Research Essay: Human Service Domains, Social Justice, and Barriers

This research essay explores the multifaceted domain of human services, emphasizing the critical concepts of social justice and its implications within community service settings. The essay begins by defining and elaborating on the various domains of human service, encompassing physical, cognitive, social-emotional, and language development, highlighting their interconnectedness and importance in fostering individual and societal well-being. It then delves into the concept of social justice, underscoring its role in ensuring equitable rights, opportunities, and access to resources for all members of society, with a specific focus on the Australian context. Furthermore, the essay identifies and analyzes the significant barriers encountered by both clients and workers within the community service sector, including issues related to social exclusion, education, health, and gender inequality. Finally, the essay examines several theoretical approaches that underpin professional community service work, such as co-designing, workplace diversity strategies, social work services, training programs, and digital media, to enhance the effectiveness and inclusivity of services.

RESEARCH ESSAY

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
1. Domain of human service.......................................................................................................3
2. Concept of social justice.........................................................................................................5
3. Barriers faced by client and workers ......................................................................................6
4. Theoretical approaches underpinning professional community service work........................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9
Books and Journal............................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Research essay is a paper that presents individual's interpretation and evaluation or argument. It
involves a survey on specific fields to figure out best possible information about the research
field. It helps in designing and navigating research questions by developing thesis and hypothesis
on the research field in its related problems. The research essay of this report is based on
explaining human service domains and elaborate concept of social justice. The research essay
includes social barriers that arise and faced by clients and workers in community service sector
and how they affect them and at last concludes approaches that support professional community
services.
MAIN BODY
1. Domain of human service
Professional values are the values that protects the client , employees ad the public. The
importance of professional values is that the customer gets the efficient and good services and
are treated with ethical care. It enables good relation between clients and service provider. It
increases intellectual heritage and provides social justice and equality among individuals. It
increases loyalty of people for nation and ensures honesty in operations. It examine personal and
professional attitude. And connection between different values and practices to effect
improvement and create a culture of trust and respect and provide safe and secure environment.
It engage all the aspects of professional practice with energy, and adaptability and does overall
development and leadership development as important aspect of professionalism (Healy, 2016).
Human service is an approach to meet human needs which focuses on prevention as well
as solving of problems. It maintain its commitment to improve overall quality of life of
population. It promotes and believes in quality of services and improve accessibility and
coordination among professionals and agencies in delivering services. However, according to
Australian Department of social service human service is defined as programmes and policies
that deliver strong and fair service to the society.
Human services is important for the society as it provides high quality services and
improve quality of life , work for people with disabilities and provide them efficient help, also it
helps in preventing individuals that are addicted to alcohol or smoking, are abused, are neglected
and forgotten by their families. It helps them in stabilising and build stronger community which
makes the country a better place to live in.

The human service is comprised of four domains which are mostly focused by
government. It includes physical development, cognitive development, social-emotional
development and language development. Each domain has its own unique approach which can
mix with all the other domains. The domain starts with self development in which it talks about
developing self awareness. Then the communal domain deals with interactions with different
people and how they need to be treated, the environmental domain tells how individual's
interactions need to be with the society and all this lead domain leads to overall development of
individual. Which includes different human development aspects (Healy, 2016). The physical
development deals with the change that occur in individuals related to their strength and
weakness and their body. This aspect of human service deals with overall physical development
of the children as well as adults and old people. Proper food and nutrition including vegetables
and fruits is essential for developing physical capacity of individual and also intake of milk, juice
is important for healthy physical development. The cognitive development means developing
thinking, understanding, and reasoning among children and adults. It increases intellectual
development and innovation among children. It helps them in developing surroundings and
implement plans and fulfilling them. It focuses on people of different age groups differently and
make them improve their perceptions, thinking. It develops deductive reasoning and logical
reasoning in them.
The social- emotional development means the way people connect to each other and
express and understand each other's emotions. It focuses on managing strong emotions and
increase emotional stability among individuals, to regulate their behaviour and making
them,emotional stable, and make them deal with their emotions. This domain includes child
growth and help them in understanding emotions and controlling them. This not only deals with
understanding own emotions but also what others are feeling. It helps people in developing
attachments to others and to interact with them nicely. This domain develops ability to
cooperate,and use moral reasoning and help child to develop self awareness and knowledge . It
also help them in maintaining the temperament of the child.
The language development means overall development of other domains. It develops
ability to communicate with other individuals and increase efficiency in individual in creating
speech sound and grammar so that they can develop intellectual and language proficiency. Every

