Research and Analysis: Renewable Energy and Green Tech in Jordan

This report examines the future of renewable energy and green technology in Jordan, focusing on the country's efforts to transition from fossil fuels. It highlights Jordan's challenges, including its reliance on imported energy and the impact of regional instability. The report analyzes the country's national energy policy, which aims to increase the share of renewable energy sources like solar and wind power, and the development of the Green Corridor project. It also provides a literature review, discussing the economic and technical impacts of integrating large-scale renewable energy projects into the grid. The research questions explore the integration of renewable energy sources, energy efficiency, and the formulation of plans to shift to a more renewable energy model. The report also includes a proposed research timeline, detailing the phases of prewriting, organizational tasks, inscription and management, and comprehensive suggestions.

Title of Research:
Research and analysis about the future challenges and development related to the renewable
energy and green technology in Jordan.
Introduction:
Jordan is capable for turning the crisis into an opportunity, as per Jordan’s minister of
international cooperation and planning; it is one of the nations which don’t have any oil
construction nearby. By 2010, a law was adopted by Jordan for setting the framework on
strategy implementation. Jordan’s government replaced the gas with the diesel at the price
over 5 times. During the crisis, this country kicked at a higher gear as the government went
straight into the stability program named as the Macroeconomic Stability Programme. Jordan
made an IMF arrangement for the program reformation in the energy sector.1
The optimum configuration is being chosen on the basis of every area’s renewable energy
potential. In the southwest and south region, there are various optimum solutions such as PV
system, batteries and diesel generator. In the other regions, wind is also being included. A
hybrid system which consists of 20 kw Photovoltaic system and 10kw diesel generator is
being elaborated already in previous researches as the optimal electrification option.2
Green growth can be elaborated as the 5 interlinking results which can impact each other in
both ways either positive or negative. Sustained financial growth highlights the essentials of
the economic growth of Jordan by being robust and diverse for supporting people-centred
development. The greenhouse gas emission minimizations and the avoidance highlight the
significance of green growth in the contribution of national and global efforts to mitigate the
weather change.
The aim of the national energy policy at Jordan is to provide the adequate energy at very
cheap rate for sustainability development.
To minimize the burden at the economy of Jordan, the plan is centred on the exploitation of
entirely available local energy sources for minimizing the imported energy which rely to the
possible extent. This strategy aims which are shown below:
1 Korina Lopez Weforum.org, [ 2015 ] https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2015/10/why-we-need-renewable-
energy-to-end-poverty/ 27 February 2020.
2 Andrea Franco and others ' A review of sustainable energy access and technologies for healthcare facilities in
the global south ' 2017 22 SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AND ASSESSMENTS 92-105.

 Ensure the security of energy supply in all forms and strengthen regional
interconnection for gas and the electricity.
 Diversify the energy sources by gradually replacing the fossil fuels in various
companies for generation of electricity.
 Enhancement in the usage of local energy resources, especially for oil shale and
uranium.
 Increment of the shares in renewable energy in the total energy mixture.
 Adoption of the privatization principle for alleviates administrative and procedural
limitations.
 Attracting the gas and oil companies for exploring in Jordan.3
Research Questions:
The present research elaborates several aims for renewable energy and green technology to
achieve the following:
 Integrate about the planning of new and renewable energy sources for green
technology development.
 Improve the energy efficiency in terms of national economy.
 Assess the new ways of renewable energy utilization.
 Formulate the different plans which aimed at the shifting of current energy
dependence structure to being more renewable and the efficient model.
 Develop the awareness about the roles of the renewable energy systems in all the
segments of the economy.
Literature review:
The opportunity of green growth in Jordan is very much clear. The profits of green growth
development can overshadow the execution price, with the national situations of Jordan.
Further, there is clear political support in Jordan for the renewables as the major strands to
greening various segments and the other green growth refrains in Jordan’s vision 2025.4
Nearly about 96% of the country’s electricity production is manufactured by the imported
fossil fuel and the natural gases. Additionally, several explosive attacks are being carried out
3 Yazan Al-bakhit Pub.iaea.org, [ 2018 ]
https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/cnpp2018/countryprofiles/Jordan/Jordan.htm 27 February
2020
4 Yaseen m. Khayyat Greengrowthknowledge.org, [ 2017 ]
https://www.greengrowthknowledge.org/sites/default/files/A%20National%20Green%20Growth%20Plan
%20for%20Jordan.pdf 27 February 2020

