Reading Assignment 5: Juvenile Justice System Analysis and Discussion

This document provides answers to Reading Assignment 5, focusing on juvenile justice. The assignment addresses key concepts such as false positives and false negatives in risk assessment, the Violent Juvenile Offenders Program (VJOPs), and the functions of teen courts and day reporting centers. T...Read More

Running head: READING ASSIGNMENT 5
QUESTION-ANSWER ON JUVENILE JUSTICE
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Authors Note

1READING ASSIGNMENT 5
Answer
2.
In the Criminal Justice System, every prediction tools make both right and wrong
predictions, which is also known as prediction errors. Generally, two probable types of errors
have been observed: False positives and false negatives. False positives relate to wrong
predictions of future offenses for criminals. False-positive errors arise when people by whom no
new offenses have been committed are subject to protected conditions or preventive group
oversight (Scurich, 2015). False negatives are false assumptions that criminals do not commit
any new offense. False-negative errors arise when jail or restricted supervision is not executed on
delinquents by whom new offenses will be committed. The words true and false apply to the
statistical accurateness of prediction. The words Negative and positive apply to the prediction
material that is, displaying conduct (positive) or not displaying conduct (negative). What types of
wrong predictions occur mostly based on the values associated with each error (Flores, Bechtel
& Lowenkamp, 2016).
5.
Violent youth crime has been the focus of national discussion about the theory and
efficacy of juvenile justice systems. The Violent Juvenile Offenders Program (VJO) is an effort
to investigate disciplinary strategies for habitually violent young delinquents. An intervention
model with four key essentials has been tested by the four sites program. The key essentials are
restoration, managing cases, the procedure of social education and a phased re-entry plan from
protected facilities into active community monitoring (Klietz, Borduin & Schaeffer, 2010).
Recurrence and social consequences of participants were compared to those of youngsters

2READING ASSIGNMENT 5
randomly allocated to the conventional youth correction programs. Implementing the
experimental technique at various locations; findings indicate that treatment as a multi-
dimensional vector should be calculated. By the time, rates of failure and periods of arrests at
risk for Violent Juvenile Offenders adolescence were less than those for governing adolescence
in two sites with good execution. Instead of being confined in-state training schools with limited
monitoring on discharge, reintegration and adjustment approaches would be the priority of
correctional policy (Trupin et al., 2011).
8.
Teen Court is considered to be a ‘community court’ for first-time offense and traffic rule
violators. The curriculum is run by young people who are educated on the procedures of the
courtroom, the legal procedure and the obligation of numerous court staffs. The teenage
volunteers, with the help of a justice and adult volunteer mentors, hold court hearings every
week on different criminal offenses. Crimes and infringements include charges of minor
burglary, scamming, battery, assault, negligence, and traffic offenses, such as reckless driving. A
verdict must be rendered within a specified time by a jury of their peers to defendants. Many
defendants, who have completed the program efficaciously have declined their cases (Gase et al.,
2016).
The members of a teen court include adolescent volunteers who work in the different
positions of skilled and performing the par of adjudicators, prosecutors, stewards and clerks
within the system. Usually, teen courts work in collaboration with regional juvenile courts and
youth detention facilities, middle and high schools and community groups like the YMCA.

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Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) means an arbitration, mediation or negotiation
process for settling conflict without litigation. Alternative Dispute Resolution is frequently used
in lawsuits, which would often subject to litigation including high-profile employment lawsuits,
divorce cases and personal injury claims (Blake, Browne & Sime, 2016).
9.
Day reporting centers (NRCs), also known as Community Resource Centers (CRCs) or
Involvement Centers, are considered to be multi-service facilities designed to enable parolees to
return to the community through the provision of services and administration. Day reporting
centers may be regarded as either ‘front end’ or ‘back end’. Day reporting centers at the front end
use community-based services to distract probation or parole inmates. Back-end Day reporting
centers are often used as a type of early discharge for prisoners in the community to complete the
residuary of their sentences or as post-custodial parole or probation sentence condition (Johnson,
2017). The key goals of Day reporting centers are:
 Enhanced monitoring of wrongdoers who have not been capable to comply with the
terms of supervision or need further regulation than the contemporary requirements of
probation or parole;
 Providing care, recovery, or supportive services, such as education, employment training
or treatment of substance abuse; and
 Reduce overcrowding in prisons by concentrating on prisoners who otherwise would
have been confined.
The main function of the system of Day reporting centre is to allow the regional authorities to set
up a day reporting centre to provide care and community-based services to those wrongdoers

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who are under parole or probation or pre-trial regulation to minimize the cost of recurrence, the
population in jail or prison, and corrective action costs (Wong et al., 2019).
Reference
Blake, S. H., Browne, J., & Sime, S. (2016). A practical approach to alternative dispute
resolution. Oxford University Press.
Flores, A. W., Bechtel, K., & Lowenkamp, C. T. (2016). False positives, false negatives, and
false analyses: A rejoinder to machine bias: There's software used across the country to
predict future criminals. and it's biased against blacks. Fed. Probation, 80, 38.
Gase, L. N., Schooley, T., DeFosset, A., Stoll, M. A., & Kuo, T. (2016). The impact of Teen
Courts on youth outcomes: A systematic review. Adolescent Research Review, 1(1), 51-
67.
Johnson, L. M. (2017). 19 Day Reporting Centers and Work Release Programs. Routledge
Handbook of Corrections in the United States.
Klietz, S. J., Borduin, C. M., & Schaeffer, C. M. (2010). Cost–benefit analysis of multisystemic
therapy with serious and violent juvenile offenders. Journal of Family Psychology, 24(5),
657.
Scurich, N. (2015). Criminal justice policy preferences: Blackstone ratios and the veil of
ignorance. Stanford Law & Policy Review, 26, 23.
Trupin, E. J., Kerns, S. E., Walker, S. C., DeRobertis, M. T., & Stewart, D. G. (2011). Family
integrated transitions: A promising program for juvenile offenders with co-occurring
disorders. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 20(5), 421-436.

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Wong, J. S., Bouchard, J., Lee, C., & Gushue, K. (2019). Examining the effects of day reporting
centers on recidivism: A meta-analysis. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 58(3), 240-
260.