individual has different rate of understanding and developing things and it needs to be treated
according to that.
2. Concept of social justice
Social justice means social equity among the nation. It refers to rights and resources that
are shared by all the individual in the same manner in the country and everyone has access to the
rights. Every individual deserve equal rights, opportunity, health care and justice without any
biases. It plays an important role in upgrading society and their welfare. Social justice lead to
satisfaction and pleasure of living among individuals and also create loyalty and respect for
leaders among the citizens.
Social justice provides equity and diversity in work and rights which promotes growth in
the country, create opportunities and develop social being and bring peace and prosperity in the
country. There are million of social justice arises in the country that are based on race, age,
gender, education, sexual orientation , religion as well as physical and mental ability. To
maintain social justice government of Australia introduced many laws and regulations include
labour laws, education law, health and care law etc.
Social justice contains code of ethics and standard of practice and education. Social
justice is the heart of Australian social work. It is a framework of objectives that are political in
nature, derived from economic and political policies which are based on acceptance of diversity
and difference. It helps in recognising dignity and equality among people of the nation and
reduce inequalities in wealth, income and life chances (Gillingham, 2016).
Key aspects of social justice are complex in nature which are based on fairness and
equality and focus on people's rights to access resources as well as opportunities. It makes sure
that each individual of Australia have proper sanitation and house with running water and
education to children and develop their culture and respect it. It focuses on satisfying
employment and good health.
For social justice they have different right which they can access that are right to distinct
status and culture that helps in strengthening cultural practices of different communities. The
right of self determination which decides how to face the problems and right to land that provide
spiritual basis of different communities. It review laws and policies and provide advice to state
ad territory government. It consults communities and their views on different aspects. It

increases the awareness of education and create seminars and training programmes to develop
educational initiatives.
The separation of children from their families is also the main focus of Australian human
services which provides counselling and other services related to health and care to this children
and to support the families and children. It also focuses on protection of cultural heritage and
effective participation in development and hence social justice is important concept to equalise
the right of individuals.
3. Barriers faced by client and workers
Community service sector provides services which are provided by state, national and
territory government and non government agencies. This services includes ageing services,
disability support and child care services. To support this sector various policies were developed
and infrastructure ha been developed.
The barriers and challenges faced by clients and workers in community service sector are
social exclusion issues which means improving ability, opportunity of individuals based on the
disadvantages faced by them in the society. The challenges that arise and are faced by the
workers are lower level of education when children are not provided with proper education
facilities. The other issues includes poor health, training and employment participation and lack
of access to goods and facilities.
The main purpose of National disability strategy was to promote equal participation of
disabled people and to ensure their family needs and to manufacture products by keeping them
in mind. The schemes were made and was implemented yet they were not successful and lead to
poor health of people. National disability access coordinator advice about
recruitment ,employment and career development and employee retention but yet disabled
people were not recruited and did not got social justice (Sha, 2017).
The other issue is gender issue that even after introducing so many programmes and
policies for gender equity still there is inequality as compared to men women may lack personal
resources that are required for volunteering which includes social connections and different
skills. Domestic and family responsibility work as a barrier for women workers. The other issue
is health improvements which are not focused on minority groups and erase their cultural values
as well and they have limited access to volunteer infrastructure which again acts as a barrier.

