Global Health Issues and Sustainable Development Goals in Romania

This report provides a detailed analysis of the global health issues prevalent in Romania, including communicable diseases like tuberculosis, non-communicable diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular issues, and public health concerns like ischemic heart disease and HIV/AIDS. It describes Romania's universal health insurance program and highlights challenges within the healthcare system, such as underfunding, low salaries for medical staff, and corruption. The report also discusses the implementation of sustainable development goals to improve healthcare and well-being, emphasizing the importance of collaboration between government organizations, healthcare professionals, and the World Health Organization. The advocacy statement underscores the need for improved funding, development programs, and training for medical staff to enhance the quality of healthcare services in Romania.

GLOBAL HEALTH
ISSUE

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................4
Main health issue in the country includes communicable, non-communicable and public
health issue.............................................................................................................................4
Description of the health system in the country.....................................................................6
Sustainable development goals in health system within country...........................................7
Advocacy statement................................................................................................................8
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
The global and public health defined as a factor which help to provide essential services
to the users who is dealing are facing the consequences of health. In this, global public health
usually addresses public health issues that come to the level of global environment which include
epidemics and newly emerging and remerging disease that is infectious or non-infectious at the
level of global regions. The globalisation of trade and the increase in chronic illnesses can create
the global public health issues. The public health measures are usually intended for the student
who are interested in the health problems of communities and the proper action will be adopted
in order to improve the lives of large populations within a social group or the communities.
Moreover, the main role of public health is to improve the health outcomes for the number of
people through the objective of preventing diseases and providing information related with the
positive health outcome. The health consequences of environmental hazards and natural disaster
are usually happened in which the public health play a vital role by preventing them (Ajayi and
et. al., 2021).
As per this, the Romania is selected a country with 1.93 crore population. Moreover,
Romania is a South eastern European country known as the forested region of Transylvania. The
economy of Romania is a high-income mixed economy with a very human development index
by the European union. It is identified that the nominal GDP is about 12th rank and seventh
largest adjusted by purchasing power parity. Moreover, they are taking 35 ranks on the basis of
their economy. In this, the health measures and accountability are taken in order to improve the
lives of people in Romania. Moreover, there are various public health issues which is faced by
country with aspect of communicable, non-communicable and public health issue. In this report,
the major discussion is being taken on the major health issues in Romania and the description of
the health system which is running in Romania. As per this, the discussion is also held on the
progress of the country on the basis of sustainable development goals and provide some of the
ways which is helpful to improve the population health (Apostu and et. al., 2019).

MAIN BODY
Main health issue in the country includes communicable, non-communicable and public health
issue
Communicable disease: There are number of communicable diseases which is transmitting in
the Romania or the overall Europe. While taking the aspect of Romania, it is analyzed that the
fifth of the total population of Romania is usually suffer from a communicable disease or also
from the chronic disease. They are 17283 people is dealing with tuberculosis in 2008. Moreover,
the mortality rate is 31.8 people per 1,000 infected citizens. As per the analysis, it is also
analyzed that the condition and the Romania due to the tuberculosis is impacted the various
community and social group. It also impacts the economy of the country due to the poor index of
health which is happened as per the tuberculosis. The Government of the Romania is used to
follow the guidelines of World health organization in order to prevent the cases of tuberculosis.
As per this, the World health organization provides fund to the Europe and standard operating
procedure to reduce the cases of tuberculosis because the ratio of mortality rate is becoming
higher as per day-to-day. Moreover, Romania is used to face various critical situations with the
tuberculosis as a communicable disease (Ceptureanu and et. al., 2017).
Figure 1 Tuberculosis in Romania

