Health Effects of Human Trafficking Among Women in Romania: A Study

This report investigates the health effects of human trafficking on women in Romania, focusing on physical, emotional, and mental health impacts. The study employs a qualitative methodology, utilizing secondary research from books, articles, and journals to analyze the issue. The report examines different types of trafficking, including forced marriage, domestic slavery, and prostitution, and their relationship with women's health. The findings highlight the negative consequences on women's well-being, including eating disorders and potential mortality. The report concludes with recommendations to minimize human trafficking and protect women, contributing to awareness and providing insights for future research. The study aims to create awareness related to human trafficking, particularly among women from Romania, and its effects on their health.

AN EXPLORATION OF
THE HEALTH EFFECT OF
HUMAN TRAFFICKING
AMONG WOMEN FROM
ROMANIA INCLUDING 6
ARTICLES

Abstract
Introduction
The current study creates an awareness related to the issue from which people are
suffering i.e. Human trafficking. The study main purpose is to highlight the the main cause and
impact of human trafficking upon the people and how the life changes. For that Romania is
choose because the women trafficking related crime is especially found in this region. Also,
research main aim is to examine the the relationship between women health and human
trafficking.
Methodology
For the study, researcher chooses qualitative study and with the help of secondary
research (books, articles and journals as a data source) are chosen. Also, under primary data
collection methods, only secondary research is perform that will help to determine the views of
different authors which in turn assist to meet the define aim.
Discussion
Under this section, with the help of define objectives, researcher describe the theme and
determine different types of women trafficking i.e. forced marriage, domestic slavery and
prostitution. Also, with the help of secondary research, scholar also determine the there is a
negative relationship between women health due to human trafficking.
Conclusion and recommendations
The section summarizes that women go through physical, emotional and mental illness
and majority of the impact upon physical health such that due to disorder in eating, most of the
women got affected and may leads to death as well. Section also recommend the ways through
which the issue is minimized and this in turn leads to prevent women from human trafficking as
well.

Acknowledgement
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor for providing me this opportunity to
conduct the research on this. I could not have imagines having a better advisor and mentor for
my study.
Next I would like to thank my teacher and committee who are always ready to provide their
important time for any discussion. Without you, I cannot think I successfully complete the
project in such a good manner.
Also, I would like to thank my parents who support me morally and economically. They also
support me spirituality throughout my life and motivate me to conduct the study.
Thanking you.

Abbreviation:
THB: Trafficking in human being

Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction of the Research..........................................................................................7
1.0 Introduction of the chapters..............................................................................................7
1.1 Background of the problem..............................................................................................8
1.2 Aims and objectives of the research.................................................................................9
1.3 Rationale of the research .................................................................................................9
1.4 Significance of the research...........................................................................................10
1.5 Summary of the chapter.................................................................................................10
Chapter 2: Literature Review.........................................................................................................12
2.0 Introduction of chapter ..................................................................................................12
2.1 Broad literature on the topic ..........................................................................................12
2.2 Theoretical framework...................................................................................................14
2.3 Gaps in Literature...........................................................................................................16
2.4 Summary of the chapter.................................................................................................17
Chapter 3: Research Methodology.................................................................................................18
3.0 Introduction....................................................................................................................18
3.1 Philosophical aspect of research.....................................................................................18
3.2 Data collection Method..................................................................................................18
3.3 Data Sources...................................................................................................................19
3.4 Inclusion and exclusion criteria......................................................................................19
3.5 Data Analysis..................................................................................................................20
3.6 Research Ethics..............................................................................................................20
3.7 Limitation of research....................................................................................................21
3.8 Summary of the chapter.................................................................................................21
Chapter 4: Findings and Discussion..............................................................................................23
4.0 Introduction....................................................................................................................23
4.1 Objective one: concept of human trafficking................................................................23
4.2 Objective two: different types of human trafficking among women ...........................24
4.3 Objective three: relationship between human trafficking and health of women...........26

4.4 Summary........................................................................................................................28
Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendations..............................................................................30
5.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................30
5.2 Conclusion......................................................................................................................30
5.3 Recommendations..........................................................................................................31
5.4 Summary........................................................................................................................32
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................33
Appendix........................................................................................................................................35

