Report: Critical Analysis of a Text on Research Methodology

This report provides a critical analysis of a text focusing on research methodology. The analysis addresses the author's contribution, the types of literature, and the intellectual project undertaken. It explores how the authors make their claims, including the main kinds of knowledge claims (theoretical, research, and practical), and the consistency and certainty of these claims. The report examines the impact of the intellectual project on research questions, the place of theory, and the target audience. The analysis also covers the methods for data collection (primary and secondary), sample size selection, and the challenges in presenting project reports. Overall, the report emphasizes the importance of selecting the best research methods for effective data collection and achieving research objectives. The author's value stance is to gather information effectively, and to improve practices such as training team members to gather more authenticate information.

Template: Critical Analysis of a
Text
Text (reference details)
1. What review question am I asking of this text?
My central question is related to research methodology (Arantes do Amaral, dos Santos and Rodrigues,
2018). The main purpose of selecting this text is due to wider concept which is used in collecting data and
information in an effective and efficient manner. Yes, the critical analysis of this text fir into my investigation
with wider focus because it helped me in collecting data and information to get positive outcomes in best
possible manner. My constructive purpose in undertaking a critical analysis of this text is to select best
method for collecting data and information related with given topic. As research methodology is defined as
techniques or procedures which is used to select, identify, process and analyze information about given topic
in effective manner. In methodology, it allows researcher to critically evaluate overall study in reliable
manner. Therefore, this section will help me a lot to collect accurate data and information for assigned topic
of research.
2. How and why are the authors making this contribution?
a) What type of literature is this?
Research Methodology is considered as theoretical as well as practice literature because in this data or
information are gathered from both sources. Such as if researcher select theoretical literature they will collect
research information or data by conducting literature review on the other hand in order to gather information
in practice manner project manager will develop questionnaire. In most of the situation project manager will
adopt both theoretical as well as practice literature. Yes, research methodology literature is linked with other
types of literature like literature review, data interpretation, findings and many others. It is so because
through literature review research able to develop questionnaire as well as findings, data interpretation and
other sections are directly or indirectly linked with data or information gather at research methodology. This
show the link between the research methodological as well as various other section of research.
b) How clear is it which intellectual project the authors are undertaking?
The intellectual project related to research methodology in which project manager gather information or data
related to the research project (Bresler and Stake, 2017). In respective project researcher is undertaking
several aspects such as knowledge for understanding,knowledge for critical evaluation and knowledge for
action. In respect of knowledge for understanding project manager of research will gather information related
to research topic as well as in this section they will develop understanding of topic. Another aspect is
knowledge for critical evaluation in which researcher will conduct critical evaluation of different methods used
as research methods such as primary, secondary, qualitative, quantitative, sampling and so on. In this they
will also understand about these methods benefits and drawbacks. Along with this they will also adopt
Illustration 1: Research Methodology, 2020
(Source: Research Methodology, 2020)

another aspect with is related to knowledge for action in which researcher will develop understand related to
how to use different data collection methods for gathering information or data. Moreover they may also use
training in which they will provide training related to usage of data collection methods to the team members.
c) How is the intellectual project reflected in the authors’ mode of working?
According to author, there are several approaches that are considered while conducting project such as
knowledge for understanding, knowledge for critical evaluation, knowledge for action and training. These all
section are consider in the practical orientation working style. It is so because these all approaches are
conducting in practical manner which help researcher in gathering most appropriate information in effective
as well as effectual manner. While adopting different practical orientation there are several methods are
considered or include such as primary, secondary, quantitative, qualitative, sampling and so on. It is so
because through all these methods project manager able to gather more appropriate as well as authenticate
information or data. In respect of author they are more focus on both understanding and improvement
practices so that they can gather proper information related to the research topic.
d) What value stance is adopted towards the practice or policy investigated?
