This reflective essay, written for a Bachelor of Nursing program, addresses the significant health disparities between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and non-indigenous Australians. It highlights the historical context of these inequalities, emphasizing government inaction and inadequate healthcare funding as contributing factors. The essay focuses on social determinants of health, including socio-economic factors like education, income, and housing, and their impact on health outcomes. It examines the prevalence of alcohol consumption and psychological distress within the indigenous population. The author proposes a healthcare policy framework that prioritizes cultural proficiency, mental health awareness, and the creation of culturally safe health promotion programs. The essay emphasizes the importance of self-determination, community involvement, and addressing barriers to healthcare access, particularly in rural and remote areas. The author concludes by advocating for a framework that reduces discrimination and increases awareness of mental disorders and alcohol abuse, ultimately aiming to improve health outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities.