Essay: Role of Public Health in Health and Social Care Services

This essay provides a comprehensive overview of the role of public health in health and social care, focusing on the responsibilities of various agencies like the World Health Organization (WHO), Department of Health, and National Health Service (NHS) in England. It examines the epidemiology of both infectious diseases, such as HIV/AIDS, and non-infectious diseases, such as breast cancer, detailing their causes, trends, and statistical data. The essay further analyzes the effectiveness of different strategies, systems, and policies in promoting health and well-being, including prevention, treatment, and remedial care approaches. It also highlights the impact of lifestyle choices on future health and social care needs, emphasizing the importance of health education and promotion. Overall, the report underscores the significance of public health initiatives in safeguarding and improving the health of communities.

ROLE OF PUBLIC HEALTH IN
HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
Essay................................................................................................................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6
2.1 Determination of the existing approaches and priorities to the provision of service for
people with the chosen infectious and non-infectious disease...............................................6
2.2 Explanation about the relationship between the ratio of disease and need of services to
support individuals within health and social care services condition.....................................6
2.3 Analysis about the current life style choice influence on future needs for health and social
care.........................................................................................................................................7
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7
3.1 Assessment of the health and well-being priorities for people in health and social care
setting.....................................................................................................................................7
3.2 Evaluation of effectiveness of strategies, systems and policies in a health or social care
setting ....................................................................................................................................9
3.3 Changes that could be made to better the health and well-being of human beings in a
health and social care setting..................................................................................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
In the present time, health issues and diseases are continuously increasing in the
community. In this aspect, it is very important to promote public health in the country so as
people can escape from the huge disease and health problem. Public health is a procedure to
protect and improve health of communities by promoting the significance of the individual life.
In a simple way, it can be said that public health is related to securing and protecting the
community from infectious and non-infectious diseases. In the present report, various kinds of
the international, national and local agencies that are effective in public health in England have
been addressed (Alakeson, 2013). In addition to this, effectiveness of at least 2 strategies, 2
systems and 2 policies in promoting the health and well-being of individual has been also
discussed in this report. The major objective of this report is to understand various approaches,
strategies used to measure, monitor and control the incidence of disease in communities.
TASK 1
Essay
In every country, there are some government bodies who have major role to identify
health disease in population. World Health Organisation, European Union, Department of
Health, Public Health UK etc. are agencies that assist communities by controlling and
monitoring the disease in societies. The roles and responsibilities of these agencies in the North
London are discussed below-
 World Health organisation (WHO) - This agency is working in the health and care
sector and it is an international level organisation. The major role of this organisation is
to determine various kinds of diseases in the UK. Another major role of WHO is to
provide the guidance and suggestion regarding different health issue, health agenda,
norms, policies etc. (Anderson and McFarlane, 2010) It also monitors and control the
health care needs for local community.
 Department of Health- This is the organisation that works for determining the level of
health and disease in London for communities (Annor and Allen, 2008). It is a ministerial
department of the UK government that have responsibility for government policy on
health agency. Another major responsibility of this organisation is to identify and
determine the needs and requirement of people regarding their health issue and problem
in London. They are mainly responsible to identify several policies, guidelines, procedure

and practices depending on the types of diseases. By these practices and policies, they
can improve the quality of care services of the patient in London.
 Local authorities- This is another one of the major significant agency that assists to the
community in identifying the disease of health. The major role of these agencies is to
determine the level of health and diseases among communities of London (Atwal and
Jones, 2009).Another major responsibility of this organisation is to understand the major
reason behind the diseases among the individual so as these can overcome among the
communities.
 National Health Service (NHS) - This is the biggest single player in the health and care
field which provides various high quality of care services to patient. It provides its cafe
services free of cost to the citizens in the country and improve their health issues.
In the heath and care sector, Epidemiology is a term which is used to assess the cause, effects of
health, diseases condition in the number of people. It deals with elements that are associated with
effects and cause of the disease in the environment (Beresford, 2006). This aspect helps in
developing several criteria for clinical research support studied in the health and care sector.
With assistance of this aspect, health experts can design the study by collection, statistical
analysis of information and interpretation of the outcome. In the UK, Epidemiology of non-
infectious and infectious diseases are discussed below-
Non-infectious disease is Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is that cancer which is developed from breast tissue. While any women
have breast cancer then she may face several signs such as lump in the breast, change in the
breast shape, dimpling of the skin, red scaly patch of skin and fluid coming from the nipple. The
major reason for arise of breast cancer is obesity, lack of physical exercise, drinking alcohol,
having children late in the life etc. In the female, while growth of breast cells starts in the wrong
manner then this kind of health issue occurred (Birnbaum, 2012). There are major two kinds of
breast cancer that is invasive and non- invasive. Breast cancer is diagnosed by the physical exam
and by self-examination of the breasts, testing and mammography, ultrasound testing etc. The
treatment of breast cancer depends upon the type of cancer. As per the research study, it has been
founded that in the year of 2017, approximately 50000 females were suffering from the breast
cancer.
Trends of the Disease