According to the author they are more concern about gathering of information in effective manner so that
they can attain research outcome in effective manner. In this author is supporting to practice investigation by
considering aspects such as critical as well as relatively impartial. This is so because in research
methodology it is essential to collect proper information related to research topic. Along with this, author is
developing several assumptions related to improvement of information gather such as project manager will
train their members so that they can gather more authenticate information by considering copyright of article
or book. Here researcher as well as their team members practices or policies are focused of interest in order
to understand about topic of research as well as different methods of gathering information.
e) How does the sort of intellectual project being undertaken affect the research questions addressed?
In respect of research methodology in which data are gather by researcher and their team so that they can
gather information according to research topic (Emerson, 2015). While this there are there are some factors
which impact on the research questions such as respondents are not responding properly, less resources
are available, time duration as well as budget are less and many more. Due to this there are some factors
which went wrong such as research objective not attained properly, some time team members get
disappointed and so on. According to author some time policy or intervention not worked properly which
impacted on the process of attaining the desire goal. But while conducting project there policy or intervention
works for practices are effectively done because through it project manager able to gather proper information
or data. It is so because through it researcher able to provide proper guidelines for gathering proper data as
well as it will also help them in guiding team members.
f) How does the sort of intellectual project being undertaken affect the place of theory?
According to the author perspective intellectual project which is based on research methodology are
impacted by place of theory in positive manner because through it researcher able to identify proper
guidelines for gather information in effective as well as proper manner which help them in attaining desire
outcome. In respect of this researcher is adopting practical theory because in this they need to conduct
practical work related to collection or gathering information in which they do number of practical activities
such as development of questionnaire, conduct analysis of findings, collect information from different
literature sources or article. Along with this project manager also need to conduct analysis of gathered
information, identify its findings and many more in which practical theory plays main role.
g) How does the authors’ target audience affect the reporting of research?
The author's is targeting audience by using sampling method according to which audiences are identified
from whole populations (Farooq and O'Brien, 2015). Moreover for identifying audiences they can use
different methods like random sampling, non random sampling and many more because through it
researcher able to identify respondents accordingly. For this recommendation which can be given to author
is that they must select audience from specific group because it help in analysis. Along with this according to

author, project manager who is performing activities related to research methodology need to provide
training to their team members so that they know value of authenticate information.
3. What is being claimed that is relevant to answering my review question?
a) What are the main kinds of knowledge claim that the authors are making?
The main kinds of knowledge which are claimed by authors for making project work are theoretical,
research and practice knowledge. Firstly, authors has to understand theoretical knowledge for given
project. They have to understand different types of research methodology such as primary and
secondary. As per research work, best techniques has to be selected. Similarly, author should
possess good research knowledge so that they can select best method for collecting data and
information in given time period. If authors has good knowledge then they can know what is right and
wrong for their research work. Other knowledge which should be possessed by author is practice
which means theoretical knowledge should be applied in practical aspect for solving problems of
research work in effective manner. Therefore, these are main types of knowledge which should be
claimed by author while carrying or making any research project or work in an effective and efficient
manner.
b) Excluding aspects that are obviously not relevant to the review question, what is the content of each
of the main claims to knowledge and of the overall argument?
The main claims which are related to knowledge of my review question about conceptualization of research
methodology (Fletcher, 2017). This has been argued in different aspects by authors to attain set objectives of
research work. The most significant claims that encompass much of relevant details are as follows:
 There are claims among authors regarding selection of best research methodology such as primary,
secondary, qualitative and quantitative.
 These research methodology may or may not provide accurate data and information to author
regarding given research project.
 There is claim among authors regarding choosing of sample size as large size provide complex
result of work, small size sample gives inappropriate information. Therefore, it is important to select
right size of sample for positive outcomes.
 There is also claim regarding use of techniques for collecting primary and secondary data and
information.
 It is very difficult to present and write project report in an effective and efficient manner.
The key prescriptions for improving policy or practice is to collect data and information from
authenticate sources by using proper research methodology so that aim and objectives of research are
achieved in an effective and effectual manner.
c) How clear are the authors’ claims and overall argument?
