HSO4008: Introduction to Research & Evidence-Based Practice Report

This report provides an overview of research and evidence-based practice within nursing homes, focusing on the importance of delivering effective care and support to improve the quality of life for residents. It justifies the selection of nursing homes as a critical area within health and social care, highlighting the role of these facilities in providing care for individuals who do not require hospitalization but cannot be cared for at home. The report discusses current statistics related to nursing homes, evaluates statements from NHS and NICE, and analyzes the importance of research in health and social care using two articles that contrast research methodologies, including validity and reliability. It also differentiates between qualitative and quantitative data collection methods and examines the impact of COVID-19 on nursing home staff experiences and the financial performance of nursing homes in relation to assisted living capacity.

HSO4008 Introduction to
research and evidence based
practice

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
Justification of chosen topic...................................................................................................3
Importance of research in health and social care....................................................................4
Qualitative and quantitative data............................................................................................5
Introduction of the article.......................................................................................................6
Research method used by author............................................................................................7
Validity and reliability of the article......................................................................................8
Finding....................................................................................................................................9
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Health and social care refers to the term which related with the services that are available in
health and social care which can includes within UK. In this chosen area is social care support
(Nursing Homes) in which there is need to delivery effective care and support to individual
which can provide better impact on improving quality of life. The major of role which is
performed by the chosen health and social care sector is to provide support and care to the
number of people. In addition to this, the role of nursing is termed as place which is associated
with the people who don’t need to be in the hospital but they cannot have cared for at home
(Alftberg and et. al., 2018). Therefore, most of the nursing home have the nursing aides and they
have skilled nurses on the hand which is defined with 24 hours a day. Moreover, the some of the
nursing home are usually prepared to look like as hospital, they are filled with facility and
equipment which is followed for the care and support of patient. In this project, the discussion is
based on the health and social care which is chosen as nursing home as support care for the
population. In addition to this, the current statistic which is based on the nursing home. The
statement of NHS and NICE is also evaluated. However, importance of the research in health
and social care is also analysed with the aspect of tow article which is provide detail contrast of
research methodology which include validity and reliability of the research (Barnett and et. al.,
2020).
MAIN BODY
Justification of chosen topic
With this contrast the nursing home or the care home is selected as area for the health and
social care. In this, the nursing home or care home is also called as the skill nursing facilities that
help to provide the wide range of health and personal care service. In addition to this, the service
which is usually focus on the medical care which is more than the most of the assisted living
facilities. Therefore, the service is usually including nursing care which is based on the 24 hours’
supervision, three meals a day and the assistance with everyday activities. Rehabilitation service
which is based on the physical, occupational, and speech therapy which is made to be available.
There are some of the people who used to stay at the nursing home for the minor period after
taking discharge from the hospital. After the recovery of the patient. They used to take help from
the nursing home which is based on the residents live there which is permanently because they

have ongoing physical or the issue which usually require constant care and the supervision
(Brodtkorb and et. al., 2019).
Board and care homes is defined as the called residential care facilities or the group homes
that is based on the small private facilities. it is usually with the 20 or fewer resident. The room
which may be private or being shared. Resident received which is based on the personal care and
meals which have staff available around the clock. Moreover, the nursing and medical care
usually not provided on site.
The National health service is defined as into the care home which big decision and it can
cost towards the money and budget. Before choosing the care home which is associated with the
patients, it is defined that they have worth considering all the portion. The national health service
that have consider a care home which may be best option that they are associated with the
individual. It is based on the struggling to live alone even with the help from the friend, family or
the paid carer. They are based on the need assessment which is suggested a care home which is
related with the best choice. According to the NICE, the nursing care is a place which is
associated with the people care and support. Moreover, they differ from the hospital because
nurses used to take care of their patient as like home. NICE also used to create various guideline
and standard in order to minimise the risk of error and unfortunate events which may cause issue
with the patient. In the aspect of UK there are total 17598 care home, in this, the residential care
is counted as 12,471 in UK and approx. 5,127 nursing home which play role in the development
of quality of health and care among the people (Davidson and et. al., 2020).
Importance of research in health and social care
The research is used to focus on the various aspect which is related with the role and impact
of nursing care home in the patient life. it is helpful to determine the significance of care home
which is focus on the reliability of the patient that helpful to provide the care and support. The
article which is selected for the review of the area which is related with the health and social care
sector. The purpose of the research is to focus on the relationship which linked with assisted
living capacity, nursing home occupancy, and nursing home which is based on the financial
performance. In addition to this, the relationship between assisted living and nursing home
finance performance which mediated by the nursing home related with occupancy. In addition to
this, they also take part in the recent pandemic COVID-19 in order to provide care and support to
those patient who is admitted in the home as home quarantine. In addition to this, the home staff