Title: An exploration of the health effect of human trafficking among women from Romania
Chapter 1: Introduction of the Research
1.0 Introduction of the chapters
Chapter 1: Introduction, Under this chapter, researcher provide the background of the
study and provide basic information of Human trafficking in Romania. Also, this chapter
provide aim and objectives of a study and provide a reason of choosing this topic with proper
justification. Further, chapter consist of significance of the research in which researcher provide
the importance of a study.
Chapter 2: Literature review, this is a second chapter of the dissertation which is
completely based upon secondary research. Under this chapter, researcher develop themes in
which relevant books, articles and Journals are selected in order to answer the research
questions. In this chapter, researcher also uses theoretical framework which further attain the
define aim and objective of the research.
Chapter 3: Research Methodology, this chapter provide a specific procedure and
technique which is used to determine the information related to topic. Thus, under this chapter,
researcher uses Saunder's research onion framework in which different element of the research
are used which assist to make the research proper and in concise manner. Also, researcher
chooses qualitative study in order to develop outcomes that clearly met the research objectives.
Chapter 4: Results, another important chapter of a study in which researcher perform
thematic data analysis. Under this section, researcher interpret the views of selected respondents
in order to answer the question which directly assist to answer the research questions. Further,
this chapter of a study also reveals how human trafficking creates a direct impact upon the
health of women in Romania.
Chapter 5: Findings, discussion and conclusion, last chapter of dissertation, in which
researcher discussed the things in such a way that helps scholar to accomplish the define aim and
objectives in better manner. Further, in this section, researcher also summarize the entire
dissertation chapter in short form. Also, in this section, researcher also recommend ways on the
basis of results which in turn assist the readers and country to follow the same in order to
minimize the issue up to some level.

1.1 Background of the problem
Human trafficking has a devastating impact on the individual victims, who offer suffer
physical and emotional abuse and may also lead to death as well. Earlier it is determine that
human trafficking is all about focused almost solely on sex trafficking of women and girls, but
actually it is the wide concept, such that low wage labor foster many opportunity for labor
exploitation. Moreover, women are trafficked for various purpose like, domestic work,
agriculture and plantation work etc. These types of abusive work situations are actually viable
for low and middle income countries where low cost labor is in high standards.
In accordance with the above, it is stated that majority of the women trafficking is related
to sexual abuse and this in turn affect the country's image as well. Even the data shows that
authorities open 675 new trafficking cases in 2017 within Romania which is quite lower as
compared to past years. This in turn creates direct impact upon the women health i.e.
emotionally, physically and social- cognitive. On the other hand, as per the reported over the
past five years, Romania is a source and destination country for women which is subjected to
force labor and women for human trafficking. So, Romania is in top 15 at EU level in the term
of citizenship of registered victims of trafficking of human beings and number of prosecution.
Illustration 1: Women trafficking in Romania

Not only this, Romania also rank first in the terms of number of reported person suspected as
well as arrested. And that is why, in 2010-2012 interval, the country is found the most affected
trafficking in human being (THB) (Sion, SCHWARTZ and TOMITA, 2017). Thus, with the
development of technology, refugee crisis and migration, these all determine the new dynamic of
trafficking and this in turn increase THB. Also, in 2009 the majority of trafficking victims was
also identified within a country were victims of forced labor.
Thus, it is analyzed that trafficked women and girls actually encounter high rates of
physical and sexual violence and this further includes homicide and torture. Also, sometimes,
this cause negative impact upon the women health and lead to cause serious mental health
problem such that anxiety and depression. Further it also lead to affect physical symptoms and
this includes neurological issue, gastrointestinal disturbance (Buzatu, 2018). The data from the
secondary study also reveals that females are the most vulnerable to exploitation and this in turn
affect them emotionally ill and social-cognitive behavior. In the same way, current research
report is assist to answer the research question i.e. human trafficking among women from
Romania and its impact upon health (emotionally, physically, mentally and social- cognitive).
1.2 Aims and objectives of the research
Aim: “To investigate the impact of human trafficking upon the health of women: A study on
Romania”
Objectives:
 To determine the concept of human trafficking
 To analyze different types of human trafficking among women
 To examine the relationship between human trafficking and health of women.
 To recommend the ways through which human trafficking is avoided.
Research questions:
 What is the health impact of human trafficking among Romania women?
 What is the psycho-social impact of the women which have been human trafficking in
Romania?
 What is the behavioral impact of the women which have been human trafficking in
Romania?

