A Dissertation on Engaging Primary Students in Remote Learning

This dissertation investigates effective strategies for primary teachers to enhance student engagement and motivation in remote learning environments. It addresses the shift to online education due to the COVID-19 pandemic and explores parental views, methods for providing real-life experiences remotely, and the significance of collaborative online learning. The research employs a quantitative approach with deductive reasoning, utilizing both primary and secondary data collected through interviews. Key findings highlight recommendations for engaging learners in online settings, contributing valuable insights for educators and researchers in the field of digital education. The study includes an introduction outlining the research aims and objectives, a literature review presenting various themes related to the topic, a research methodology detailing the approach and data analysis techniques, and a conclusion summarizing the major findings and recommendations.

Table of Contents
ABSTRACT....................................................................................................................................4
CHAPTER-1: INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................5
Overview......................................................................................................................................5
Aims and Objectives....................................................................................................................5
Research Questions......................................................................................................................5
Background of the Study.............................................................................................................6
Significance of the Study.............................................................................................................6
Rationale......................................................................................................................................6
Structure of the Thesis.................................................................................................................7
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW.........................................................................................7
Theme-1: To determine the views and opinions of parents with respect to online lectures of
primary students...........................................................................................................................7
Theme-2: To identify the whether online learning is beneficial for the students or not and
determine whether the students can learn collaboratively while online classes..........................9
Theme-3 To determine the ways in which the teachers provide the students with real life
experience while learning online at remote places....................................................................10
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...........................................................................12
Research type.............................................................................................................................12
Research approach.....................................................................................................................12
Research philosophy..................................................................................................................13
Research Design........................................................................................................................13
Data Collection..........................................................................................................................14
Sampling....................................................................................................................................14
Data analysis..............................................................................................................................15
Reliability and Validity..............................................................................................................15
Research limitations...................................................................................................................16
Ethical considerations................................................................................................................16
CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS................................................................................................17
CHAPTER 5 : FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION..........................................................................25

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION.....................................................27
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................27
RECCOMENDATION..............................................................................................................28
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................1
APPENDIX......................................................................................................................................3

ABSTRACT
This completed dissertation has evaluated the study topic which is suitable strategies that
primary teacher utilises for ensuring their teaching practices to encourage and engage learners
with the learning programs. Following has included the description about Dissertation chapter
where 1st chapter were about introduction where it covered the research aim, objective, rationale,
significance. Moving further it discussed the literature review where different themes have been
discussed and it also highlighted the arguments of authors. For the accuracy in result quantitative
approach have been utilised with deductive reasoning. For the relevancy of study both primary
and secondary data has been used where sampling of participants has been done for the interview
process. Following research also included the data analysis chapter where it discussed the
interview questions along with the interpretation, it also covered the range of recommendation
that has been made regarding teaching approach for engaging learners within learning
environment.

CHAPTER-1: INTRODUCTION
Overview
Due to the outbreak of COVID 19, many changes within the education systems and
policies of the schools, colleges, universities and organization were observed. The outbreak of
the COVID 19 led to the imposition of lockdowns in many countries in different parts of the
world. It restricted the learning and development of the students during that time. Therefore, the
government and the education authorities all over the world started to make effective utilization
of the technology in order to initiate the education and learning of the students across the globe
(Zawacki-Richter, and et.al 2020). During that phase, the schools, universities and colleges
started to use online platforms which could help them in continuing the learning and
development of the student. The present research aims to determine the strategies which can be
used by the teachers in order to encourage the learning and development of the students during
the process of remote learning.
Aims and Objectives
Aim:
Exploring strategies primary teachers utilise to ensure their teaching practice provides
additional high-yield scaffolds to motivate and engage learners.
Research Objectives
For the purpose of achieving this aim, the following objectives have been formulated:
 To determine the views and opinions of the parents with respect to the remote learning
experience of their child.
 To identify the ways in which the educators try to provide the students with real
experience within the real and virtual learning experience in order to affect the best
practice.
 To elucidate the significance of the remote learning for the children and identify whether
the learners can learn in a collaborative manner.
 To recommend strategies which could help the tutors in encouraging the children during
their online and remote learning experience.
Research Questions
1. What are views of the parents in context of online learning?