on the main gas feeder between Egypt and Jordan from 2011-2014 which utilized to natural
deliver gases for generating 88% of the Jordan’s required energy construction. With the no
longer usage of pipeline consequently, the government was relied on the alternate Egyptian
gas through the diesel and heavy fuel for operating power plants on the additional cost of JD4
billion in 2012.5
In the literature survey, the economic and technical effects of the integrating large scale
sustainable energy projects of PV system and wind to the transmission grid in Jordan upto
2025 is being investigated. The current grid transmission system for the electricity network in
Jordan is being modelled and utilized as well.
The large sustainable energy systems of wind and PV proposed through the master energy
plan at Jordan is being introduced to the grid. DISSILENT and WASP software are being
used for evaluating both the impacts such as economic and technical impacts. It is being
investigated that till 2018 Jordan’s transmission grid will face the small amount of over loads,
however most of the transmission line will be overloaded in future nearly 2020.6
Solar power plant plays an essential role in the decrement of the environmental pollution. It
directly contributes in the reduction of carbon dioxide which is being instigated by the
conventional fossil fuel power plants. As per the Greenpeace study, the solar power plant
usage can neglect 362 million tons of the carbon dioxide emission universally from 2002 to
2025.7
The energy supply of the power plant depends upon the 96% of the oil import, natural gas,
electricity and oil products which accounted about 26% of the net imports and 8.5% of GDP
in 2017. In 2013, RE resources deliver an extreme influence to the net energy mixture about
2%. The national energy plan for 2007 to 2020 is geared near the increment reliance on the
local energy sources by improving their portion from 4 to 40 per cent by utilising the shale oil
and the substitute RE sources such as wind and the solar power.8
5 Ali m Baniyounes ' Renewable energy potential in jordan ' 2017 12 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF
APPLIED ENGINEERING RESEARCH 8323-8331.
6 Ahmad t. abu Dyak , Emad o Abu-lehyeh and Suhil Kiwan ' Assessment of implementing jordan's renewable
energy plan on the electricity grid ' 2017 11 JORDAN JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL AND INDUSTRIAL
ENGINEERING 113 -119.
7 Omar Badran , Emad Abdulhadi and Rustum Mamlook ' Evaluation of solar electric power technologies in
jordan ' ( 2010 ) 4 Jordan Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering <
http://jjmie.hu.edu.jo/files/v4n1/17.pdf > accessed 27 February 2020
8 Mohammad Al-addous and others ' Key aspects and feasibility assessment of a proposed wind farm in jordan '
2020 15 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LOW-CARBON TECHNOLOGIES 97–105.

Jordan import about 94% of its gas and oil to encounter its energy requirements, leaving it
vulnerable to the changes in the fuel costs. Jordan’s demand for energy is enhancing at the
rate of 3% annum. In response, the administration set a goal of acquiring 10% of its energy
requirements from the sustainable energy resources through reducing electricity generation
share from the current 1.13 GW- 1.8 GW through 2020.9
Jordan’s National Electricity Company was started to process the biding proposals from the
initial of three tenders regarding the building of the green corridor plan. Green corridor
targets the capacity enhancement of the electricity transmission network in the south nations.
The European investment bank and the government of France approved loans to Jordan for
the construction of the Green corridor project before a year. The net cost of the Green
corridor plan is expected to reach at approximate 160 million dollars.10
Proposed Research Timeline:
Phases Objective
Phase.1.
Prewriting
Evaluation managerial necessities of the organization, Research setting,
antiquity, and detailed of research difficult.
Phase.2. Recognize and interaction any pertinent bases of data, Investigation
9 Ghaida Abu-rumman , Adnan i Khdair and Sawsan i Khdair ' Current status and future investment potential in
renewable energy in jordan: an overview ' ( 2020 ) 6 Heliyon <
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844020301912?dgcid=rss_sd_all > accessed 27
February 2020
10 Ilias Tsagas Pv magazine - photovoltaics markets and technology, [ 2016 ]
https://www.pv-magazine.com/2016/10/21/jordan-initiates-the-green-corridor-tender-increases-pv-
target_100026611/ 27 February 2020

