Nursing Care Report: Cerebrovascular Accident and Rogers' Theory

This report provides a comprehensive overview of applying Martha E. Rogers' theory of Unitary Human Beings to the nursing care of a 72-year-old male patient, Mr. Jon, who experienced a cerebrovascular accident (CVA). The report details the patient's history, including hypertension, diabetes, and left-sided hemiplegia. It outlines the application of Rogers' theory through the nursing process, including assessment of Mr. Jon and his environment, mutual patterning between the patient and his environment, and evaluation of his progress during his hospital stay and after discharge. The report emphasizes the importance of considering the patient as a whole, his interactions with the environment, and the need to adjust care based on his condition. The report concludes that nurses can effectively use Rogers’ model to deliver comprehensive care to patients.

Introduction
Grand nursing theories are broad in scope and present the general concepts. These theories are
complex in nature as they integrate several other theories. They include fairly abstract universal
concepts which try to describe the broad areas of a field developed through careful and insightful
review of existing ideas. On the basis of these perspectives, grand theories comprises of varying
ways of regarding the nursing phenomena. Although these theories are frequently considered
best for practice, they are not intended to be investigated scientifically. Grand nursing theories
address a range of concepts and ideas that nurse’s encounter during their care practice (George &
Julia, 2011). These theories are focused on models and conceptual frameworks which define
practice several situations and care environments and ways of assessing the phenomena on the
basis of these perspectives.
Discussion
The theory of Unitary human beings was given by Martha E Rogers. It views nursing as both
science as well as art (Petiprin, 2016). The formulation of Rogers abstract system was also
influenced by a preliminary grounding in arts, along with background in science as well as
interest in space. Rogers’ system model or the theory of Unitary Human Beings views human
beings as primary part with their environment (Koffi & Fawcett, 2016). According to the theory,
nursing practice emphasizes on human beings and the demonstrations that develop and come
forth due to the mutual contact of human and environment which can not be separated. The
modifications in the pattern and configuration of human and his environment is conveyed
through waves. This pattern appears as noticeable occurrence in human’s life. Therefore, it leads
to an improved understanding of human experience. Roger viewed human beings and their
environment as a single unit and so they should be studied together. She also believed that man
and their environment grow, change, and progress simultaneously and when a change happens,
both man and his environment will not be able to go back to their previous stage. Rogers used
energy fields, openness, pattern, and pan dimensionality as the units or elements to formulate her
model. Her idea is taken from the idea that universe is an open system in which people and their
environment interact individually and constantly (Alligood, 2014). As per Rogers, aim of nursing
is to promote synchronized interaction between human beings and their environment so that
coherence and integrity of the human beings can be strengthened and patterns of integration
between the energy fields for attaining maximum health capacity can be directed or redirected
(Wayne, 2016). In this assignment theory of Unitary human beings is applied to plan a client’s
nursing care with cerebrovascular accident.
Use of unitary human being in a case study
Mr. Jon who is a 72 year male was admitted to the ICU. During his admission, he was
unresponsive and diagnosed with septicaemia. He has a history of hypertension and diabetes
from last 12 years. He also suffered a left-sided hemiplegia as a consequence of stroke 9 months
ago. He was in ICU for three days and then transferred to the general ward. In ICU he was
drowsy, unable to verbalize his thoughts and stared blankly. Nasogastric tube was used to feed
him and Foley’s catheter to drain urine. He had a decubitus ulcer on the sacral area. In the ward,

he appeared fairly relaxed and could tolerate the oral fluids. He stayed with his son and he said
that his son spent a lot on his treatment. He felt that his sickness was a burden on his son and his
family. Although his son was quite supportive and wanted to take care of him. His son also said
that his father is very religious and strong deal with issues of life. Mr. Jon’s stay in hospital was
of four weeks and then he was discharged. Family members were trained to care for him and a
referral of social workers was given. He could sit with support on bed, move his right limbs, but
needed support of others for all other activities of daily living.
It is observed that Mr. Jon changed as per the changes in life. Initially he was healthy, strong,
and active in his life. On being diagnosed with hypertension and diabetes and suffering
hemiplegia, he change his lifestyle to adjust with his illness. For twelve years he was progressing
towards maximum health, but could not achieve it. His condition worsened and he was
hospitalized. His pattern changed again during the hospital stay and was determined by others
particularly the health care professionals and his son. Nurses focused on helping her in achieving
the maximum health during hospital stay. During discharge, family assistance and rehabilitation
was given so that he could be healthy in future. He used family, society, and the hospital
resources for an improved life. According to Rogers’ theory, nursing process has three steps
which are assessment, voluntary mutual patterning, and evaluation.
 An extensive assessment of Mr. Jon and his environment based on the basis of pattern
was done which included total pattern of events in Mr. Jon’s life at the given point,
simultaneous states of Jon and his environment, supplementary data, categorical disease
entities, subsystem pathology and pattern review.
 Mutual patterning of Mr. Jon and his environment involved giving knowledge, providing
choices to him, empowering him and his family, frequent pattern evaluation such as
pattern, work/leisure cycles, awake/sleep pattern, pain evaluation, hopes, and self-
reflection were found out.
 Several techniques of evaluation was used in Mr. Jon’s case. His self-care deficit for
immobility was evaluated that he is performing activities within his, family members are
supporting and motivating him. Impaired skin integrity due to prolonged bed rest was
also evaluated by checking the progress of bed sore healing. Another evaluation was done
regarding the impaired social interaction because of activity intolerance by asking about
his feelings and response of family members.
Therefore, principles of nursing process were utilised to give detailed nursing care to Mr. Jon
and his family (Aranha, 2018).
Conclusion
A comprehensive nursing care was provided to Mr. Jon on applying the Rogers’ theory of
Unitary human beings. It can be understood that Mr. Jon as a whole, his interaction with the
environment and the need to alter his environment as per his condition. Nurses can use the
Rogers’ model in daily practice to deliver comprehensive care to the service users.

References
Alligood, M. R. (2014). Nursing Theory: Utilization & Application. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.
Aranha, P. R. (2018). Application of Rogers’ system model in nursing care of a client with
cerebrovascular. Manipal Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences, 4(1), 50-56.
George, & Julia. (2011). Nursing theories : the base for professional nursing practice / editor:
Julia B. George (6 ed.). Pearson: Upper Saddle River, N.J.
Koffi, & Fawcett. (2016). The two nursing disciplinary scientific revolutions: Florence
Nightingale and Martha E. Rogers. Nursing Science Quarterly, 29(3).
Petiprin, A. (2016). Science of Unitary Human beings. Retrieved March 30, 2019, from Nursing-
Theory,org: http://www.nursing-theory.org/theories-and-models/roger-theory-of-unitary-
human-beings.php
Wayne, G. (2016, December 12). Martha E Roger's Theory of Unitary Human Beings. Retrieved
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