SELLERS
ATTRIBUTES DATATYPE
S_ID Int
S_NAME Varchar
S_ADDRESS Varchar
S_CONTACT Int
6. METHODOFPAYMENT
ATTRIBUTES DATATYPE
PAY_ID Int
INTEREST_RATE Int
AMOUNT_APPLIED Int
PAY_METHOD Varchar