The authors has claimed overall argument clearly in introduction and conclusion format. The given topic
of research is based on research methodology where various types of methods and techniques are used
to gather data and information in an appropriate manner. As per given report, book has been prepared
which clear mention each and every topics of research work. This book starts from introduction portion
covering all aspects which is required for collecting research information and concluded with attainment
of aim and objectives of given work in best manner. Along with, it has also covered section of argument
of various authors in proper way. It is very important for author to claims their topic in better style so that
reader will understand and attain goal and objectives for positive outcomes. Therefore, in this way,
portion from introduction to conclusion has been clearly claimed by authors in given project work.
D) How consistent are the authors’ claims with each other?
The authors claims with each other as all are fitted together in supporting an argument. Main aim of author is
to select best research method in order to collect data and information in effective manner. Primary data
collection helps in collecting fresh information about given topic by preparing questionnaire, online interview
and so on. Similarly, secondary data are used by author as they are already collected by researcher for
conducting their research work with helps of various techniques such as magazine, newspaper, journal and
so on. Qualitative research provide overall information of given topic and quantitative provide data in statistic

number. Argument was performed regarding selection of research methodology such as primary, secondary,
qualitative and quantitative. Argument was performed regarding selection of sample size for positive
outcomes. Also, it is difficult in presenting and writing project report in proper format and understandable
form in good way.
4. How certain and generalized are the authors’ claims?
a) With what degree of certainty do the authors make their claims?
The author makes claims with high degree of certainty (Flick, 2015). Yes, they present tentativeness as they
qualify their claims through acknowledging limitations of evidence. The author has faced mainly five claims in
terms of research methodology. First is related with selection of best method to collect data and information,
second is related with providing of accurate results by adoption of research methodology in proper manner.
Third is connected with sample size for given project work, fourth is related with techniques to be used and
lastly is writing report in given format. According to claims, these can be changes according to arise situation
which have been changed since data collection in most appropriate manner. Therefore, author should be
very knowledge in order to claim so that they can attain set objectives and aim of research work in given time
period in best possible manner.
b) How generalized are the authors’ claims – to what range of phenomena are they claimed to apply?
The author has claimed regarding research methodology which should be used in research work for
collection of data and information (Hadi and Closs, 2016). These claims are really faced by authors while
gathering information regarding given subject topic. The applied their claims in front of authority so that they
can appropriate outcomes and attain set goal and objectives in proper style. These claims may be different
from authors to author as each of them has their own way of thinking problems and solving them by using
techniques and procedures in best manner. Therefore, it is very important for authors to identify claims at
the initial stage and get solution within time period so that they can work as per need and requirement of
business. Thus, in this context, claimed should be identified in each and every stage so that positive
outcomes are attained in better manner.
5. How adequate is the backing for these claims?
a) How transparent are any sources used to back the claims?
In order to get back claims, author has to use transparent methods so that they can achieve goal and
objectives. Here, author has to use authenticate and accurate source for collecting data and information
about assigned project work in positive way. It is very important for author to analyze different types of
authenticate sources and select best out of them in order to get best outcomes in effectual manner. This is
essential to know which sources provide how relevant data and information to the users regarding given
subject matter. The sources should be adequately specified to authors to collect data an d information in
positive manner to reach to final conclusion without any obstacles or difficulties. Therefore, transparent
method to collect data and information is authenticate sources which gives best results.
b) What, if any, range of sources is used to back the claims?
There are different sources which is used to back the claims (Hickson, 2016). Authors has to used various
sources to reach to claims and attain positive outcomes. This can be first hand experience, author's own
practice knowledge, literature review and so on. The views and opinions of authors helps in knowing more
about subject matter. As they have claimed due to their own practical experience regarding given topic and
founds sources to back claims in effective manner. Also, literature review regarding practice knowledge or
research is another sources to get back to claims within short time period in an effective and efficient manner
for positive outcomes. Therefore, these all sources are used by authors in appropriate way to back their
claims which has arise due to research methodology for given topic in suitable way.
c) If claims are at least partly based on the authors’ own research, how robust is the evidence?