Non- communicable disease: In Romania the leading causes of diabetes is crossing the safety
barrier in country. As per this, there are other disease which also rising such as cardiovascular
disease, chronic kidney failure and so on. Moreover, the Romania is one of the 57th countries of
the European regions over the four 63 million people have diabetes in the world and more 60
million peoples are from the European region. It is also approximated that before 2045 this will
be rising up to 270 million. The condition of Romania with the diabetic patient is higher as
compared with the other countries in the European region. Moreover, the government is used to
create campaigns and awareness program as a strategy to improve the people's health and their
regular activity that make changes in the cases of diabetes government also provide subsidies on
the medications with the larger scale to control and improve the quality of life (Dodgson and et.
al., 2017).
Figure 2 Prevalence of Diabetes in Romania
Public health issue: While taking the contrast of public health issues in Romania, Ischemic heart
disease remain the main cause of death all through cancer mortality is one of the factors which is
also rises. Romania also faces challenges in order to create the infectious disease. As per the
above discussion, tuberculosis has a high rate of mortality in the region of Europe around half of
the death in Romania with the risk factor of behavior. Moreover, the other public health issues
and the Romania are occurred due to the measles, HIV/AIDS and cirrhosis. Moreover, the

HIV/AIDS create negative impact on the people of Romania because a number of peoples are
usually infected with the HIV/AIDS. Moreover, a situation of epidemic is arising in the Romania
by the rising cases of measles and HIV/AIDS (Dura and et. al., 2017).
Figure 3 Public health issue
Description of the health system in the country
The health system of Romania has a program of universal health insurance. So, there is a
mandatory payroll tax which the country are uses in order to provide a coverage to the entire
population of Romania. Specifically, Romania consistently using their 4% of the GDP on the
contribution of healthcare which is measured as the lowest rate of spends in the Europe.
Moreover, Romania offers benefits of a universal health care system that state the finance with
respect of primary, secondary, and tertiary health care. However, the public health campaigns are
usually interdependent by the government of Romania. The ministry of health of Romania is
required to manage and make a proper monitoring to the public health care sectors in order to
generate funds and improve the quality of life. In this, there are some facts which indicate about
healthcare in Romania (World Health Organization, 2019).
Last rank in Europe: By taking the contrast of Romania, they are last place in the European
health consumer index. As per this, it is also a make understanding that they are underfunded and
inefficient systems which maintain the continuity to fail in order to provide quality care. The
hospitals in Romania are dangerous and they have poorly trained medical staff that they do not
follow any guidelines or any standard operating procedures in order to provide treatment. They
also expose the patient in the insanitary conditions which may create more risk of infection. In

the present scenario, there are some incidents that indicate they have a poor health care staff and
management because in 2018 an antibiotic resistant superbug infection is occur within the 39
babies at the maternal ward due to poor hygiene.
Low salary: Universal health coverage are compiling their practices but the Government of
Romania could not provide the average salaries to their employees of medical staff. In this, there
are number of hospitals staff usually do not receive any salary from the government from longer
period. In this, they also drive the corruptions and medical staff take their own treatment fees for
seeing the patient. The culture of bribery is also creating problem in the hospitals of Romania
and it's altered the quality of health and quality of care for the patient.
Government play role in failure of healthcare system: Romania has announced program of
universal health insurance which maker mandatory payroll taxes. In addition to health insurance,
the government are usually operating a majority of hospitals in the countries which is chronically
unfunded and they require funding for the development of health improvements. As per this,
Romania is usually building new hospital at their end of communism. In this, they also offer the
private insurance which could not create any impact on the improvement of health (Fregonese
and et. al., 2018).
Figure 4 Global health index
Sustainable development goals in health system within country
The implementation of sustainable development goals in Romania has their specific vision
of health within the context of 2030 agenda of sustainable development. Moreover, it is helpful
to achieve health and well-being for the all ages as part of the development and implementation
of the sustainable development goals. In this, the Romania currently revising their national

