Renewable Energy Report: Exploring Sustainable Energy Solutions

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Renewable energy
S t u d e n t n a m e s
Abstract
The report describes the generation, distribution and cost
analysis of renewable energy. The connection of renewable
energy with the local bodies is also stated in this report. All
in all, this report is the prediction of future about all visible
renewable energies.

Table of Contents
LO1 Explore potential renewable energy resources, including current storage and generation
technologies................................................................................................................................................2
1.1 Solar energy.......................................................................................................................................2
1.2 Hydro power system..........................................................................................................................3
1.3 Wind energy system..........................................................................................................................4
1.4 Tidal energy.......................................................................................................................................5
1.5 Adoption rate of hydro power generation.........................................................................................6
Recommendation...................................................................................................................................6
1.6Adoption rate of wind energy.............................................................................................................6
Recommendations...................................................................................................................................7
LO2 Determine the optimum combination and efficiencies of renewable energy technologies for a
particular location.......................................................................................................................................7
2.1 Connection of wind energy with local bodies....................................................................................7
2.2 Connection of Hydro energy with local bodies..................................................................................8
2.3 Choose a remote area and discuss how renewable energy systems will bring benefit to the people
living in the area......................................................................................................................................8
2.4 Choose a location in United Kingdom and list the efficiencies of a variety of combinations of
renewable energy technologies for the chosen location.........................................................................9
LO3 Conduct a cost-benefit analysis between renewable and conventional energy sources to determine
the most viable option................................................................................................................................9
3.1 Design a solar power system for a three bedroom property in London. The design should include
the cost of installation and construction of the system...........................................................................9
3.2 Contrast the installation and construction costs of all available renewable energy resources........10
Capital cost............................................................................................................................................10
Variable cost..........................................................................................................................................10
LO4 Explain socio-economic, legislative and environmental factors involved in the consideration and
selection of other approaches to renewable energy resources and technologies....................................11
4.1 Examine how socio - economic, legislative and environmental factors affect the selection, set-up
and operation of renewable energy sources.........................................................................................11
Legislative..............................................................................................................................................11
Environmental factors...........................................................................................................................11

4.2 Evaluate environmental analysis and planning tools such as PESTLE to identify possible sources of
conflicts of interest................................................................................................................................11
4.3 Provide supported and justified recommendations and original ideas for an effective
environmental analysis of alternative approaches to the selection of renewable energy resources....12
4.4 Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................12
List of figures
Figure 1 Schematic diagram of solar energy system....................................................................................4
Figure 2 Schematic diagram of Hydro power generation............................................................................5
Figure 3 Schematic diagram of Wind energy system...................................................................................6
Figure 4 Schematic diagram of Tidal energy system....................................................................................6
Figure 5 Adoption rate of Hydro energy......................................................................................................7
Figure 6 Adoption rate of wind energy........................................................................................................8
Figure 7 connection of wind energy with local body...................................................................................9
Figure 8 Connection of hydro energy with local body.................................................................................9
Figure 9 Pestle analysis..............................................................................................................................13
List of tables
Table 1 Appliances to run the apartment..................................................................................................10

LO1: Explore potential renewable energy resources, including current storage and
generation technologies.
Solar energy
Solar energy renewable system, the electricity is generated from the sun's rays. Solar
panels absorb the sun's heat. In solar panels, PV cells are configured in such a way that they can
produce a suitable amount of voltage to run the appliances. The voltage comes from the PV
channel is utilized to charge the battery from the charge controller. This controller is used to
charge the battery at define voltage and current. There are different kinds of inverters which
operate at different voltages. The standard form of voltages is 12 full system, 24-volt system, and
48-volt system. In my observation, the systems having power more than 3 Kilowatt is a 24-volt
system. This system which has the capacity of power more than 3 Kilowatt is operated at
48 voltages. The hybrid inverter is used to maintain the voltages and current to run the
appliances. The priorities are defined by the engineers. The first priority is set at the
solar, second priority is the utility and third will be the batteries. If the solar is not
available, then the load will run by the utility, and if both sources are not present, the battery will
give the power to load.
Figure 1 Schematic diagram of solar energy system
Sun
PV Cells
made by
silicon.
Solar
Charger
Controller
Hybrid
Inverter
Domestic
Load.

Hydro power system
This energy system is usually set at a large level, for this purpose the dam is constructed.
Nature plays an important role in the construction of the dam. In my observation, the one side of
the dam is that side which is built by nature. This is the main reason the dam is constructed in the
early station so the capital cost in construction is reduced. In hydropower energy generation,
there are subparts which are very important to describe in this procedure; the first one is surge
tank. A surge tank is revealed the worth by its name it's a kind of place where we can store the
water in a large amount. Extra water is stored in this tank which is used to rotate the turbine.
Right after the Surge tank, penstock is used to transfer the water from one place to another with
the specific pressure. The penstock is the kind of duct which is responsible for the travelling of
water. The valve is used to control the diameter of these ducts. The turbine is rotated, and
electricity is generated by the hydroelectric power generation system. This generator is
connected with the grid station and the distribution process is started.

