Reviewing Renewable Energy Use in Efficient Industrial Operations

This literature review examines the potential of using renewable energy resources to manage high-efficiency, low-cost industrial operations. It addresses the research question of whether renewable energy can effectively power such operations, considering the industrial sector's significant energy consumption and carbon emissions. The review explores the adoption of green technologies like onsite renewable energy generation and Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) by industries aiming for sustainability. It highlights the economic advantages of PPAs, with examples of leading companies investing in renewable energy. The review also identifies challenges such as equipment costs and power intermittency and emphasizes the need for energy flexibility and optimization strategies. Ultimately, the research aims to address the gap in existing literature regarding the specific application of renewable energy in highly efficient and cost-effective industrial settings, providing valuable insights for manufacturers seeking sustainable energy solutions. Desklib provides access to this and many other solved assignments for students.

Running head: RENEWABLE ENERGY
RENEWABLE ENERGY
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Research Title: Can high efficiency, low-cost industrial operations be managed by using
Renewable energy resources.

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Introduction
The industrial sector consumes almost about one third of the energy that is used
worldwide and this data is from the year 2007. It is important to mention that about 25 percent of
the world carbo dioxide emission is a result of the energy used in the industrial process. A typical
semiconductor facility utilizes almost about 15 to 35 megawatts of power and the power is
required to keep all the sections and processes performing. Thus it can be said that majority of
the carbon emitted per year is 100 to 250 thousand tonnes and the reason is that majority of the
electricity is generated by burning fossil fuel. Just to highlight around 704 kg of carbon dioxide
is produced during the generation of 1 MWh of electricity. The large amount of pollution is due
to the release to the air by burning oil, gas and burning coal (Jin, Jimenez and Tian 2013).
Therefore, there comes a need of how to integrate the renewable energy resources with the
industrial process so that the energy consumption from the normal grid can be minimized. This
study will be based on the question "Can high efficiency, low-cost industrial operations be
managed by using Renewable energy resources".
Research question
Can high efficiency, low-cost industrial operations be managed by using Renewable
energy resources?
Literature Review
To cope with the climate change, several industrial consumers are viewing the renewable
energy as a better solution for attaining the business sustainability as well as reducing the impact
on the environment. The two green technologies that are being taken up by the industries with
the emotive of reducing the low carbon operation are the onsite renewable energy generation and

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the Power purchase agreement (PPA) (Santana-Viera et al. 2015). Itis important to note that the
within the PPA it has been seen that the large contractors signs a long term contract with big
solar and wind energy firms for the purpose of buying the electric energy. It is important to
mention that in the year 2015, 1600 MW of the renewable energy is bought through the PPA
contracts in USA alone in comparison to the renewable energy bought from the year 2008 to the
year 2012. Furthermore, it is important to note that the contractual price for the year 2015 was
remarkably low during the year 2015 and it was 50 US dollar/MWh in comparison to the 100 US
dollar/MWh in the year 2008. It is also important to mention that the leading PPA companies
that are bought the renewable energy are Microsoft, Apple, Dow Chemical, Facebook, Amazon,
Walmart and Google. In the year 2015 it has been seen that Google has contracted and bought
about 2000MW of energy. The company is also planning to attain 100 percent renewability in its
operations. It is important to highlight that the PPA between the organizations and the power
developers have created a win situation for both the parties (Li et al. 2017). The reason is that
the PPA helps in securing the revenue flow of the revenue from the energy developers. The
consumers on the other hand is seen to achieve the price volatility and environmental
commitment on the wholesale and spot market. The idea of the energy conservation mainly
based on the reducing the idle time of the machines and the increase the machine usage so that
less amount of electricity is consumed and less energy is wasted during the time of production.
The authors have highlighted that a hybrid energy supply model is to be used so as to achieve the
industrial operations that are carbon neutral. Therefore, the reduce the cost of energy, simulation
based optimisation are used and the best solution is to have an onsite and offsite solar and wind
power (Beier, Thiede and Herrmann 2017).