2. What are the ways used by teachers that helps them in providing the students with real life
experiences while learning remotely?
3. What is the significance of remote learning with respect to students?
Background of the Study
The imposition of the lockdowns across the globe led to the emergence of technology all
over the world. The COVID 19 made it essential for the schools, universities and the other
educational authorities to implement the use of technology in order to encourage the learning and
development of the students. The COVID 19 has led to an increase in the use of technology in
order to carry out different tasks during their activities as during the lockdowns, the children
were not allowed to move away from their homes in order to study (Mukherjee, 2019). The
present report aims to determine the relevant strategies which the primary teachers should utilize
for the purpose of ensuring that their teaching practices provides the students with additional
high yield scaffolds in order to encourage and motivate the learners during the process of remote
learning.
Significance of the Study
Since the present research is based on the concept of digital learning and suggests
strategies that will be helpful for the primary teachers in order to motivate the learners and
engage them towards the process of remote learning, therefore, it will be beneficial for other
researcher scholars who are planning to research in a similar subject. It will also hold significant
for different types of schools in order to determine the strategies and implement its use in order
to enhance the learning and development of the students. Also, it will be beneficial for the
education industry as a whole.
Rationale
The major reason behind conducting this study is to enlist the strategies which can be
used by the primary teachers for the purpose of engaging the students within the process of
online and remote learning. This is so, because, it has been observed that it is difficult to control
the students while they are learning through online platforms with the increasing use of
technological platforms in order to continue to the learning of the students. It is difficult for the
primary teachers to engage the students and hold their interest within the subject throughout the
class during the online learning experience. Therefore, it is essential to determine certain ways
which could help the primary teachers into eliminating this issue.

Structure of the Thesis
There are majorly six chapters within this research. The first chapter is introduction
which includes the aim of the study, objectives behind conducting the study, research questions,
research background, overview, research rationale and the significance of the study. The second
chapter of the study refers to the literature review. In this chapter several themes are drafted
keeping in mind the subject of the study and tries to determine the various important information
in relation to the topic of the study. The literature review is specifically based on the secondary
sources of information which relates to the subject of the research. The third chapter is the
research methodology (Melnikovas, 2018). The research methodology is the method of
conducting a research. This chapter of the study explains about the method of the research, the
type of the research, research philosophy, design, approach, method of data collecting, the
technique which has been used in order to analyse the information that has been collected for the
purpose of conducting the study. The chapter four is based on the findings of the study. This
chapter presents the data and findings with respect to the study and analyses the same in order to
form the relevant conclusions. The chapter five of the research is based on the discussion. It
depicts the major achievements of the study and states their results. The last chapter that is
chapter six is the conclusion. It summarizes the major findings of the research, states all the
relevant and major findings of the study and allow the reader to develop an understanding
towards the research on their own.
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
The literature review can be referred to as an overview of the findings with respect to the
subject of the study. The sources within the subject of the study includes scholarly articles,
journals, books, government reports, websites, etc. The literature review is used for the purpose
of reviewing each of the sources taken into consideration.
Theme-1: To determine the views and opinions of parents with respect to online lectures of
primary students.
According to author, it has been identified that many parents were quite satisfied with the
schools try to provide their students with online platforms in order to continue their learning and
development. This is so, because, due to the outbreak of Covid 19, the parents started to feel that
the learning, development and the growth of the children will get restricted due to the imposition

of lock down in various countries all over the world. Due to imposition of the lock down, the
schools, colleges, universities and each and every department across the world was shut in order
to stop the spread of corona virus. However, due to the imposition of lock down, the education of
the kids was put on hold which created a pressure on the parents of the children with respect to
their education, learning and development. However, the emergence of technology leading to the
development of online platforms which can help the students in continuing their learning process
while staying at home.
As investigated by author, the parents were happy as now the child was in front their eyes
and was easily able to access the educational lessons while sitting at home. The development of
the online platforms allowed the students to continue their learning and development without
putting their education on hold. Due to the development of the online classes, the students had
the opportunity to record the classes and revisit them as and when it is required by the students
during their learning process. Many parents felt satisfied with the concept of online classes as
they also had the opportunities to listen to tutor while he is teaching the students within the class
and analyse whether the students are understanding whatever has been taught within the class.
Online lectures allowed the parents to a part of the classes of their child and decide for
themselves whether the tutors are providing the students with engaging techniques within the
class or not. Also, the parents were able to determine the engagement of the child with the
teacher. This means does their child raise questions with teacher while learning remotely and
determine performance of their children within the classroom.
However, as per the views of author Turayeva & Kholmurodova, (2022) it has been
determined that even though, the emergence of the online technology and the development of
online platforms has helped the students in continuing their education while staying safe and
healthy at their home. However, there are a number of parents that do not like the concept of
online lectures. This is because, it has been identified that the it is very difficult for the child to
concentrate during a class while attending an online class because the child gets easily distracted
and have the option to turn off their camera and use other applications in the background. These
factors affect the learning and development of the students and also hampers their mental and
physical development. Also, it has been identified that several parents are not in the favour of
online learning because the children get addicted with the use of mobile phones and the parents
have no option but to provide the students with the smart tools because of their need.