Organizational
task
economical requirements, Demand essential transcripts
Phase.3.
Inscription and
Management
Generate a 3-page article with the problematic declaration, outline, and
research plan, Crease some supplementary data obligatory, Enhance any
residual facts desirable to broaden the current, Appeal response from
consultant(s) and generations, Review the uneven draft
Phase.4.
Comprehensive
and Acquiesce
Suggestions
Appraise the suggestion necessities and evaluation and reread suggestion
suitably, Repeat consultant(s) and ability about the communication of
reference, Accumulate resources, appraisal and confirm the opinion,
Appeal a duplicate oversee from generations, Pattern final suggestion
copy, Succumb suggestion
References
Lopez K, ' Why we need renewable energy to end poverty, ' weforum.org [Web document]
(2015), < https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2015/10/why-we-need-renewable-energy-to-end-
poverty/ >, accessed 27 February 2020.

Franco A, and others ' A review of sustainable energy access and technologies for healthcare
facilities in the global south ' (2017) 22/2017 SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES
AND ASSESSMENTS pp. 92-105
Al-bakhit Y, ' Country Nuclear Power Profiles 2018 Edition, ' pub.iaea.org [Web document]
(2018), < https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/cnpp2018/countryprofiles/
Jordan/Jordan.htm >, accessed 27 February 2020.
Khayyat Y, ' A National Green Growth Plan for Jordan, ' greengrowthknowledge.org [Web
document] (2017), < https://www.greengrowthknowledge.org/sites/default/files/A
%20National%20Green%20Growth%20Plan%20for%20Jordan.pdf >, accessed 27 February
2020.
Baniyounes A, ' Renewable energy potential in jordan ' (2017) 12/19 INTERNATIONAL
JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENGINEERING RESEARCH pp. 8323-8331
Dyak A, , Abu-lehyeh E, and Kiwan S, ' Assessment of implementing jordan's renewable
energy plan on the electricity grid ' (2017) 11/2 JORDAN JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL
AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING pp. 113 -119
Badran O,, Abdulhadi E, and Mamlook R, ' Evaluation of Solar Electric Power Technologies
in Jordan, ' (2010), 4/ 1 JORDAN JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL AND INDUSTRIAL
ENGINEERING 121 - 128 < http://jjmie.hu.edu.jo/files/v4n1/17.pdf > accessed 27 February
2020.
Al-addous M, and others ' Key aspects and feasibility assessment of a proposed wind farm in
jordan ' (2020) 15/1 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LOW-CARBON TECHNOLOGIES
pp. 97–105
Abu-rumman G,, Khdair A, and Khdair S, ' Current status and future investment potential in
renewable energy in Jordan: An overview, ' (2020), 6/ 2 HELIYON e03346 <
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844020301912?dgcid=rss_sd_all >
accessed 27 February 2020.
Tsagas I, ' Jordan initiates the Green Corridor tender; increases PV target, ' pv magazine -
Photovoltaics Markets and Technology [Web document] (2016), < https://www.pv-

magazine.com/2016/10/21/jordan-initiates-the-green-corridor-tender-increases-pv-
target_100026611/ >, accessed 27 February 2020.