Assessment: The Role of Public Health in Health and Social Care

This report provides a comprehensive overview of the role of public health in health and social care, examining various approaches and strategies for disease prevention, control, and monitoring. It explores the functions of health and social care agencies like WHO, NHS, and GMC, and their contributions to community health. The report delves into epidemiological methods, including surveillance, screening, and education programs, while also addressing infectious and non-infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS and obesity. It further analyzes primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention methods and the impact of lifestyle choices on public health. Additionally, the report identifies physical, environmental, and psychological factors influencing health and well-being, and the impact of lifestyle choices on health outcomes, with a focus on the UK context. This report is available on Desklib, a platform providing study tools for students.

The Role of
Public Health in
Health and Social Care

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
1.1...........................................................................................................................................3
1.2 ..........................................................................................................................................4
1.3 .........................................................................................................................................6
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................7
2.1 ..........................................................................................................................................7
2.2 ..........................................................................................................................................8
2.3 ..........................................................................................................................................8
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................10
3.1 ........................................................................................................................................10
3.2 ........................................................................................................................................11
3.3 ........................................................................................................................................12
3.4 ........................................................................................................................................12
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFRENCES.................................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Public health is defined as science as well as art of preventing sickness, prolonging life
as well as promoting to human well being by adopting formed efforts as well as familiar choices
of the community, public as well as private communities, individuals and organizations
(Ambrose and Ashcroft, 2016). This will also lead to promoting several factors which lead to
safety as well as improvement of health of society by providing them education, developing
policies, aware about disease and injuries prevention and many others. This report will explain
about diverse approaches as well as strategies which can be used to measure, control and monitor
incidence related to disease in society. It will also include information about the investigations
that lead to illness as well as disease situation at community in order to provide provision and
measures related to health and social care services. Moreover this can also include element that
will affect the health as well as well being of a person related to setting of health and social care.
TASK 1
1.1
Around the world there are various health as well as social care agencies are working for
determining reason why various type of diseases are spreading at continuously. These agencies
are playing essential role for community because through it society able to know healthful
measure which they are to prevent themselves from those diseases. This will also lead to
enhancement in well being of the society as well as it will also improve country strong and
productive. Some of the main example of health and social care agencies are WHO (World
Health Organization) which work ate international level, National Health Service that work at
national level and General Medical Council which is based on regional level (Atun and et. al.,
2015). These all agencies of health and social care are working for improving health of
community.
General Medical Council conduct their activities in order to provide support for
identifying health issues which are faced by society. They also conduct proper research and
analysis in order to identify informations related to medicines, preventive measure and remedies
for saving life of patients. Along with this General Medical Council also develop or set particular
standard for doctor or medical professional who are appointed for conducting diagnoses of health
issues from which society is going through. This agencies also design as well as conduct number

of training and development programmes medical professionals on regular basis and according to
requirement because it help in enhancing power as well as effectiveness of medical treatments.
1.2
In today's time there are number of diseased through which society peoples are getting
affected or suffered and due to this they also need to consult with doctors. From these diseases
some are infectious as well as few are non infectious (Brownson, Colditz and Proctor, 2018). So
it is essential for peoples as well as medical professional to identify cause in order to determine
type of disease from which they are affected because it help in starting treatment more
effectively.
Epidemiology is define as a method which are related to analysis and study of patterns,
determinants and distribution related to condition of disease and health in particular population.
This will help in developing policies and decision which are based on evidences related to risk
factors of particular disease faced by society. Epidemiology is done of both type of diseases i.e.
infections diseases and non infections diseases.
Infections diseases such as AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) which is
transmitted through HIV (Human Immuno Deficiency Virus) germ. Its mode of transmission are
having sex, sharing of injection, mother to child at the time of pregnancy or breastfeeding, bitten
by HIV person and so on. Below data are given related to population who are infected through
HIV AIDS in United Kingdom.
Illustration 1: HIV AND AIDS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM (UK)
(Source: HIV AND AIDS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM (UK), 2019)

There are number of non infections disease such as Obesity. It is define as health issues
in which a person body get body fat more then the particular extent due which they may faced
number of diseases such as diabetes, weakness of bone, laziness and so on. In order to avoid
obesity situation a person may adopt measure like take balance diet, do exercise, yoga,
meditation and many more. The ratio of obesity population at United Kingdom are given below:-
Illustration 2: HIV AND AIDS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM (UK)
(Source: HIV AND AIDS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM (UK), 2019)
Illustration 3: Overweight and Obesity Statistics
(Source: Overweight and Obesity Statistics, 2019)