1.3 Rationale of the research
The rationale for choosing this topic is such that human trafficking is the biggest issue in
the world such that almost more than half of the public is suffering from this issue and this cause
negative impact upon the country's image as well. Also, another reason for conducting the
research is such that it help scholar to enhance the current knowledge and describe the impact of
human trafficking among upon the health. Through this study, researcher also determine
different types of human trafficking in Romanian women and this in turn assist to examine the
ways though which this problem is minimized up to some level. I am also passionate about this
topic because of meeting people in my past that have shared their experience with me and that is
why I feel I could find the gaps in a system that I can fill to minimize the amount of human
being trafficked for such purpose.
On the other side, the reason behind choosing this topic is to create awareness and focus
on this issue which affect the overall image of country in negative manner. Also, study provide a
broad view of different types of human trafficking within Romania, even scholar chooses this
state because it is ranked as 5th position in trafficking of human being. Thus, it is stated that
through the study, scholar wants to create awareness among people of Romania in order to
analyze the ways through which it is minimized.
1.4 Significance of the research
The significance of the study is such that it will help other scholars and society because it
is a huge problem which affect the entire country. So this study provide benefit to society and
provide a way through which the issue is minimized up to some level. On the other hand, it is
also beneficial to the group of people who will be used this work in their research. So, it is
evaluated that the study also beneficial to government because it suggested the ways through
which the issue is minimize. That is why it can be stated that the current study contribute its best
for the development of society and provide new insight to society with regards to women
trafficking and its impact upon the health of women.
In recent years, the visibility of migrant women has increases and that is why, it is
increase the number of problem within human trafficking. This also lead to increase the human
trafficking at global level which is further characterized by the economic exploitation through
force, fraud and coercion. It is not only about women, but men an children are also victims as
well. So, the significance of the study is such that it will help the readers to understand different

types of women trafficking held in Romania and this in turn affect the entire system of the
country in negative manner.
1.5 Summary of the chapter
Through the chapter it is summarizes that women and children from Romania are victims
of forced prostitution in Italy, Spain and Netherlands and that is why, it is ranked under 5th
position. Also, this section summarizes the aim of a study in which the study is completely based
upon. Apart from this, the rationale for conducting the research is such that researcher have their
own interest to study on this topic so that it will help the researcher to enhance the current
knowledge and examine how this problem creates a direct impact upon women health.
On the other hand, the section also summarizes the significance of the study in which it is
identified that with an increasing human trafficking, the image of country is affected and also, it
leads to decrease the social development of people as well. That is why, there is a need to take
correct action by the government of Romania which help to cope up the issue and start
preventing the health of women from this human trafficking issue.

Chapter 2: Literature Review
2.0 Introduction of chapter
The literature review is an activity with which the researcher try to research and analyse
different secondary sources relating to the research topic. These secondary sources include the
review of different types of books, journals, articles and other published data and sources. The
current literature will outline the concept of human trafficking along with the different types of
human trafficking which can take place among women. Also, this literature will review the
relation among the trafficking oh human and health of the women. In the end the literature will
try to suggest some ways in which human trafficking can be removed or eradicated. The
literature review will assist the researcher in getting a deeper and broad understanding relating to
the topic of human trafficking and related aspects.
2.1 Broad literature on the topic
Theme 1: Concept of human trafficking.
As per the views of Jong (2019) trafficking of human is referred to as an action through
which the people are illegally transporting the person from one country to another or from one
area to another. The major purpose behind the trafficking of people are either forced labour or
the sexual exploitation of women or slavery. This can also be referred to as the modern day
slavery and this also include the different type of fraud, or labour, or even coercion. For the
purpose of human trafficking the traffickers can use many different measures like, threatening,
violence, enforcement of some law in wrong manner and many other manipulating activities.
In the words of Murray and Smith (2019) the human trafficking is a crime which exploits
the men, women and children and many other different types of people in many different ways.
The human trafficking is at increase and also this is very dangerous for the people and the
society and its development. Under this the people try to influence other people that they will get
much better opportunities if they will go to other country and then when they agree then they use
these people for wrongful purpose. These purposes can be of many different types like labour,
sexual exploitation, selling the person, forcing them to commit crime, forceful marriage,
begging, domestic servitude and may other different purposes.
In the words of Yakushko and Rajan (2017) the health impact of human trafficking among the
women in Romania is very negative. This is majorly because of the reason that when the women
are trafficked then this affects the health of them both in physical and mental way. Thus, this is