If claims are based on authors' own research then they can reach to final conclusion without any difficulties
as they know the scenario of project work which has been assigned to them in appropriate manner ( Kao and

et. al., 2016). If they use any methods they get positive outcomes though those many have some limitations
or flaws that should be tackled at initial stage to achieve final goal and objectives in an effective and efficient
manner. It is very important to do cross checking of each and every method so that problem can be identified
at the beginning of conducting research work. The sample size chosen for questionnaire was enough to
gather data and information in best manner and supported claims which has been made during research
work.
The author has adequately collected data and analyzed them for their project task to complete it within given
time framework. The data collected has proper summary of report given to them along with outcomes,
drawbacks and so on.
d) Are sources of backing for claims consistent with the degree of certainty and the degree of
generalization?
Yes, I think the sources of backing for claims consistent with degree of certainty and degree of
generalization. There are many evidence provided by authors for supporting claims which has been faced
by them to attain objectives and goal of business. The claims were related with research methodology
which has faced by author while collecting data and information for attainment of final outcomes. In case
of evidence, they have provided errors occurred during collection of data and information. Sometime
techniques provided incorrect information for given project work as they are used from long time. The
degree is high for sources of backing for claims to get best results. Therefore, it is important to determine
sources of claims and accomplish result in given time period.
6. How effectively does any theoretical orientation link with these claims?
a) How explicit are the authors about any theoretical orientation or conceptual framework?
The authors has presented claims regarding research methodology which has been faced by them while
gathering information related with subject matter (King and Mackey, 2016). There are various framework
which helps in guiding data collection for given project work in an effective manner. The first is availability of
number of research methods to collect data and information. Authors can used both primary and secondary
sources and their techniques to collect appropriate information about given subject matter. Guiding tools are
used by authors to get relevant information to reach to final conclusion in best possible manner. Therefore,
all methods are used effectively by authors for their claims and get solution for it. This also work in reaching
final conclusion about assigned topic to researcher in effective manner.
b) What assumptions does any explicit or implicit theoretical orientation make that may affect the authors’
claims?
There are various assumptions which affect author claims. While collecting data and information about
assigned topic many aspects are neglected by authors (Kumar, 2019). The particular perspective focus
attention on one aspects and under-emphasize other. As they focus on collecting data and information in
appropriate manner and on the same hand they ignore use of techniques for gathering relevant information
about subject matter. If more than one perspective is used in that case, it creates problems for author to
identify relevant information of research work to reach to final conclusion in best possible manner. Therefore,
each and every assumption should be analyzed properly by researcher to get positive outcomes in best
suitable manner.
c) What are the key concepts underpinning any explicit or implicit theoretical orientation?
There are various concept which is underpinning explicit and implicit theoretical orientation. Each of them
are listed in an effective and efficient manner. It is important to define each and every concept in an
effective and efficient manner so that final conclusion can be reached without any difficulties. The
concepts are defined in stipulated manner to get positive outcomes and mutually compatible with one
another for positive outcomes. Each of concept are used in consistent manner to back claims and work in
diligent manner. As concept are not congruent with other because each of them present new ideas and
view regarding assigned topic.

7. To what extent does any value stance adopted affect claims?
a) How explicit are the authors about any value stance connected with the phenomena?
Author is positively as well as impartial stance in respect of value stance connected with the phenomena
because through research methodology researcher able to gather proper information related to research
topic (Lee, Chung and Lam, 2016). They also consider positive and impartial position or aspect while
collecting information because it will help in using each and every method in effective way without any
partially or discriminated activities. According to author yes stance informed by a particular ideology as it will
directly help in effective usage of different data collection method for gathering information related to the
research topic. Project manager of a research can adopt research methodology phenomena during data
collection method because it will help them in gathering effective as well as proper information about the
research.
b) How might any explicit or implicit value stance adopted by the authors be affecting their claims?
Yes, adaptation of any explicit or implicit value will impact on the claims related to value stance adopted by
author on the topic of research methodology. It is so because in research methodology prejudged
phenomena or aspects are discussed or consider while gathering information or data related to research
topic. No these are not biased as it will consider perspective of different peoples or authors who already
gathering information on same specific topic. Yes there are several legitimate or legal practices for the
authors to adopt while performing their particular value stance such as they need to keep all personal or
important data confidential because it help them in avoiding illegal activities which may conducted through
that information. At some situation researcher may over-emphasized few aspects of phenomenon while
under- emphasizing others such as they in order to gathering more authenticate information they may under
emphasizing budget for a time being.