Theme-2: To identify the whether online learning is beneficial for the students or not and
determine whether the students can learn collaboratively while online classes.
As per the view of Rojabi, (2019) Online learning is beneficial for the students as it helps
them to continue their learning process even in pandemic time. Due to outbreak of corona virus it
posed challenges for everyone, no one was remaining as unaffected by its effect, therefore it
imposed the lockdown in the countries which affects the business, trade and other activities.
Educational system is also hit hard by its impact where they are forced to posed the learning
process as no one is allowed to reach premises because of the contagious virus, but to not affect
the learning process of student’s other alternatives have been taken by the institutes which
concerns with the E learning. In E learning, student and teacher can involve in educational
process through software or technological platform. Many universities have taken use of E
learning platform to continue the learning process of their students, where online classes have
been conducted on the daily basis, and also with the flexibility of online platforms also enables
the teacher to conduct the assessment to test the student performance. Author further proposed
that with the online learning it helps in increasing the technical knowledge among students which
is required, as the new demand is seen in emerging technological advancement.
On contrary with the above statement author Hwang, Wang & Lai, (2021) said that online
learning is not advantageous at greater extent as it has created the social isolation among people.
As some student prefers to study in isolation but there is some student who found comfort in
their community within the campus as they can easily share the knowledge with each other and
easily ask for their doubts to their teacher. But because of Pandemic they are not able to interact
with their colleagues, from the E learning they feels sense of isolation which impact their mental
health, due to this some students also reported that they are facing depression and other health
problem because they are not able to converse with their colleagues and not able to do social
gathering. However, author (Winkler, Weingart & Söllner (2020) stated that Online learning is
useful for the students in every aspect, as now new technological devices are able to provide the
feature like virtual communication so that students can solve their isolation problem. there are
many devices which are available that supports the messaging system and video conferencing so
that students can easily interact with others and it also incorporates them to asked for their
queries in message section, so that they can easily get the answer of it. author also said that

because of Online learning student can easily look back to the previous materials in order to
conduct the in-depth research for their better understanding.
From the view point of author Alqurashi, (2019) Online learning have encouraged the
collaboration among the students, as most of the instructors involves the collaborative activities
during the delivery of their online lectures that leads to efficient student performance. Students
can easily lay out their work while discussing with others, there are collaborative online platform
which is used for the educational purpose as well. During pandemic zoom, slack, google
classroom and other collaborative tools are popularly used, as this tools have the better interface
and easy navigation which everyone can understand and use it. for the education purpose
teachers post the link of their class with just one click students can attend the class, these
collaborative tools also provide the better services like clear videos and audio services, where the
teachers can also post the class lecture materials so that students can use it. E learning platform
also supports the online community system where the students can easily become a part of the
community so that they can interact with their colleagues and discuss over the topic. Online
communities help in developing knowledge among students as they can easily share their
knowledge with each other, overall it also solves the problem of isolation among the student and
hence helps in improvising their performance.
Author Aldholay & et.al (2018) argued that students cannot learn collaboratively over the
online platform because of some reason where major concern is regarding the internet
connectivity as well as technical knowledge. Earlier before pandemic there is no such thoughts to
ever rely on the online platform for learning, so instructors do not show their concern towards
developing the technical knowledge among students. Because of lack of technical knowledge
many students as well teacher has faced the lot of problem to commence with the online software
to join the lecture. Network problem is also major issue which is raised, as due to poor internet
connectivity some students are not able to join their classes and online communities which also
posed challenge for their collaborative work.
Theme-3 To determine the ways in which the teachers provide the students with real life
experience while learning online at remote places.
According to the Muir & et.al (2019) learner engagement during the lecture is essential it
helps in enhancing their knowledge that incorporates with their learning goals. But after the
sudden outbreak of Corona have created a situation where it was difficult to conduct the classes