development strategy and usually play a role by implementing sustainable development goals.
Specifically, it is helpful to formulate a voluntary National review for the session of 2018 of the
United Nations high level political forum on the aspect of sustainable development. Whereas, the
regulating body are usually follow-up and taking the standpoint of agenda that is possible in
2030 on the global level (Ilioni and et. al., 2021).
The sustainable development goals in the health care systems provide an essential
approach to the number of health care professionals and healthcare sectors that act as pillar to
develop a quality of life to the patient. Moreover, it is also analyzed that the goal has a proper in
to reduce the conditions and issue which is associated with the individuals with any chronic
disease. In addition to this, the governments and private organizations also support to sustainable
development goals because it is helpful to acquire a positive impact into the country in Romania.
The health care condition is very poor and the sustainable development goals required potential
staff and health care professionals who show their dedication in order to achieve that particular
purpose objective. As per this, the efforts from the healthcare staff is maximum to improve the
health condition in Romania.
The voluntary National review is helpful to facilitate the sharing of experience and
enhance the implementation of the sustainable development goals with the 2030 agenda. They
also provide strength with the course of policies and participate the stakeholders and partners in
the development and formulation of sustainable development goals. Moreover, the meeting
which usually represent from the institute that include government, department for sustainable
development, ministry of health, environmental and water forest department, National institute of
public health are gathered in order to make their contribution for the development of
sustainability. World health organization also support for the health sector where the participants
are agreeing for the training on sustainable development which enable health professional in
Romania to make a better contribution for the achievement of health and wellbeing which is
related with the all ages. and the World health organization usually confirm their support for the
Romania and make their efforts more valuable towards the sustainable development. They also
committed to organize a technical meeting which is helpful to enhance the awareness and
develop capacity among health professionals on the sustainable development (Gostin and et. al.,
2020).

Figure 5 Sustainable development Goals
Advocacy statement
As per the above analysis of the health condition and system of Romania, they must
implement strategies and intervention to improve their health recognition. Moreover, they
require proper funding and development program for the hospital to formulate a quality of
standards operating procedures which help the patient in order to provide quality of health.
Predominantly, World health organization is also taken part in the health system of Romania to
improve and suggest precautionary behavior for the medical staff and make them efficient to
handle the patient. The proper training to the medical staff is necessary for the formulation of
patient compliance and patient safety.

Figure 6 Sustainable development recommendations
The hospitals of Romania must be equipped with the advanced technology of health
apparatus and equipment, this helps the hospital and patient for the chronic disease or any
epidemic with the help of such medical facilities. In this, the government is also taken part in the
Europe association and raise their issues for their health priorities which must be fulfilled for the
standard living and improvement of life (Harman and et. al., 2018).
In the contrast with the Romania, in order to resolve the global health issues which may be
associated with the communicable, non-communicable and public health issues are usually
prevented with the use of five action which can create a write contribution in the correction of
efforts which make an improvement in the global health. As per this, try to volunteer with the
public health issues and provide maximum support to the number of peoples in order to improve
their quality of life. Provide support to the doctors and number of healthcare professionals by
coordinating and making proper communication with them. Moreover, stay informed and donate
funds and also motivate others to support the local peoples with the food, money and so on. It is
also helpful for the people in order to improve the condition which may be worst.

CONCLUSION
As per the above discussion, it is analyzed that the Romania have a population which must
require the proper health outcomes. In this, there are various disease which can create the
situation of epidemic and the Romania public health issue includes heart disease, HIV/AIDS and
cirrhosis. The evaluation is also indicated that they have a universal health program which
facilitates the health factors within the hospitals. Whereas, the hospitals of Romania have a poor
equipment’s staff and sanitary processes. They require proper funds and training to improve the
quality of life and care towards the patient.

REFERENCES
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Economic Sciences Series, 19(2), pp.80-85.
Ceptureanu and et. al., 2017. Two stage analysis of successful change implementation of
knowledge management strategies in energy companies from
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level of corporate social responsibility awareness. Contemporary Economics, 11(1),
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Fregonese and et. al., 2018. Community involvement in biomedical research conducted in the
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Georgescu, M.C., Furtunescu, F.L., Frumusachi, O., Lopatica, L. and Mincă, D.G., Motivation
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Gostin and et. al., 2020. Has global health law risen to meet the COVID-19 challenge?
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Increasing the quality of health management in Romania through specific consultancy
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