Figure 2 Schematic diagram of Hydro power generation
Wind energy system
In the generation of the wind energy system, wind turbines are used to generate the
electricity. These wind turbines are rotated by the flow of air. Before the installation of the wind
turbine, the speed of air is measured and then the location is selected. Wind turbines are designed
according to the flow of air. After the generation of electricity, grid station is responsible to
distribute this energy for their users. The wind energy system is adopting by people
exponentially. These renewable energies are the future of world.
Dam
Surge Tank
Valve to
Control the
flow of water
Pen stock
Turbine
Electricity
generation

Figure 3 Schematic diagram of Wind energy system
Tidal energy
In this renewable energy, the ocean waves or the river wave from the depth of water is
used to rotate the turbine. During the vibration, rotation of turbines occurs. This renewable
energy is suitable for those places where water is available in excessive amount. In the given
schematic diagram, it is shown how the generation process is started. The turbine is rotated from
the motion of water and then and this turbine rotates the rotor of the generator and the electricity
is generated, the distribution process started from the grid station and it is distributed to the end
user.
Flow of air is used to rotate the turbine
Drive train including stator and rotor
Wind Turbine
Grid station
Distribution of Electricity
towards the end users.

Figure 4 Schematic diagram of Tidal energy system
Adoption rate of hydro power generation
Hydropower plants are different in size and type these projects depend upon the
environment and climate change of nature. Hydroelectricity is adopted worldwide especially in
Europe for instance in Canada according to the statistic the installed capacity is 79313 megawatt.
This resource of renewable energy playing the main role in the generation of electricity, several
of hydroelectric power plants are still in under construction and the target is defined in next 5 to
6 years that target will be achieved by the year. The total energy generated from the hydropower
electric is 385500 giga Watt per hour. Hydropower electricity is supplying the17.5% of world's
electricity according to a research report, Norway is getting 99% of its electricity from
hydroelectric generation power plant 55% in Switzerland and 40% in Sweden (Connolly, 2010).
Recommendation
Hydropower can be installed at a small scale, Mini and micro scale. At a small scale, it is
recommended that the generated power should be vary between 100 kilowatts and 1 Megawatt,
this electricity will be fed into the grid station directly. At mini scale hydropower, the installed
capacity will vary between 5 kilowatts to 100 kilowatts, this capacity is also given to utility but
T i d a l e n e r g y s y s t e m
Drive Train
Generator
Power Grid Station
Distribution
Load of Appliances

the charging part will be available. At the micro scale, the classification is a little bit different
from the previous because in this case DC generator is used to produce the electrical power that
will be very between few hundred Watts up to 5 kilowatts, the battery will be charged by a
charge controller.
Figure 5 Adoption rate of Hydro energy
Adoption rate of wind energy
In Europe countries, the shared electricity of wind will be exceeded by more than
12 present. According to research, in Denmark, 70% of electricity is generated from renewable
energy. The government is also taking more initiative to expand the area of renewable energy.
This energy is adopted and accepted worldwide and its generation capacity is increasing day by
day. At the agriculture, industrial, domestic, commercial level wind energy is working elegantly.
Recommendations
The wind turbines can be installed at Industrial and residential level. AT industrial level, the
large base turbine is required to install the plant. At domestic level residential wind turbine are
required and worth enough to generate electricity for one home.

Figure 6 Adoption rate of wind energy
LO2 Determine the optimum combination and efficiencies of renewable energy
technologies for a particular location.
Connection of wind energy with local bodies.
In wind energy case, the local bodies are the home users, the Industrialist, etc. At
domestic level small scale wind turbines are used. These turbines at domestic level are
preferable because it is a one-time investment moreover; the operation cost is very minor. In the
United Kingdom, these turbines are also used at National level, the unique patterns are defined to
install such kind of projects, the renewable energy reports also configuring the facts and figure
and conflicts which are faced the due to the installation of these renewable projects. A large
number of grid stations are made to fulfill the demand of people. From a grid station, low
transmission lines and high transmission lines are utilized to transfer this electricity from one
place to another. Transformers are used to provide the proper amount of voltage in a single
phase for domestic level and three phases for the industrial level. Transformer step down the
voltage and these voltages are ready to operate at a specific quantity.

Figure 7 connection of wind energy with local body.
Connection of Hydro energy with local bodies.
Hydropower energy system referred to the conversion of flowing water into the
electricity. This renewable energy is divided into some category for the connection with the
local system. In the first method, the dam is created to create a large reservoir of water and
electricity is generated. This electricity connected with the national grid station and distributed
towards the end user, in the second method the pump storage facility second Reservoir is created.
The third method is run of river this is mostly used in the worldwide electricity is generated from
the running river some of the reservoirs are created without the construction of the dam.
Figure 8 Connection of hydro energy with local body

Choose a remote area and discuss how renewable energy systems will bring benefit to the
people living in the area.
Renewable energy is sustainable energy. Do not use fossil fuel so it reduces the
greenhouse gas emission. The remote area where the accessibility of electricity is very difficult
renewable energy is the best solution for that area people can utilize this electricity in making
their foods.
Choose a location in United Kingdom and list the efficiencies of a variety of combinations
of renewable energy technologies for the chosen location.
London is actively participating in the renewable development projects and its renewable
industry is growing exponentially. The government of London is focusing on the elimination of
the green gas and it is also observed that the overall health of people living in London is
improved. In London, an action plan is introduced with name ‘A climate change action plan’,
through this plan the 25 percent of electricity is switched on the better resource of electricity.
The government also set a target of shifting the maximum power generation on the renewable
energy resource.