1.3
In a nation there are number of health as well as social approaches as well as strategies
are undertaken in order to enhance well being of the society (Butler, Booth and Burwell, 2012).
Through this a person or medical professional also able to get rid off through several disease like
infections and non infections in a community. In this main function is to identify appropriate
symptoms and conduct medical practices accordingly to reduce it. From that some of the main
measures which are adopted by GMC are given below:-
Illustration 4: UK Obesity Statistics in 2017
(Source: UK Obesity Statistics in 2017, 2019)

 Surveillance:- According to this measure analysis will be done in order to identify
aspects at surrounding, which will lead to health issues in future. Through this method
medical professional able to identify symptom which cause health issues or infection as
well as it will also help in conducting treatment accordingly.
 Screening:- This is define as method which is generally adopted by health professional
in order to control issues related to health and social care (Duckett and Willcox, 2015).
This method of prevention will include regular check up of patent in order to check
health issues and improvement. Through this person also able to get proper medical
facilities and treatment according to condition.
 Education and social welfare programs: This is define as method in which different
health care agencies conduct campaigns and workshops for educating about health as
well as social care at the community. Through this type of method society able to get
aware about the disease and how they can cure themselves from health issues.
TASK 2
2.1
In the world there are number of diseases which have its own symptoms and cure or
treatment as well as these are also dissimilar from each other. So it is essential for doctors and
other medical professionals to analyse disease in effective manner because it help them in
conducting treatment. Some of the major provisions of services for society are given below:-
 Primary Prevention: This is define as process in which medical agencies provide
education to the society so that they know about different type of diseases. Its symptoms
and preventive measures. Such as in United Kingdom, their medical agencies and
government conduct respective practices for HIV AIDS, in this they develop or introduce
CHAPS and NAHIP in which sex education are provided to society (Eggleston and
Finkelstein, 2014).
 Secondary Prevention: In this practices Societies or agencies related to National Health
introduce or develop program in which pregnant women blood get tested in order to
identify health issues. By this practices medical professional can save offspring from
getting suffered with HIV diseases. At United Kingdom this medical procedure is

conduced for 72 hours for the treatment and it is named with Post Exposure Prophylaxis
(PEP).
 Tertiary Prevention: This prevention is a last stage of the prevention method in which
moderating care is provided to suffered person. Such as in this a person will get
alleviative health and social care who is affected from HIV AIDS as well as at respective
situation patients and its family both get same treatment (Feinstein, Richter and Foster,
2012). This is so because through it patient get recover from health issues and able to
leave quality life.
2.2
It is very essential in the health as well as social care that an individual get proper
services and facilities in order to get cure from disease through which they are suffering from
because it will help them in getting cure from the health issues. In this situation it is necessary
for health and social care agencies to conduct appropriate research and analysis in order to know
exact data, statistics and symptoms of particular disease because it will help in developing
strategies accordingly which related to prevention. So in case of HIV AIDS and Obesity it is
essential for society to conduct proper analysis and develop plan accordingly.
By identifying statistics medical professional able to arrange or prepare themselves
according to the requirement. This will also help them in developing programmes related to HIV
and Obesity. Along with this by knowing exact ration of population who are suffered from
particular diseases health care agencies or hospitals able to develop programmes and strategies
accordingly. They must also plan different programmes related to it which help in educating
peoples about the diseases. In respect of HIV, medical professional may develop strategies
related to providing sex education at society and aware them about the importance of condom
and other preventions (Harper, 2014). On the other hand in case of obesity medical agencies may
educate society about health life and how obesity can be avoided for leaving health life.
2.3
Now a day life style choice of a person impact on their health and major time it will lead
to issues and problems. In United Kingdom there are number of population which are suffered
from HIV AIDS and Obesity which developed due to their lifestyle choice, which are mentioned
below:-

Obesity:- This is define as situation in which human body get excess amount of fat in their body.
Due to which they may also faced number of disease or health issues such as depression,
laziness, weakness in bone and so on. This will generally take place due to several reason such
as-
 Improper Diet Schedule:- It consider as unhealthy eating habit of a person which
include more fast food and sugar content (Kindig and Isham, 2014). This will lead to
obesity because due to these food items person's calories and body fat get increase.
 No Physical Exercise:- If a person not conduct physical activities then their fat not able
to burn and get stored which lead to obesity situation. Moreover, now a day more peoples
are conducting setting job due to which they not able to do proper exercise.
There are some reasons which leads to health issues at United Kingdom:-
 Smoking:- At United Kingdom peoples of 18 to 24 year conduct more smoking on an
average of whole population. Due to this habit they faced number of health issues in
future time such as breathing issue, regular ill health and so on.
Illustration 5: Adult smoking habits in the UK: 2017
(Source: Adult smoking habits in the UK: 2017, 2019)

