Annotated Bibliography: Research in Nursing, Justification, and Recomm

This report presents an annotated bibliography of three research articles focused on nursing interventions for heart failure patients. The first article examines the role of family caregivers in managing heart disease in older people, emphasizing their potential to reduce hospital readmissions. ...Read More

Running Head: RESEARCH IN NURSING
RESEARCH IN NURSING
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

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Annotated Bibliography
Deek, H., Chang, S., Newton, P. J., Noureddine, S., Inglis, S. C., Al Arab, G., ...&
Davidson, P. M. (2017). An evaluation of involving family caregivers in the self-care of
heart failure patients on hospital readmission: Randomised controlled trial (the
FAMILY study). International journal of nursing studies, 75, 101-111.
This article focuses on the role of caregivers in family who plays an integral role in the
management of heart diseases in older people. Family caregivers plays an important role in
the care of older people who are chronically ill. The family caregivers can reduce or delay the
use of residential care facilities for the older people (Deek et al., 2017). The paper highlights
the fact that the sample patients or the participants were introduced to different interventional
groups where the patient and the caregivers in their family were given with a comprehensive
educational class on the importance of management and self-care of symptom in the older
patients who are suffering from heart diseases (Deek et al., 2017). The results revealed that
the family caregivers had a lot of potential in the treatment of the heart diseases in older
patients and it also reduces the chances of readmission of the patients who are suffering from
exacerbated heart failure. The findings in the paper also identify the components that are
needed to introduce sustained benefits in order to improve the quality of care and also to
enhance the quality of life in patients (Deek et al., 2017).
Dinh, H., Bonner, A., Ramsbotham, J., & Clark, R. (2018). Self‐management
intervention using teach‐back for people with heart failure in Vietnam: A cluster
randomized controlled trial protocol. Nursing & health sciences, 20(4), 458-463.
This article explains the importance of self-management in controlling heart diseases. This
article has shown that the self-management intervention is a useful way to reduce the effects
of heart diseases in older people (Dinh et al., 2018). The article conducts a randomized

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control trial over the participants who had either received self-management steps along with
the usual care routine (Dinh et al., 2018). The paper highlighted the fact that the patients were
given a prior teaching session individually before they got discharged. The patient were
provided with a weighing scales, heart failure booklet and diary to maintain the records. This
was carried out with a follow-up call after the completion of 2 weeks post-discharge. The
paper shows that the control group who received usual care after they suffered from heart
diseases had higher or more chances of getting the attack again (Dinh et al., 2018). On the
other hand, the sample population who had received additional care along with the usual care
they had less chances of getting the attack again and along with that they also experience
additional benefits. As the method used the technique of teach-back which is a cyclic method
of teaching the content and then checking the comprehension, and then re-teaching the
patients about the self-management systems (Dinh et al., 2018).
Gorthi, J., Hunter, C. B., Mooss, A. N., Alla, V. M., &Hilleman, D. E. (2014). Reducing
heart failure hospital readmissions: a systematic review of disease management
programs. Cardiology research, 5(5), 126.
The article highlights the fact that there are a number of factors that reduces the risk of
readmission among the patients who are suffering from heart diseases. The paper describes
the Hospital Readmission Reduction Program that has higher efforts to reduce the
readmission in the patients that are being hospitalized for heart failure (Gorthi et al., 2014).
The paper is a systematic review that identifies the randomized control trials in the patients
with heart failure. This included proper home care, telephone support in a structured manner,
outpatient clinic interventions, along with certain invasive and non-invasive telemonitoring.
The results revealed the fact that the telemanagement or telehealth has the potential to reach
out a large number of patients at an affordable price (Gorthi et al., 2014). The paper also
gives certain recommendation about how the process should include the needs of individual

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patients. The paper shows that invasive telemonitoring is a very effective way of reducing the
readmission of the patients with heart failure cases (Gorthi et al., 2014).
Justification
This section will provide with the details regarding the choice of the above three
articles for explaining the case study. This section will give the proper justification of the
articles that has been used in the part of annotated bibliography. The first article focuses on
the fact that the family care givers are very integral to the management of heart diseases.
Family caregivers tend to form a strong bond with the patient as they are the family members
and thus they are supposed to affect the process of recovery among the patients (Campo et al.,
2015). It is dependent on the fact that the family caregivers will spend quality time with the
patients and it also limits the barriers that arises in a hospital setting such as cultural
incompetence or language barrier as both the caregiver and the patient belong to the same
family. The impact of using certain supportive services is very integral as the desire of the
family caregiver to enhance the health of the patient (Sagar et al., 2015).
The next article demonstrates the use of the self-management services that are
essential for the older patients in order to maintain quality of life (Shively et al., 2015). This
article has been used as it advises the chronic heart failure patientsto self-manage their
diseases that includes sticking to the regular medicine regimens that will the patients to self-
monitor their condition that will help them to optimise the health outcomes and also to
improve the quality of life (Liu et al., 2018). Patients experience difficulty in managing their
routine at first but gradually get accustomed with the use of the self-management services
with the help of the specialist. Self-management services consider the social networking
approaches for the better mobilisation and availability of the resources that are required for
the treatment of the heart diseases in the older patients (Beherer et al., 2013).