8. To what extent are claims supported or challenged by others’ work?
a) Do the authors relate their claims to others’ work?
Yes, author claim to others' work too while gathering data for book (Lushey and Munro, 2015). This is so
because through it they able to understand others' perspective on the same topic that help in evaluating
more effective outcome. In respective of author they prefer perspective of other author related to the
information which can be determined by seeing in texting through author name. Along with this they also
concern others' view point while providing information related to the theories. Yes, author of book
acknowledge others’ counter as well as evidence that can be identified through references and their in
texting method.
b) If the authors use evidence from others’ work to support their claims, how robust is it?
Yes author of book use evidences from others' work as well as they also support their claim in effective
manner because they conduct proper referencing the whole author and their article or books. Along with this
researcher also conduct in texting of all authors references through which reader can identify that specific
content is written by particular author in topic. Along with this, author if the author include any definition which
is given by specific author. They also conduct in texting of it by mentioning their name. Through this it can be
analyze that author proper proper consideration or claim to author for their supported work related to the
book. In addition to this author also mentioned appropriate year in which specific article or book is published
by the author.
c) Is there any evidence from others’ work (including work you know, but the authors do not mention) that
challenges the authors’ claims and, if so, how robust is it?
In order to assess evidence from others' work I want to evaluate literature which are related to research as
well as research methodology of different area of developed and developing nations (Mackey and Gass,
2015). This is so because through it I can know about different books or articles related to research
methodology and research as well as it will also help me in evaluating whether the author use information

from that and conduct proper claim to that or not. Along with this in order to check authenticity of information
and references I will conduct evaluation of all the in texted references and article or books. From all the
literature some might be implicitly, appropriate, inappropriate or challenge the author claims. By all these
practice I able to check whether author provide proper as well as effective evidence of the others' work.
9. To what extent are claims consistent with my experience?
According to my experience claims which are conducted by author is appropriate because they consider all
the main aspects related to the research methodology and different methods used in that (McCusker and
Gunaydin, 2015). Author claim that there are different method of data collection such as primary, secondary,
qualitative and quantitative which is appropriate because I used all these methods while gathering
information as well as it all help in collecting authenticate data. In addition is this, author also claim that it is
responsibility of researcher to select appropriate sample size that not be more or less because more will
develop confusion whereas less will not provide proper data. On this I am in favor because if the sample size
is not appropriate researcher not able to get desire outcome.
10. What is my summary evaluation of the text in relation to my review question?
a) How convincing are the authors’ claims and why?
According to me claim of author is convincing because they consider all the essential aspects related to the
research methodology as well as it also provide proper information which are necessary to be consider while
gathering information or data related to research (Nakata, 2015). According to claim conducted by author
there are several best research methodology such qualitative, secondary, quantitative and primary at which I
am convinced because these methods help in gathering both types of data numerical as well as non
numerical data which are appropriate for desire research outcome. I also convinced on another main claim of
researcher i.e. selection of proper sample size plays main role in attaining outcome. It is so because if the
sample size is large then it create confusion on the other hand if its is less then collection of data will not
effective.
b) How, if at all, could the authors have provided stronger backing for their claims?
According to me author provide effective indication of proper backing for the research methodology of
research because it provide all the information related to methods and its usage (Ndlovu-Gatsheni, 2017).
Author also provide several claim which help a project manager in gathering most appropriate information by
selection proper sample size of audiences. Along with this author also provide strong backing that if
researcher not select proper sample size then they will not able to gather effective information as well as that
will also impact on the research outcome of research.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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Learning and Community-Based Research in a Research Methodology Course: The Lessons
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does sampling affect the validity of research?. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness.
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selection: a supply chain perspective. Production Planning & Control. 26(6). pp.467-488.
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