experience is worse and difficult because it is challenging that the number of patient require
health service at the same time (Jones and et. al., 2021).
Qualitative and quantitative data
When the collection of data is undertaken then there are two aspects which play role during
the data selection and extraction. In addition to this, the collecting and analysing of data which is
based on the quantitative research are usually refer with the number and statistic while the other
term which is elaborated as the qualitative research majorly deal with the word and the meaning
which is helpful to collect the information which is related with the topic. Moreover, the
quantitative research which is usually expressed in the term of number or graphs. In addition to
this, they are used to test or used to confirm theories and make assumption. This is defined as
type of research which can be used in order to make an establishment that focus on the generalise
fact about a topic. The common quantitative method which mainly include experiments,
observation recorded as the number, and survey with the close ended questions. In addition to
this, qualitative research is also involving within the research which help to express in the term
of word. It is helpfully make an understanding which is related with the concept, thought and
experience which is based on the description way. Common qualitative method which majorly
include interview with the open ended question and the observation which is elaborated with the
term of word, and the literature review that help to explore the concept and the theories (Wang
and et. al., 2018).
There are some of the characteristic which is associated with the quantitative and qualitative
method are:
Quantitative method:
 They are focusing of the testing of theories and hypothesis which is related with the
research questions.
 In this, they are used to analyse through math and various set of statistical analysis which
is followed under various circumstance include graph and data.
 In addition to this, they are mainly focus on the graph, number and the table which
include calculation and formula and many more.
 They require number of respondent for the evaluation and accountable discussion.
 Moreover, they have closed or multiple choice question which is related with the
questions.

 They follow some of the key term which include testing, measurement, objectivity and
many more.
Qualitative research:
 The qualitative research is focus on the different set of exploring ideas and formulation of
theory or the research question which include hypothesis.
 In addition to this, it is also analysing that they are based on the summarisation,
categorisation and interpreting.
 In addition to this, they usually focus on the word which is normal base of expression in
qualitative research.
 In qualitative research, they require few or some of the respondent in order to conduct the
research.
 The open ended question is used to added in order to explore the research question and
collection of data.
 Key term which is relatable with the understanding, context, complexity and subjectivity.
Introduction of the article
Article 1: Front-line Nursing Home Staff Experiences During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Online: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7685055/
In this, the coronavirus disease which is also known as Covid-19 that term as pandemic is
usually create challenge for the nursing homes where the several staff is used to face the issue
which evolving consequence which is based on care for the vulnerable resident population. The
article is usually published by Elizabeth, Terrie, and Rosa in the year 2021 at January 22.
Overall, the objective of the research article is focus on the investigation which is related with
the experience of these front line who is used to work within the nursing home as a healthcare
professional during the Covid-19 which is terrible pandemic (van Barneveld and et. al., 2020).
Moreover, the outcome or the summary of the article state that there are ongoing constraints on
the testing and continued reliance on the crisis of the standard which is used within the extended
use and reuse of the personal protective and equipment’s. Moreover, the administrator is used to
discussed with the burden of the disease which is based on tracking and implementation
sometime which create confusion in term of numerous agencies. There is a worse experience
which is related enhance workload, staffing shortage and also a gather of emotional burden while