 Sexual health issues:- It is consider as situation at which number of disease can be
developed such as HIV AIDS, Gonorrhoea and so on. In United Kingdom mostly or
widely spread disease is Chlamydia.
TASK 3
3.1
In a society or nation, there are number of elements that will affect the health as well as
well being of a person such as physical factors, economical factor, sociological factors and
environmental factors, from which some major are given below:-
 Physical Factors: In a human body there are several physical factors which directly
affect health and well being such as hormonal imbalance, genetic disorder, malfunction
of body part and improper immune system (NabiPrestinandSo2013). This will lead to
number of health issues such as high level of cholesterol, high blood pressure, stress,
depression and so on. It will generally take place due to improper diet, less physical
activities, taking too much tension and so on.
 Environmental Factor: It is define as health issues which is developed due to
environmental impurities such as dirty water, unhealthy surrounding, open garbage near
Illustration 6: publishes full annual data for 2017
(Source: publishes full annual data for 2017, 2019)

house and so on. Due to this number of health issues may arise such as reduce lungs
functioning, asthma, cough, breathing issues and so on.
 Psychological Factors: This factor include behaviour, culture and psychology of a
person which involve in betterment or illness of physical and mental health. Such as
stress is consider as psychological factors and unsafe sex, smoking, alcohol intake is
consider as behavioural factors which directly impact on a person's health (Perkins and et.
al., 2016).
These are major factors which help in assessing the health as well as wellness of a person
in respect of specific health and social care setting.
3.2
There are various plan of action, method as well as policies which are developed in health
and social care for providing high quality services to the customers that help them in curing
themselves fast and more effectively. By these practices health as well as social care agencies
also able to offer quality and standard services to their patients because these organisation
develop proper standard according to which medical professionals has to conduct their practices.
These will also ensure that personal data and information of patients as well as staff are secure,
there are number of effective strategies, system as well as policies created in health and social
care, from which some are mentioned below:-
 Social care services and information: It refers to the activities which are provided by
social health care system for treating patient in effective manner. This will involve
several measures such as providing quality equipments, financial support, health care
service at home and so on.
 Data protection Act: It is developed by government in the year 1998 (Rechel and et. al.,
2013). It is adopted by a health care centre in order to ensure that data and information of
patient as well as staff are safe from any inappropriate activities.
 Quality service provision: According to this practice, health care service provider will
ensure that they are providing quality services to their patients in order to ensure that
patient will treat effectively.
These are some of the major strategies, systems as well as policies in health and social
care which help agencies in conducting their work in effective as well as appropriate manner.

3.3
There are various factors or measures which can be taken for the improvement of health
and well being of individual in the health and social care setting. From which some major are
mentioned below:-
 Physical factors: It will include or create health issues such as high blood pressure, high
level of cholesterol and so on. This will also include stress which is developed due to
high work pressure as well as it will also include behaviour of a person that describe its
eating habit (Riekert, Ockene and Pbert, 2013). The inappropriate eating habit may arise
sugar level, level of carbohydrate, cholesterol level and many more. In this case it is
responsibility of a person and health care agencies to promote effectiveness of effective
health and measure which can be take for this.
 Social economic factors: The main reason related to this factor is poverty which impact
on a person's health and well being. This is so because if a person didn't have enough
money to survive then they not able to eat, drink and leave properly. Due to this several
health issues may arise such as nutrition deficiency disease, weak bones, heart attack and
so on. In respect to overcome these issues it is responsibility of government as well as
society to take corrective measures in order to remove poverty situation.
These are some major factors which must be improve in order to develop as well as
maintain proper health and well being society in respect of health and social care.
3.4
There are number of activities which can be conducted or implemented in order to
encourage behaviour change which will lead to maximising health condition of a person in
respect of health and social care setting. These activities will also help them in developing more
appropriate condition for the peoples or society which encourage to proper heath as well as well
being of a person (Sallis and et. al., 2012). For this health and social care centre or agencies may
conduct education programmes to the peoples so that they know about symptoms which leads to
particular disease. Along with this, it will also provide information through which an individual
prevent themselves from the particular health issues (Scambler, 2012). Moreover, for maintain
certain environmental it will be responsibility of society as well as government to clean
surrounding so that less bacteria may develop which lead to major health issues.

CONCLUSION
Through conducting analysis of all topics which are mentioned above it can be
summarised, by adopting public health care measures in the community a person can prevent
themselves from different type of diseases, allergies and injuries. Moreover there are number of
agencies that help in finding out disease and health which are related with Epidemiology
included non infectious as well as infectious diseases such as infectious disease like microbe
transmitted and non infectious disease is Obesity. There are number of approaches or measures
which can be adopted for controlling or preventing diseases are like screening, surveillance,
social well fare, education about disease prevention, immunisation and so on. Along with this
there are generally two type of preventions i.e. primary and secondary. Primary prevention will
include current approaches related to priorities as well as services for diseases and secondary
prevention will consider prevention tertiary prevention that will be included in respective report.
By adopting effective health and social care measures a person able to maintain its
physical,social and mental health.