University Report: Ethical and Business Aspects of Robotics and AI

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the ethical and business aspects of robotics and artificial intelligence (AI). It begins by outlining the ethical problems encountered in designing software for robots, emphasizing the potential for both ethical and unethical behaviors. The report then delves into the risks posed by AI and machine learning to businesses and society, including job displacement and the potential for misuse. It explores the development and design of ethical robots, highlighting the importance of adhering to ethical principles and legal regulations. The report also discusses the significance of considering ethical issues within businesses, emphasizing the need for responsible design and operation of robots. Finally, the report reflects on the challenges and opportunities presented by AI, concluding that ethical administration is crucial for the responsible use of robotics in a business context.

Running head: ETHICAL AND BUSINESS ASPECTS OF ROBOTICS AND AI
Ethical and business aspects of Robotics and AI
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Authors note

1ETHICAL AND BUSINESS ASPECTS OF ROBOTICS AND AI
Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................2
Ethical problem in the context of designing software for robots...............................................2
Risks raised by Artificial intelligence and machine learning for businesses and society..........3
Development and design of Ethical robots................................................................................4
Considering the ethical issues around robots is important for businesses.................................4
Reflection...................................................................................................................................5
Conclusion..................................................................................................................................5
References..................................................................................................................................6

2ETHICAL AND BUSINESS ASPECTS OF ROBOTICS AND AI
Introduction
With the exponential growth in the use of the robots in the different fields and
enabling them with the human like capabilities made them interactive machines. With the
help of the Sophisticated algorithms, sensor technology and high-speed miniaturized
computing abilities helped in incorporation of the robots in different business processes and
production lines (Körtner 2016). Along this lines the use of the artificial intelligence for
controlling the robots are also in controversy as often this robot requires selection of one
among the multiple undesirable options. Example of such scenario can be faced by a moving
car on busy road with pedestrians and other cars.
The following report contributes the different ethical issues in designing controlling
software’s for the robots, risks caused due to the use of the AI and the machine learning in
business as well as society. In addition to that, discussion about the available options to
develop an ethical robot and the reason behind the consideration of the ethical concerns in
this field is also included in the different section of this report.
Ethical problem in the context of designing software for robots
According to the experiments carried out by the authors Vanderelst and Winfield
(2018), in developing and designing the software for the robots the same type of cognitive
abilities is required for both ethical and unethical behaviours. In addition to that it is also
possible that, developers, technical supports or even the users of the robot may deliberately or
mistakenly can change the methods and settings of the developed software to change the
behaviour of a robot in an aggressive, competitive and unethical manner.
In case of hard coded ethical rules in the software’s and programs for the robots can
be serious risk in defining the behaviour of the robots (Bremner et al. 2019). The reason
behind this can be stated as, these hard coded rules can be exploited by the malicious hackers
in order to change the behaviour of the concerned robots. Here as an example, the white-hat
hacking of cars can be considered. Here it can be stated that, in this way ethical settings for a
complete group of driverless cars can be hacked and modified. In this way the hackers can
easily transform those vehicles in lethal weapons through the change of the ethics related
codes.
The enormous ability of the AI frameworks used in the robots that changes
tremendous measures of very complex equivocal data into human understandable insights
which can possibly uncover long-held secrets and help unravel a portion of the world's most
enduring issues (). Miniaturised computer based intelligence frameworks embedded in the
robots can possibly be utilized to help find experiences to treat illness, anticipate the climate,
and deal with the worldwide economy. It is an irrefutably useful asset. Also, similar to every
other human developed tools, extraordinary consideration must be taken in its design and
development.
However, in order to receive the societal rewards from the robotics technology
enabled by AI frameworks, initially it is important confide in it. The correct dimension of
trust will be earned through the repeated experience which also helps in the improvement in
the behaviour of the robots used in the different fields.
Software’s developed for the Robots excluding explicit ethical codes are vulnerable
too but contrary to the autonomous cars, weaponization of this type of robots/cars is
considered as more challenging task (Bremner et al. 2019). attacker, whereas explicitly

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ethical robots focus the robot’s behaviours to a small number of rules which make them, we
argue, uniquely vulnerable to cyber-attack.
Risks raised by Artificial intelligence and machine learning for
businesses and society
The ethical decision making procedure would turn out to be increasingly cluttered and
complex where sympathy and care are required for the human beings. For an instance if a
robot with an unbending adherence to the primary law of Asimov (which states that “A robot
may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to
harm.”) and taking care of elderly person would not have the capacity to take a choice if the
senior would not like to take his pills according to their disease. The robot would need to
figure out which decision, regardless of whether to enable the senior to avoid the medicine or
to make him take the pills against their will, would not hurt the senior. For this situation, both
the two instances would prompt to hurting the concerned senior to some degree.
Associated with work and human labour, some of the researchers concerned about
excessive innovation reliance. For instance, as robots turn out to be superior to people in
troublesome medical procedures, the subsequent loss of those occupations may likewise
mean the continuous loss of that restorative aptitude or information, to the degree that there
would be less human experts for the same task (Bremner et al. 2019). This situation is not
similar to the stress with work and administration robots that perform mundane and
dangerous tasks that may lead to the loss of human lives. However, there is a comparative
issue of ending up excessively dependent on the robots for fundamental work. For a certain
task, this reliance appears to make society be progressively delicate.
Similar to the Industrial and Internet Revolutions, one key concern is about loss of
jobs due to the use of the robots in different fields. Industrial facilities had supplanted armies
of specialists who used to play out a similar work by hand, offering path to the quicker,
progressively productive procedures through the automation (Wachsmuth 2018).
Their ethical abilities and moral affectability would should be progressively created
and refined all together for the vehicle to choose that breaking as far as possible on occasion
may spare the life of the user of the car. The case of organizing under remarkable conditions
while limiting the risks was given.
Robots and the machines enabled with the AI and Machine learning capabilities can
help individuals to perform very troublesome tasks, and act like genuine and solid colleagues
in completing those tasks (Vanderelst and Winfield 2018). From multiple points of view and
are or will be associated with the web. This respects the remote human-robot cooperation for
teleoperation what's more, tele-nearness. This and will allow robot-robot connection for
information sharing and agreeable working and learning and is a pre-phase of cloud robots.
From a social and ethical angle, misuse could lead to innovation fixation or intrusion of
protection. People in robotized conditions could confront mental issues.
At the end it can be stated that, the more powerful and sophisticated a technology
turn out to be, the more that specific technology can be used for despicable reasons as well as
good reasons. In the similar manner, this rule is also applicable to the robotics and the
enabling technologies the AI and machine learning (Bremner et al. 2019). In the recent
history the robots are developed in order to replace human soldiers from the battle ground,
autonomous weapons which does not require any human interaction. Along this lines of use
the AI can be also used to cause damage if used in a malicious manner. Similar to the above