caring for the resident facing the significant isolation, illness and the death. In addition to this, in
such situation the lack of organisational communication and teamwork which is based on the
important factor that used to influence the ability of working which is showing the challenging
consequence. Whereas, the nursing home staff are work under various complex situation which
may be frustrated and stressful during the situation and condition of pandemic. These challenges
are added with the significant term which show that they are strained and showing vulnerable
workforce which is more likely to contribute burnout, turnover and the staff shortage in the long
term (Daly and Lewis, 2018).
Article 2: The Role of Assisted Living Capacity on Nursing Home Financial Performance
Online: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6109846/
The instant growth of the assistant living which has been continued in order to decrease
the level of nursing home which is based on the occupancy and the performance which is based
on the financial aspect. Moreover, the main of the article is to examine the relationship which is
based among the assisted living capacity, nursing homes occupancy and the nursing homes that
is linked with the financial performance. In addition to this, they used to explore the relationship
which is based on the living capacity that follow the nursing home financial performance which
is mediated by the nursing home occupancy. In addition to this, the nursing home often provide a
long term support and care which is associated with the patient who is facing issue with chronic
disease or any type of factor which include socially vulnerable individual in the long term care.
while taking the contrast of the nursing home, they are always profitable and financially stable.
In the year 2012, there are average of total facility which help to show the margin which is only
state as 2.1 percent which is associated with profit then it margins became slow. Whereas, the
nursing home or the care home taking advantage in the term of financial factor they usually
associated with the support and care and create stability for them by taking and generating
revenue which provide them proper revenue (Burström and Tao, 2020).
Research method used by author
Article 1: In the article one, the major of the study is based on the qualitative aspect which
provide data or the information which is based on the description and concept. The design is
based on the electronic survey that is associated with the long term care staff. Moreover, the
report is used to summarise the qualitative data which is based or extracted through the open
ended question which is help to show the effect that subset of the respondent in the care homes.

The setting and participant were selected for the article or for the collection of data is using the
152 nursing home staff from the 32 state that include direct care staff and administrator. In
addition to this, the use of social media and professional network in order to disseminate an
electronic survey which is helpful in order to create the survey with close and open-ended
question in order to make convenience sample of the long-term care staff which is related with
the study of staff working in the nursing home (Fattore, 2019).
Article 2: In this, the method which is used in order to obtain the data is from various sources. In
addition to this, the experimental and survey analysis is being take in in order to gather the
information which is related with the licensed assisted living communities and usually focus on
the nursing homes organisations and their quality of services which is delivered to the number of
people. In addition to this, it follows the pattern of sample factor that consists of various set of
nursing homes, where 8889 nursing homes are take in as a participant for the observation that
reported no Medicare payments and many more. Moreover, the observational, descriptive, and
explorative designs are used in the research article for proper investigation of data and
information (Blasi, Caporin, and Fontini, 2018).
Validity and reliability of the article
In addition to this, during the process of article one evaluation within the research. It is
analysed that there are 251 responses are obtained through the survey. Moreover, 13 are
excluded because of missing data related with the question. In addition to this, the remaining 238
respondent, 152 reported working in the nursing homes and they are subjected for the analysis.
Moreover, the research shows their validation and reliability regards with the article, because the
survey analysis within the participant provides some of the accuracy regards with the nursing
care home that associated with the certified nursing assistant, medical assistant, medical
technician, physician, registered nurse administration, and many more. As per the prior
identification, the research is precisely validated and reliable for the study (Morse and Munro,
2018).
The article shows that the sample are usually consists of all the nursing home within the
state they are approx. 8889 nursing home years observation. In this, the excluded hospital-based
nursing home is approx. 211. Moreover, the excluded all nursing home observation that is
reported with no any Medicare payments are about 123. With this contrast, the other nursing
home evaluation that show their incomplete financial data is optimised about 867. In addition to