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The last article describes the role of the various programs that has been introduced for
the reduction of the readmission of the older patients into the hospital after they have suffered
from heart failure. This article has been selected as it provides the required amount of
interventional data on the use of the telehealth and telemonitoring on the reduction of patient
readmission (Lazzarini et al., 2014). In order to check the status of the older people who had
suffered from heart diseases the hospitals or other agencies who are providing the services on
the telehealth should follow-up regularly with the client so that they can know whether the
patient is having any trouble or whether their demands are completely fulfilled or not (van
Riet et al., 2014).
Recommendations
The recommendations will include certain clinical practices in order to make
evidence-based practice and at first it should include the better lifestyle choices that has to be
included in the routine of the patients (Jørgensen et al., 2014). They should at first cease
smoking, reduce the intake of unhealthy food and finally should conduct regular exercise in
order to remain active and healthy. These aspects will benefit the patients in all the possible
ways as they emphasize on all the critical points of the patient management that are required
to manage the heart patients (Campo et al., 2015). Another important recommendation that is
being made for the reduction of risk associated with heart diseases is the reduced use of salt
in the food of older patients. There has been intensive research done on the topic that
highlights the relation of dietary salt that in turn lowers the mortality and the morbidity
related to cardiovascular activity (Lazzarini et al., 2014). The reduction in the amount of salt
also causes the reduction of blood pressure that is integrally related to the effects of
cardiovascular diseases. There are a number of countries that have passed certain laws to
regulate the levels of dietary salt as the normal level of sodium intake in the diet for an adult
person should be between 6kg per day (Adler et al., 2014).

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Thus, proper exercise along with healthy diet, timely medications and the self-
management practices helps in the reduction of heart diseases. The diet should preferably
contain diet that should be rich in Mediterranean diet as the diet is very rich in fats that are
plant based (Beherer et al., 2013). Mediterranean diet has a very good taste and along with
that it can influence the people especially the older patients to change their style of eating and
this will also help them to change their choice of food that is ultimately going to benefit them.
The recommendations should be followed by the older patients who are either suffering from
the risk of cardiac failure or are on the verge of having the disease. This will help in reducing
the prevalence of heart diseases in the older as well as young patients (Lazzarini et al., 2014).

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References
Adler, A. J., Taylor, F., Martin, N., Gottlieb, S., Taylor, R. S., & Ebrahim, S. (2014).
Reduced dietary salt for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Cochrane database
of systematic reviews, (12).
Bherer, L., Erickson, K. I., & Liu-Ambrose, T. (2013). A review of the effects of physical
activity and exercise on cognitive and brain functions in older adults. Journal of
aging research, 2013.
Campo, G., Pavasini, R., Malagù, M., Mascetti, S., Biscaglia, S., Ceconi, C., ... & Contoli, M.
(2015). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and ischemic heart disease
comorbidity: overview of mechanisms and clinical management. Cardiovascular
drugs and therapy, 29(2), 147-157.
Deek, H., Chang, S., Newton, P. J., Noureddine, S., Inglis, S. C., Al Arab, G., ...& Davidson,
P. M. (2017). An evaluation of involving family caregivers in the self-care of heart
failure patients on hospital readmission: Randomised controlled trial (the FAMILY
study). International journal of nursing studies, 75, 101-111.
Dinh, H., Bonner, A., Ramsbotham, J., & Clark, R. (2018). Self‐management intervention
using teach‐back for people with heart failure in Vietnam: A cluster randomized
controlled trial protocol. Nursing & health sciences, 20(4), 458-463.
Gorthi, J., Hunter, C. B., Mooss, A. N., Alla, V. M., &Hilleman, D. E. (2014). Reducing
heart failure hospital readmissions: a systematic review of disease management
programs. Cardiology research, 5(5), 126.

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Jørgensen, T., Jacobsen, R. K., Toft, U., Aadahl, M., Glümer, C., & Pisinger, C. (2014).
Effect of screening and lifestyle counselling on incidence of ischaemic heart disease
in general population: Inter99 randomised trial. Bmj, 348, g3617.
Lazzarini, V., Mentz, R. J., Fiuzat, M., Metra, M., & O'Connor, C. M. (2013). Heart failure in
elderly patients: distinctive features and unresolved issues. European journal of heart
failure, 15(7), 717-723.
Liu, M., Wang, C., Tung, T., Kuo, L., & Chiou, A. (2018). Effects of a multidisciplinary
disease management programme with or without exercise training for heart failure
patients: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. International Journal of
Nursing Studies, 87, 94-102. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.06.010
Sagar, V. A., Davies, E. J., Briscoe, S., Coates, A. J. S., Dalal, H. M., Lough, F., … Taylor,
R. S. (2015). Exercise-based rehabilitation for heart failure: Systematic review and
meta-analysis. Open Heart, 2, 1-12. Retrieved from
http://openheart.bmj.com/content/openhrt/2/1/e000163.full.pdf
doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2014-000163
Shively, M. J., Gardetto, N. J., Kodiath, M. F., Kelly, A., Smith, T. L., Stepnowsky, C., ... &
Larson, C. B. (2015). Effect of patient activation on self-management in patients with
heart failure. Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 28(1), 20-34.
van Riet, E. E., Hoes, A. W., Limburg, A., Landman, M. A., van der Hoeven, H., & Rutten,
F. H. (2014). Prevalence of unrecognized heart failure in older persons with shortness
of breath on exertion. European journal of heart failure, 16(7), 772-777.

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