 It has been found that new cases of the Invasive breast cancer in the 2015 in UK are
55122.
 The death from breast cancer in the UK in 2014 is 11433.
Infectious Disease: HIV/AIDS
Meaning of HIV/AIDS
HIV disease arises in the individual while they in the contact with infected blood, semen and
vaginal fluids. This virus spread through certain body fluids that attracts the body's immune
system (Bogg, 2010). HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus which can lead to
Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome. These special cells assist the immune system to fight
off infection.
Transmission of the HIV by several ways
 By sharing drug needles with someone who have infected with HIV.
 While individual contact with vaginal fluids, semen and infected blood, then they may
occur with HIV.
 While anyone does sex with person who is already infected with HIV.
Statistics of HIV/AIDS in London 2015
 As per the research, it has been found that more than 55% of the people in London have
HIV because of unsafe sex.
 Many of the people have HIV due to the infected blood during treatment and by use of
infected injections.
 As per the research, it has been also found that in 2016, new patients of HIV were 5000
and 400 patients were those who have died due to HIV.
In order to control the disease of HIV and breast cancer, UK government have developed
several approaches and strategies. Legislation is one of the major effective practice that has been
implemented by the UK government. Some legislation(s) are developed such as care quality act,
health and safety act, quality standard act etc (Brown, Cueto, and Fee, 2006). By help of this
legislation, health expert can deliver high quality and right treatment to patient. Health education
is another best approach that assists people in taking the awareness regarding health issue and
diseases. Health promotion is another one of the significant practice and strategy that should be
followed by the health experts in the organisation. By help of these practices of health
promotion, organisation of health care can easily provide the awareness of HIV and breast cancer

among the patients. In addition to this, WHO should conduct the health promotion with help of
advertisement by television, radio, newspaper, social media etc.
TASK 2
2.1 Determination of the existing approaches and priorities to the provision of service for people
with the chosen infectious and non-infectious disease
There are various approaches and priorities to the provision of service for people in the UK
which are discussed below-
Prevention- Prevention is the best approach regarding the provision of service. In the UK, WHO
can effectively prevent people from infection and disease (Bryans, 2005). This assists individual
in minimising the cost of treatment.
Treatment- It is another approach to deliver high quality and effective treatment to service users
in the health and care organisation. Management should hire more skilled and professional health
experts to deliver high quality treatment to patient.
Remedial care- This approach assists the organisation in determining the suitable treatment and
cause of disease so as it can deliver treatment and care service to them accordingly. With
assistance of this remedial care patients can get the high level of treatment and care services by
which their health issue and problem can easily overcome.
2.2 Explanation about the relationship between the ratio of disease and need of services to
support individuals within health and social care services condition
In the health and care organisation, there is requirement to provide the awareness
regarding the health issue and problem. With help of effective health education and promotion,
anyone can easily overcome the health issue because this activity assists to providing proper
knowledge about the causes, precaution and treatment of health issue. It is very important for
WHO to deliver effective care treatment to patient so that they can improve their health problem.
It is very important for the health and care organisation to follow all legislation and practices
regarding health and care services as well as treatment. In addition to this, along with legislation,
health experts are also restricted to adopt the wrong and ineffective care treatment for patient
(Kovandzic, 2010). Thus, it can be said that in the UK, quality provision and standard assists the
patients in getting high quality treatment as well as care service through which their health issue
and problem can easily improve.

2.3 Analysis about the current life style choice influence on future needs for health and social
care
The life style of the individual hugely affects the future needs of the individual in the
health and care sector. It can be understood by an example. A lady have diagnosed that she has
breast cancer issue. At the time of determination of this illness, she has also found that this issue
arise due to the obesity as she has less work-out and physical exercise due to which her weight
has enhanced. Furthermore, another reason explored during the diagnosis of disease are
consuming unhealthy food, in tech rich and oily food, improper life style, consuming alcohol and
smoking etc. On the basis of the current lifestyle choices, she has got that she has serious level
health issue which may completely spoil her health (Corbett, Travaglia and Braithwaite, 2011).
Thus, on the basis of this example, it can be said that the current choice and lifestyle of the
individual can affect the future need of the individual. From this example, it has been clear that
the people in WHO are suffering from the breast cancer and HIV should focus on the current life
style and choice as it directly affects the future needs. The decision of the today can hugely affect
the future needs of the individual. Thus, it is very important for the people to understand the
importance of the present needs and requirement.