4ETHICAL AND BUSINESS ASPECTS OF ROBOTICS AND AI
example, malicious use AI and Machine learning systems would not be restricted to the battle
grounds it is also a threat to the fields like cybersecurity.
Development and design of Ethical robots
Most of the researcher and designers considers the robots as sheer machines that are
very sophisticated according to their designs and are helpful in nature. From this point of
view, it is also considered that the robots do not contain hierarchical characteristics in order
to analyse the scenarios and respond accordingly (Devillers 2018). Furthermore, these robots
do not manage their consciousness and consequently free will depending on that through
different level of autonomy. This autonomy only can be embodied by the designer in the
software’s used for the robots. On the other hand, the researchers argued that following the
below mentioned principles it is possible to developed maintain the ethical standards for the
robots which are,
except security reasons the robots and their algorithms should not be designed
in a way that those cannot be weaponized.
Design and operation of the robots should always comply with the different
existing security, privacy and other important laws of different regions.
As the robots are developed and designed by the humans thus it always should
be treated as the products. Furthermore, similar to the other products developed by the
humans, the robots should be designed to be safe and secure use while considering the
error prone nature the human beings.
As a developed product or artefact the emotions as well as intent of the robots
should not be utilized in order to exploit vulnerable operators to avoid any kind of the
undesired accidents.
It is important to find out who is responsible for any kind change in the used
algorithms used for any robot so that in case of any undesired results the root causes
can be identified.
Considering the ethical issues around robots is important for
businesses
In case of the robotics, the ethical issue is with the used deign and software. The
researchers, as the error prone individuals, naturally struggle to make an ideal bit of complex
programming for the robots: some place in a huge number of lines of code, ordinarily
composed by groups of software engineers, mistakes and vulnerabilities likely exist (Alaieri
and Vellino 2016). While this normally does not result in significant disruptions in case of
small office applications—simply lost information if the users do not occasionally save their
work (which seemingly is their very own error)— even a minor programming imperfection in
hardware, for a vehicle or a robot, could prompt lethal outcomes when no proper instruction
is available in the codes against a certain scenario.
From the above arguments it is clear that ensuring the security of ethical robots is past
the extent of designing and will require administrative and administrative endeavours.
Considering the ethics, legitimate and societal ramifications of robots, it ends up evident that
robots themselves are not where obligation lies for any kind of undesired events Robots are
basically devices of different sorts, but uncommon devices, and the duty to guarantee they act

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well should dependably lie with individuals who design and operate those robots (Devillers
2018). finally, it is important state that ethical administration is required in using the robots in
an ethical manner in the business scenario, and this is similarly valid for robots with or
without express ethical practices.
Reflection
Throughout this report I tried to demonstrate and analysis different situations in
which robots should act ethically are increasingly powerful as one continuously moves from
modern apply autonomy towards the current outskirts of field and administration mechanical
technology. For different other reasons robot designers are not generally in the situation to
distinguish, portray in adequate detail, and actualize control strategies that are satisfactory to
accomplish responsive and adequately adaptable mechanical practices in ecological
conditions which contrast to such an incredible degree from standard mechanical apply
autonomy situations.
This epistemic impediment gives a solid inspiration to supplying administration
robots when all is said in done, and individual robots specifically, with the ability of gaining
from their experience and to use that experience in the next scenario by learning from the
source of different modifications in unique conditions.
Conclusion
The standards of morality or ethics varies crosswise over culture at a societal
dimension. It is constantly transforming as per diverse patterns, inclinations and mechanical
progressions. Ethical issues become increasingly more intricate with the new classification AI
accompanies. consensus is not probably going to be come to from the right-wrong polarity
rather the solution of this ethical lies in the intricate idea of morals. The objectives of the
robots ought to be aligned with the people’s objective through qualities and ethical lead.
The future complications should be considered by the different boards or research
offices, yet additionally by the administration, business, global associations at the earliest
stages of development and design. The culture of responsibility must be created at a
worldwide scale while developing and designing AI and machine learning enabled robots in
agreeable condition to be made and kept up.

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References
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