The other barriers are multiple family needs that are not fulfils, there are a lot of people
who are disadvantaged and some people do not get support on their day to day business and
some race are socially exploited and excluded which turns into inequality and biasses and lack of
services.
4. Theoretical approaches underpinning professional community service work
There are lot of approaches that support community service work to improve their
working. The first approach introduced by the government is co-designing which means
involvement with the community by providing insight and participation opportunities to
customers, staff to design better results for customers and government. The department use
online discussion groups and telephonic surveys to ensure that people have disability to have a
voice and can have equality (O'Connor, 2015).
The other approach is to have workplace diversity and strategies that underpin
commitment to provide equal opportunity for the staff including those with disability. Its focus is
on ensuring that all workplace aspects are available to its employees. It removes barriers for
staff with disability and provides them equal opportunity to learn and develop their career and
grab different opportunities.
The other approach is social work services that are provided by the government to
communities. Social services workers assist customer to have suitable payment options and other
services. The other approach is to provide range of training programmes which increases
knowledge and awareness of disability which will include to boost confidence among disables
people, social inclusion and mental health awareness of people , awareness of disability among
individuals etc. (Alós-Ferrer, 2018).
The other approach to provide necessary information through digital media which will
provide efficient communication and engagement for the people who have disability which
might include visual, physical, speech, etc. it includes improved quality of reading order and text
to speech options. The department also use high definition videoconferencing pilot that
explores high speed broadband services that improves customer access to specialist services.
These approaches has increased collaboration and cooperation between individuals,
families and communities. They demonstrate best approaches to enhance safety of child, and non
discrimination between different castes. It also demonstrate strong culture of innovation.

CONCLUSION
Human services as the study suggested is very important for every nation to develop and
provide to uplift the society. The report concluded the importance of professional values that
increase honesty, integrity and establish trustable relationships between government and
customers and organisations. The report then summarized domains of human services that focus
on individual development, community development, environmental development and then
society development which deals with overall development that leads to physical, socio
economical development etc. It highlighted concept of social justice and its importance and
social barriers that are faced by workers in community service sector from inequity to social
injustice. At last it concluded the report by adding approaches that supported community service
work which included co designing, development of workforce diversity, uplifting employees
status and their equality etc.

REFERENCES
Books and Journal
Alós-Ferrer, C., 2018. A Review Essay on Social Neuroscience: Can Research on the Social
Brain and Economics Inform Each Other?. Journal of Economic Literature. 56(1). pp.234-64.
Sha, B.L., 2017. Editor’s essay: Language in research.
O'Connor, M.K., 2015. Social work constructivist research. Routledge.
Rigney, L.I., 2017. Indigenist research and aboriginal Australia. In Indigenous Peoples'
Wisdom and Power (pp. 61-77). Routledge.
Evans, J. and Davies, B., 2015. Physical education, privatisation and social justice.
Stafford, L., and et.al., 2017. Why one size fits all approach to transition in Disability
Employment Services hinders employability of young people with physical and neurological
disabilities in Australia. Journal of Industrial Relations. 59(5). pp.631-651.
Gillingham, P., 2016. Social work and child protection in Australia: whose job is it
anyway?. Practice .28(2). pp.83-96.
Healy, G.N., G E.G., 2016. The BeUpstanding Program™: Scaling up the Stand Up
Australia Workplace Intervention for Translation into Practice. AIMS public health. 3(2). p.341.
Schaffer, A.L., and et.al., 2015. The crux of the matter: did the ABC's Catalyst program
change statin use in Australia?. Medical Journal of Australia. 202(11). pp.591-594.
Drummond, M., Elliott, S., Drummond, C. and Lewis, F., 2017. Men’s physical activity and
dietary behaviours on Kangaroo Island, South Australia. Health Education Journal. 76(2).
pp.145-155.
Online
Social injustice concept 2017 [Online]. Available through :
<https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0312407X.2014.973554>