on premises, it has led to shift the educational system over the online platform, where classes
have been conducted through various software tool. The things which the teachers are concerns
with to engage their students with the lectures, as online platform are interesting and also it
distracts the student to check their social media accounts it ultimately affects their learning
process. In such instructors can proceed to take the measures such as being present for their
students, as by personalising the learning materials as to provide own recording instructional
videos it helps the student to learn the topic whenever they required it. However, author Vashist
& Chugh, (2022) said that by providing the videos is not only a solution, as some student started
preferring the videos and do not attend the lectures, as they already know that at the end of
session they will be provided with the course videos, thus it affects their whole learning process.
Author (Bailey & Lee (2020) proposed that other way which the instructors can proceed
with engaging the students with interesting learning materials like using the interactive features
of the collaborative tool as to not only limits to video conferencing but they can also proceed to
take use of digital whiteboard as it helps in engaging the students with the course material. By
using white board, they can present the charts, pictures, play clips so learners can completely
indulge with the lecture. Author further proposed that other way can be to conduct the one on
one session as to discuss with the students and to arrange the question and answer activity that
also helps in examining the knowledge of the students, as it keeps the learner to stay focused
over the lecture topic. In contradict with the above statement author (Dutton, Ryzna & Long,
(2018) said that One on one session is time consuming approach, as it is not possible that every
student will take part in it as some might skip it, thus it does not support their maximum
engagement within the online lecture. For that it is important for the teachers to make sure to
conduct such during the lecture not in beginning or in end for the better result.
Author Meskhi, Ponomareva & Ugnich (2019) said that there are some of the
collaborative tools are able to support the group activities, as teachers can proceed to assign the
group tasks to the students, as with this learner can easily communicate with their colleagues, as
group chat is also present over the online tool so learners can move further to complete their task.
Such activities help them to engage with the class and also helps in constructing the new
knowledge among them. Author Kolekar, Pai, & MM, (2018) argued that some students might
misuse the chat option, thus over the online tools there is no such feature that teacher can track it,
so there is an highest probability that some students can use it for their fun purpose. Overall

online tools are not able to give the real life learning experience to the students. On contrary with
above statement author Hasan & Khan, (2020) said, while using the software teachers can easily
increase the level of engagement of student within the online lecture, as by starting the class
forum is another and better approach. For that teachers can begin to use the reliable tools which
are safe and specially designed by their institute, so that they can easily monitor the student
activity over the tools. Teachers can also begin to provide the feedbacks to student during their
online tasks as it helps them to focus on their work and to improvise their work for delivering the
better output of the task.
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research type
There are basically two types of research, namely, qualitative research and the
quantitative research. The qualitative research can be described as a research which considers the
data for the purpose of analysing and forming conclusions with respect to the study in the non-
numerical format. On the other hand, a research which makes use of all the data that is in the
format of numbers in order to form the relevant conclusions with respect to the subject of the
study is referred to the quantitative research. The present research is a quantitative research and
has made use of data that in the form of numeric and numbers. The effective utilization of the
quantitative data has helped the research scholar in attaining a great degree of knowledge in the
context of the study (Snyder, 2019). The use of quantitative methods has helped the research
scholar in clearly observing and interpreting the solutions and strategies which can help the
primary teachers in the attracting and engaging the primary students during their online and
remote learning experience within the study. The quantitate research has also helped in clearly
communicating the objectives of the data using numbers and relevant statistics.
Research approach
Research approach can be described as the plans which helps the research scholar in
conducting research. It provides the research scholar with an approach to carry out the research
effectively within the given context. There are majorly two types of research approach which are
used by the research scholars for the purpose of conducting research. They are inductive
approach and the deductive approach. The inductive approach of research is specifically used
during the qualitative research. The inductive approach helps the research scholars in analysing