Road Traffic Injuries: Data Collection and Research Needs (PHC-313)

This assignment, prepared for the PHC-313 course on Road Traffic Injuries and Disability Prevention, addresses two key questions. The first question explores the methods of monitoring and data collection related to road traffic injuries, particularly within the context of Saudi Arabia. It references governmental statistics, police reports, and the Ministry of Health to illustrate the prevalence of accidents and related fatalities. The assignment highlights the role of electronic monitoring systems like 'Saher' and emphasizes the need for additional preventive measures such as helmet mandates, speed limits, and restrictions on alcohol consumption. The second question delves into the research needs in the area of road traffic injury prevention. It underscores the importance of evaluating alternative monitoring methods, assessing public awareness, and understanding the health outcomes and injury effects of various accident types. The assignment also suggests research into personal factors, automobile features, and traffic patterns to improve road safety education, automobile design, and traffic management. The assignment includes references to several studies that support the arguments and data presented.

ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET
Course name: Road Traffic Injuries and Disability Prevention
Course number: PHC - 313
CRN:
Guidelines for Preparation of Assignment: (this guidelines should not be delete)
1. All columns and rows should be fill by student on cover page of assignment
2. Font must be use Times New Romans
3. Font size 12, Line space 1.5 and Between Para double space
4. Running text must be in black color and title and subtitles optional colors can use.
5. Running text must be justify and its should looks clear alignments
6. Use English format only
7. References must be in standard format followed by
Author name’s – (Year of Published) - Title of Book or Article - Volume No. - Pages No.
Example:
If article or textbook (s):
1. Moon, C.H., Lee, Y.S., Yoon, T.H., 1994. “Variation of trace Cu, Pb and Zn in
sediment and water of an urban stream resulting from domestic effluents”. Journal
of Water Research 28(4), 985-991.
If website (s):
2. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
272760572_Effect_of_Different_Disinfecting_Agents_on_Heavy_Metals_During_W
ater_Treatment
Assignment-2
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ANSWER THE FOLLOWING TWOQUESTIONS:
Q. 1. How do you monitor and where do you collect the data of Road Traffic Injuries and
Disability Preventions?
(In 200 – 300 words) (7.5 Points)
ANS: Incidents of road accidents and the resultant disabilities are one of the leading causes of
mortality in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In order to collect data on Road Traffic Injuries which have
occurred in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, online sources and statistical data published by the
Government of Saudi Arabia can be referred to. The Government of Saudi Arabia noted in the year 2018,
that 4.7% of the mortality rate in the nation was contributed by fatalities and injuries caused by road
traffic accidents, with an incidence rate of 22-25 per 100, 000 citizens since the last ten years. Likewise,
data collected from the Police Department as well as the Ministry of Health (MOH) indicate that over 33,
139 injuries and 7489 deaths were caused by a total of 460, 488 road traffic accidents in the year 2017
(Lee & Al-Mansour, 2018). Further data on road traffic injuries which can be collected from statistical
reports published by the Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs and General Authority for Statistics,
indicated that road traffic injuries contributed 103 injuries daily with an average occurrence of 4.5
injuries every hour (Mansuri et al., 2015). One of the key methods by which road traffic injuries and the
resultant disability prevention can be monitored is the usage of an electronic monitoring traffic control
system – which has been recently introduced in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, under the name of ‘Saher’.
Such an electronic monitoring system involve the usage of cameras and radars with speed monitoring
properties (Stevenson et al., 2018). However, there has significant debate outlining the true efficacies
of electronic monitoring system concerning traffic injury and disability prevention. Hence, additional
road traffic injury monitoring strategies must be considered. These can include mandatory usage of
helmets for two wheelers, establishment of stringent rules considering cellphone usage and speed
limited maintenance accompanied by penalties along with imposition of strict limits and fines on alcohol
consumption associated with drunken driving, are some of the key ways by which road traffic injuries
and disabilities can be prevented (Ghaffer & Ahmed, 2015).
Reference:
Ghaffar, U. B., & Ahmed, S. M. (2015). A review of road traffic accident in Saudi Arabia: the
neglected epidemic. Indian journal of forensic and community medicine, 2(4), 242-242.
Lee, S. M., & Al-Mansour, A. I. (2018). Development of a new traffic safety education material
for the future drivers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Journal of King Saud University-
Engineering Sciences.
Mansuri, F. A., Al-Zalabani, A. H., Zalat, M. M., & Qabshawi, R. I. (2015). Road safety and
road traffic accidents in Saudi Arabia: a systematic review of existing evidence. Saudi
medical journal, 36(4), 418.
Stevenson, M., Faruque, S., Almajil, A., Farhan, M., Fildes, B., & Lawrence, B. (2017). An
evaluation of the red-light camera programme in the city of Dammam, the Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia. International journal of injury control and safety promotion, 24(1), 84-88.
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Q. 2. What are some of the research needs in the area of road traffic injury prevention?
(In 200 – 300 words) (7.5 Points)
ANS: Despite the establishment of key preventive measures which can be utilized to prevent
disabilities and injuries pertaining to road traffic accidents, a number of areas still require conductance
of further research. One of the key areas to be researched is the evaluation of additional methods by
which road traffic accidents can be monitored other than electronic traffic monitoring systems. Further,
research must be conducted to obtain information on existing levels of road safety and awareness
among citizens followed by additional research on the ways in which road safety measures can be
implemented or disseminated at the community or local levels (Syed, 2017). Additional research which
may prove to be beneficial in the prevention of road traffic associated injuries and accidents, will involve
obtaining information on the health outcomes, indicators and injury effects of various types of road
accidents. Such research can further be relayed to the concerned traffic police or healthcare
departments for hastened emergency management, treatment and recovery (DeNicola et al., 2016).
Conducting research on the role of personal factors such as disabilities and ageing in the occurrences of
accidents will provide new insights in the deliverance and care of road safety education and preventive
practices. Researches can also be conducted in areas of automobile features such as speed or design
which may contribute to the incidence and effect of road traffic injuries and disabilities may also prove
to be beneficial in the future designing of safer and resistant automobile models (Abdulaziz et al., 2018).
Lastly, conducting research on the rates of traffic accidents across various roads and streets as well as
across various times of the day, will also prove to be useful in the determination of traffic-prone areas.
This information can further be used to reduce accidents through reallocated traffic police services,
establishment of novel road diversions and speed limits (Issa, 2016).
Reference:
Abdulaziz, A. A., Radhi, G. A., Morgan, A., Alharbi, A. S., Aljuaid, F. F., Aldawsari, A. M., ...
& Alqeair, A. A. (2018). Injuries type and its relation with Glasgow Coma Scale, injury
severity score and blood transfusion in road traffic accident Victims. Medicni perspektivi
(Medical perspectives), 23(2), 148-159.
DeNicola, E., Aburizaize, O. S., Siddique, A., Khwaja, H., & Carpenter, D. O. (2016). Road
traffic injury as a major public health issue in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A
Review. Frontiers in public health, 4, 215.
Issa, Y. (2016). Effect of driver's personal characteristics on traffic accidents in Tabuk city in
Saudi Arabia. Journal of transport literature, 10(3), 25-29.
Syed, K. B. (2017). Maxillofacial injuries due to road traffic accidents in Saudi Arabia: a review
of incidence, demographic factors & prevention strategies. International Journal of
Medical and Dental Sciences, 6(1), 1386-1391.
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