this, the study is focused on the evaluation of on nursing homes in the countries with the assisted
living capacity the follow conceptual model in order to make a separate standpoint that provide
validated and reliable approach for the data collection and their gathering (Capewell, and Lloyd-
Williams, 2018).
Finding
While taking the contrast of report, it is well analysed that the study is helpful to explore
about the factors and approaches which is used by nursing care homes in order to support and
provide the care to the number of populations. Moreover, they follow their measurable and
accountable role and responsibilities for the population by supporting them in a chronic
condition or diseases which may create issues for their life and quality of health. The both
articles used to provide financial aspects and qualitative factor in the descriptive way that make a
process to function and reliability of the nursing care homes within the countries. The
significance and rationale of the care homes or nursing homes is to support the patient that
excluded the hospitals or clinics and provide services like a home called as care home (Ozili,
2020).
CONCLUSION
As per the above discussion, it is well analysed that the study is well associated with the area
of health and social care. In this report, the area is selected as a support home which is called as
nursing homes or care homes. The evaluation analysis with respect to National health services is
also undertaking with the reliable and validated articles that make diabolical structure. It helps to
shows their function by creating evidence and relevance for the factors and aspect which is
driven that related with the nursing homes or care homes.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Alftberg and et. al., 2018, June. Conversations about death and dying with older people: An
ethnographic study in nursing homes. In Healthcare (Vol. 6, No. 2, p. 63).
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute.
Barnett and et. al., 2020, March. Nursing homes are ground zero for COVID-19 pandemic.
In JAMA Health Forum (Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. e200369-e200369). American Medical
Association.
Blasi, S., Caporin, M. and Fontini, F., 2018. A multidimensional analysis of the relationship
between corporate social responsibility and firms' economic performance. Ecological
Economics, 147, pp.218-229.
Brodtkorb and et. al., 2019. The importance of leadership in innovation processes in nursing
homes: an integrative review. Nordic Journal of Nursing Research, 39(3), pp.127-136.
Burström, B. and Tao, W., 2020. Social determinants of health and inequalities in COVID-
19. European journal of public health, 30(4), pp.617-618.
Capewell, S. and Lloyd-Williams, F., 2018. The role of the food industry in health: lessons from
tobacco?. British medical bulletin, 125(1), pp.131-143.
Daly, M. and Lewis, J., 2018. Introduction: conceptualising social care in the context of welfare
state restructuring. In Gender, social care and welfare state restructuring in Europe (pp. 1-
24). Routledge.
Davidson and et. al., 2020. Nursing homes and COVID‐19: We can and should do better. Journal
of clinical nursing.
Fattore, G., 2019. Cost containment and reforms in the Italian National Health Service. In Health
care and cost containment in the European Union (pp. 513-546). Routledge.
Jones and et. al., 2021. Impact of a public policy restricting staff mobility between nursing
homes in Ontario, Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of the American
Medical Directors Association, 22(3), pp.494-497.
Morse, N. and Munro, E., 2018. Museums’ community engagement schemes, austerity and
practices of care in two local museum services. Social & Cultural Geography, 19(3),
pp.357-378.
Ozili, P., 2020. COVID-19 in Africa: socio-economic impact, policy response and
opportunities. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy.
van Barneveld, K., Quinlan, M., Kriesler, P., Junor, A., Baum, F., Chowdhury, A., Junankar,
P.N., Clibborn, S., Flanagan, F., Wright, C.F. and Friel, S., 2020. The COVID-19
pandemic: Lessons on building more equal and sustainable societies. The Economic and
Labour Relations Review, 31(2), pp.133-157.
Wang and et. al., 2018. Probiotics to prevent respiratory infections in nursing homes: a pilot
randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 66(7), pp.1346-
1352.
Online
Front-line Nursing Home Staff Experiences During the COVID-19 Pandemic, 2021 [Online]
Available through:<https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7685055/>

The Role of Assisted Living Capacity on Nursing Home Financial Performance, 2018 [Online]
Available through:<https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6109846/>