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The equipment cost and the power intermittency are the main obstacles that actually the
reduce the usage of the solar based generation and the wind based solar energy generation. It is
important to mention that repair of the wind turbine equipment is actually 20 to 30 percentage of
its lifecycle costs. It is important to mention that the energy flexibility requires a detailed
amount of understanding the factors that readily influence the demand of energy for changing the
demand both at the system level and he manufacturing process. On a process level it has been
seen that the energy demand of a specific manufacturing process is inversely proportional to the
removal rate of the material. Therefore, it highlights that the both the energy demand and the
processing speed can be adjusted (Jin, Shi and Park 2018).
Research gap
Considering the fact that none of the research paper have highlighted whether the usage
of the highly efficient and low cost industrial operation. It is important to mention that majority
of the research work is highly inclusive of how the renewable energy can be integrated to the
grid system and hoe efficiently it can help in energy generation and energy utilization. There are
several ways through which it has been done but the title of the research is not addressed by any
of the journals. Therefore, this research provides a potential ground where the research can be
conducted in a way so as to address the issue (Owusu and Asumadu-Sarkodie 2016.).
Methodology
The research will be a secondary analysis and which means collection of data from the
journals that have already conducted studies. It has been seen that the journals are the biggest
source of evidences and data that can be effectively used to conduct a secondary analysis.
Therefore, the methodology of the study is to use the primary journals and use the same data for
the secondary analysis. It is important to mention that the primary journal will be searched over

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the online search engine like Google Scholar. The key words that will be used for searching the
journals are the industrial process, and renewable energy, highly efficient and cost effective.
Approximately 20 journals will be required to conduct a literature review and it will be used to
cover the entire process and conduct the gap in the research and data analysis.
Project strategy
The strategy of the project is to conduct a literature review that will give an idea of what
the primary researches are all about. The research will be completed within a time period of 5
months. The different stages of the project will include the search of the articles on the online
search engines and the online journal repositories, and then presentation of overall review of the
collected data. The perceived challenges will arise from the proper literature review of the
primary journals and finding the research gap within it. The challenges will be overcome by
effective means of literature review so that the data and the analysis does not get manipulated.
Importance of the proposed project
The proposed project is important because often it is seen that the cost of the renewable
energy gets high and it increases the cost of operation with instruments that are largely
inefficient and are unable to handle the production process in a proper way. It is important to
mention that the equipment that are highly efficient and cost effective seldom perform perfectly
and does not waste energy. However, the main issue is that the such machines often do not
require renewable energy as it is already energy efficient and it is able to cope with the electricity
received from the normal electricity grid. Therefore, this research will enlighten the
manufacturers that are under the burden of using renewable energy that are not cos effective.

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Reference
Beier, J., Thiede, S. and Herrmann, C., 2017. Energy flexibility of manufacturing systems for
variable renewable energy supply integration: Real-time control method and simulation. Journal
of cleaner production, 141, pp.648-661.
Jin, T., Jimenez, J. and Tian, Z., 2013, August. Managing demand response for manufacturing
enterprises via renewable energy integration. In 2013 IEEE International Conference on
Automation Science and Engineering (CASE) (pp. 645-650). IEEE.
Jin, T., Shi, T. and Park, T., 2018. The quest for carbon-neutral industrial operations: renewable
power purchase versus distributed generation. International Journal of Production Research,
56(17), pp.5723-5735.
Li, B., Tian, Y., Chen, F. and Jin, T., 2017. Toward net-zero carbon manufacturing operations:
an onsite renewables solution. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 68(3), pp.308-321.
Owusu, P.A. and Asumadu-Sarkodie, S., 2016. A review of renewable energy sources,
sustainability issues and climate change mitigation. Cogent Engineering, 3(1), p.1167990.
Santana-Viera, V., Jimenez, J., Jin, T. and Espiritu, J., 2015. Implementing factory demand
response via onsite renewable energy: a design-of-experiment approach. International Journal of
Production Research, 53(23), pp.7034-7048.