TASK 3
3.1 Assessment of the health and well-being priorities for people in health and social care
setting
In the health and care organisation, it is great responsibility of the health and care experts to
assess and identify the health and well-being priorities for the individual in the UK. In order to
analyse the health and well-being priorities, health experts can focus on the joint strategic need
assessment method (Frahm, 2009). It is also very important to assess the population of the
London on the basis of the emotionality, security, diet, social etc (Number of people living with
HIV. 2015). While the assessment about the individual well-being and health priorities
addressed then there are found various kind of health and well-being regarding priorities of
individual which are discussed below-
 There is requirement of reduceing the numbers of people who are having habit of
smoking, alcohol, drugs etc. There is requirement of changing their habits of the
addicted people in the country.
 There is requirement of overcoming the numbers of overweight people and decrease
obesity issue among the children and adults (Hegarty, 2012).
 There is requirement to improve the life expectancy difference in the ethical groups,
deprived, minorities people who have various kinds of the health disease and problem
regarding their health like cancer, diabetes, HIV etc.
 There is requirement to provide help and support to those people who are having serious
kind of health issues and make them independent.
The above mentioned priorities will be implemented in London for improving the infectious
and non-infectious health issues among the people. With assistance of these priorities and

improvement, significant improvement can be brought in the country and overcome the several
disease by use of the prevention tools and equipment (Hillier and et.al., 2009). As HIV and
Breast cancer disease can overcome in the population in the London if people are more aware
about the precaution, risk, causes and treatment associated with these healths issue.
3.2 Evaluation of effectiveness of strategies, systems and policies in a health or social care
setting
In the health and care organisation in the UK, there are various kinds of health and care
policies, system and strategies have been developed by the UK government. The effectiveness
of these policies, strategies and system are discussed below- Quality provision- In order to provide the safety and quality regarding care services to
the patient, UK government has developed safety and Quality Act 2015 and Care
Standard Act 2000. These legislations and policies assist the people in getting high
quality of care service and treatment in the health and care organisation. In addition to
this along with legislation, health experts are also restricted to adopt the wrong and
ineffective care treatment for patient (Kovandzic, 2010). Thus, it can be said that in the
UK, quality provision and standard assists the patient in getting high quality treatment
and care service through which their health issue and problem can easily improve. Partnership working-. Working in the partnership is one of the most significant policy,
strategy and provision that assists health experts in delivering effective treatment and
care services to patient through which health issue can improve (Law. and Elliott,
2009). Along with the policy of working in partnership, management can easily
improve the quality of care services and treatment because while two or more than two
care experts works in the team then they can share their knowledge, idea and
information about the operation and treatment. Thus, with help of working in

partnership, quality of care service can easily improve in the health and care
organisation.
 Complaint policies- The complaint's policy is also very effective and significant in the
health and care organisation. With assistance of this provision, patients can complaints
against the care worker and management in the health and care organisation.
3.3 Changes that could be made to better the health and well-being of human beings in a health
and social care setting
As per the discussion, it has been found that HIV and breast cancer patient numbers are
increasing day by day in the country. In this situation, it is very important to provide awareness
regarding their improvement and precautions. Following are some changes that can be made
significant improvement in the human being- Health education- With help of health education, HIV and breast cancer numbers of
patient can easily decrease within the UK country. With assistance of health education,
patient can get knowledge about the precaution, risk factor and treatment regarding
Breast cancer and HIV (Manthorpe and et.al., 2009). While people have knowledge
about the causes of HIV, then they can easily overcome this issue. Physical exercise- This is the best change that can make significant improvement in the
patient in the UK. With help of physical exercise, patient can easily improve their
stamina and overcome the issue regarding obesity which is major cause of breast cancer
(Kovalainen and Högstedt, 2013).
 Health promotion- Health care agencies and organisation should use several tools and
medium to promote the health in human being. With help of social media, print media,
television, radio etc. Patient can easily get awareness regarding the precaution and
treatment of disease (Neill 2010).
Smoking Cessation program in the UK will organise by the WHO. With help of this activity,
people can get knowledge and idea about the effect of smoking on the health of patients. By
implementing this activity, health care organisation can encourage behaviour changes of people
which enhance their health and well-being. In order to implementing this program within the
community (Nolan, 2005).By implementing this program among the community, the smoker

can understand the negative impact of the smoking on the health and human body. Smoking
Cessation program is very helpful for the community by which people can overcome this habit
and live healthy life. Organisation will use several modules which are discussed below-
Developed Free Mobile application
Provide free Quit Kit for Smoke free campaign
Free email and text support
Free Smoking advisor
Stop smoking ads etc.
CONCLUSION
From this report, it has been concluded that prevention is the best approach regarding the
provision of service. In the UK, WHO can effectively prevent people from infection and disease.
In every country, there are some legislation and provision has been developed by government to
deliver effective treatment and care service to patient so as they can improve their health issue.
This assists individual in minimising the cost of treatment. In this manner, local authority, social
service and national health and service UK complaints regulation assists to the service users in
the health and care organisation. It has been also concluded that people should improve their
current lifestyle and choice because it directly affects the future needs of individual. From this
report, it has been also concluded that health care experts can improve the health of patients and
overcome the diseases among them by applying effective treatment.

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Online
Number of people living with HIV. 2015. [Online]. Available through:
<https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/
401662/2014_PHE_HIV_annual_report_draft_Final_07-01-2015.pdf>.