Business Research Report: International Students and Part-Time Jobs

This report presents a business research study on the access to part-time jobs for international students. The study tested two hypotheses: first, whether the proportion of international students with part-time jobs is less than 20%, and second, whether there is a significant difference in part-time job access between male and female international students. Descriptive statistics revealed that 70% of participants were male and 30% female, with the majority citing frustrations from the host country and language barriers as major setbacks to securing part-time employment. The study utilized one-sample t-tests and independent samples t-tests to analyze the data. The results indicated that the proportion of international students with part-time jobs is significantly less than 20%, but there was no significant difference in part-time job access between male and female students. The report includes detailed statistical tables and an analysis of the findings, providing valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities faced by international students in the job market.

Business Research and Decision Making
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27th November 2018

Hypothesis test
The following hypothesis were tested in this study
1. Null hypothesis (H0): The proportion of international students accessing part time jobs is
equal to 20%.
Alternative hypothesis (H0): The proportion of international students accessing part time
jobs is less than to 20%.
2. Null hypothesis (H0): The proportion of male international students accessing part time
jobs is equal to the proportion of female international students accessing part time jobs.
Alternative hypothesis (H0): The proportion of male international students accessing part
time jobs is significantly different from the proportion of female international students
accessing part time jobs.
Results
Descriptive Statistics
We first present the descriptive statistics of the study. We can see from table 1 below that
majority of the participants (70%, n = 70) in the study were male students while the female
students were represented by 30% (n = 30).
Table 1: Gender of the students
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Male 70 70.0 70.0 70.0
Female 30 30.0 30.0 100.0
Total 100 100.0 100.0

Respondents were asked why they feel it is difficult to get part time jobs. Majority (41%, n = 41)
stated frustrations from the host country as the major setback for them to get part time jobs,
language barrier was the second most contributing factor (25%, n = 25), inflexible working hours
and lack of work experience contributed to 20% (n = 20) and 14% (n = 14) respectively.
Figure 1: Why it is difficult to get part time jobs
In terms of job preference, majority (49%, n = 49) would like to have seasonal jobs, followed by
18% (n = 18) who would prefer internship. 17% (n = 17) the participants would prefer on-
campus while 16% (n = 16) would prefer off-campus.
Figure 2: Preferred jobs with studies

Hypothesis tests
Hypothesis 1:
The first hypothesis that this study sought to test was whether the proportion of international
students who have access to part time job is equal to or less than 20%. The tested hypothesis is
given below;
Null hypothesis (H0): The proportion of international students accessing part time jobs is equal to
20%.
Alternative hypothesis (H0): The proportion of international students accessing part time jobs is
less than to 20%.
Using a one-sample proportion t-test the data was analyzed at 5% level of significance and the
results are given below;
Table 2: One-Sample Statistics
N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
International students with access
to part-time jobs
100 .16 .368 .037
Table 3: One-Sample Test
Test Value = 0
t df Sig. (2-
tailed)
Mean
Difference
95% Confidence Interval of the
Difference
Lower Upper
International students with
access to part-time jobs
4.342 99 .000 .160 .09 .23

As can be seen, the proportion of international students accessing part time jobs was 16% (p =
0.16). The analysis of the one-sample t-test showed the p-value to be 0.000 (a value less than 5%
level of significance), we therefore reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the proportion of
international students accessing part time jobs is less than to 20%. This proportion is actually
significant less than the hypothetical proportion of 20%.
Hypothesis 2:
The second hypothesis that this study sought to test was whether the proportion of male
international students who have access to part time job is equal to that of the female international
students. The tested hypothesis is given below;
Null hypothesis (H0): The proportion of male international students accessing part time jobs is
equal to the proportion of female international students accessing part time jobs.
Alternative hypothesis (H0): The proportion of male international students accessing part time
jobs is significantly different from the proportion of female international students accessing part
time jobs.
The results are given in table 4 and table 5 below;
Table 4: Group Statistics
Gender N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
International students with
access to part-time jobs
Male 70 .16 .367 .044
Female 30 .17 .379 .069

Table 5: Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test for
Equality of
Variances
t-test for Equality of Means
F Sig. t df Sig. (2-
tailed)
Mean
Differenc
e
Std.
Error
Differenc
e
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower Upper
Internation
al students
with access
to part-time
jobs
Equal variances
assumed
.055 .815 -.118 98 .906 -.010 .081 -.170 .151
Equal variances
not assumed
-.116 53.306 .908 -.010 .082 -.174 .155
As can be seen from the above tables, the proportion of male international students with access
to part time jobs is 16% while the proportion of female international students with access to part
time jobs is 17%. The p-value was found to be 0.906 (a value greater than 5% level of
significance), this leads to non-rejection of the null hypothesis and so we conclude that there is
no significant evidence to say that the proportion of male international students accessing part
time jobs is different from the proportion of female international students accessing part time
jobs.