Understanding Router's Working Principle under RIP and OSPF Protocols

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the working principles of routers under the Routing Information Protocol (RIP) and Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocols. It covers the configuration of both protocols, including enabling and restarting RIP, configuring OSPF parameters, and establishing virtual links. The report explores the working principles of routers under each protocol, detailing how RIP exchanges network topology information and how OSPF detects and adapts to network changes to find new paths. Key components such as Router IDs, hop counts, delay and bandwidth are explained, along with fine-tuning cost calculations and authentication methods. The report also mentions the required equipment, including Ethernet, stub/click routers, and secure routers, along with defense methods to secure the system against interference and unauthorized access. The conclusion highlights the differences between the two protocols: RIP tracks specific destinations while OSPF tracks topological databases in a local network.

Running head: ROUTER’S WORKING PRINCIPLE UNDER RIP AND OSPF
PROTOCOLS
Router’s Working Principle Under RIP and OSPF Protocols
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

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ROUTER’S WORKING PRINCIPLE UNDER RIP AND OSPF PROTOCOLS
Introduction
Data packets travel through a number of networks on the way of meeting their
destination. Each of the network contains a price tag (metric). The routing is advanced by
following the routing protocols, the information and communication distribution method in
the routers for the opting of routes in between of two different nodes of a network system of a
computer. The main objective of the routing protocols is to give the intermediate devices the
required information to send to the packet appropriately. All the protocols for the routing are
defined on the basis of an algorithm. There are mainly two algorithm Bellman-Ford
algorithm1 and Dijsktra algorithm 2.
Discussion
Objective
The main objective of the study is to meet the following requirements using the study:
 Configuration of RIP: This part will describe the process of enabling and
restart of the RIP process on the machine. The RIP can be enabled only using
the RIP routing process on the ASA 3.
 Configuration of OSPF: To configure the OSPF, the OSPF is to be enabled,
the configuration of the OSPF various parameters are to be done,
establishment of the virtual link is done and restriction for the OSPF is set 4.
 The working principle of router under RIP protocol: The RIP is a type of
protocol that utilizes the routers to exchange network topology information. It
is set as an interior gateway protocol, and is typically utilized in the small and
medium sized network.
 The working principle of router under OSPF protocol: The OSPF routing
protocol is used by the router to learn the changing of a routing table and

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ROUTER’S WORKING PRINCIPLE UNDER RIP AND OSPF PROTOCOLS
detects the change noted in the network. When there is change in the network
the OSPF router find a new path between the endpoints with no loops.
Part of the Project:
The main parts of this study is mentioned as follow:
 Router Id: Each router has a unique router id. The router id is utilized to give a
unique identity to the router. The OSPF Router Id is IPv4 address a 32 bit binary
number that is assigned to each and every router operating in the OSPF protocol.
 Hop Count: The hop count is referred as the number of intermediate devices from
which the data is passed between the source and the destination. The data packet are
transferred through the router, bridges and the gateway as the data travel from the
source to destination.
 Delay and Bandwidth: The delay is measured as the time taken by the router to
forward and process a packet. The bandwidth is referred as the number of bits which
are transferred through the channel in per second.
 Fine Tuning Cost Calculation: The fine tuning is referred to as the small changes
made in the process for the improvement and optimization of an outcome.
 Authentication: The action or process of showing or proving that something is
genuine, valid or true.
 ABR and ASBR: ABR stands for Area Border Router and used for interconnecting
more than two areas. ASRBs stands for Autonomous System Boundary Router and is
utilized for the connecting the additional routing domain and is located in the
backbone of the system.
Required Equipment
The equipment that are required are as follow:

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ROUTER’S WORKING PRINCIPLE UNDER RIP AND OSPF PROTOCOLS
 Ethernet: It is the most common technology used for the implementation of the
WLAN.
 Stub/Click Routers and WAN Routers: A stub router is referred to as a router that
is connect to a network distribution or core layer over which the transit traffic cannot
flow.
 ProCurve Secure Router: It provides affordable and scalable platform for SMB and
large enterprises are connected to the branch offices to the headquarters.
Defence Methods
The method applied for the defence method of the system are stated as followed:
 The system is prevented against the interface from sending the updates.
 There are alterations made in the RIP intervals.
 The OSPF is configured for the authentication.
 The OSPF and the RIP is troubleshoot.
Conclusion
The report can be concluded by stating that the project is studied for the evaluation of
the major aspects needed for developing the knowledge with respect to the working
principles of the router under the RIP and the OSPF network protocol. The main difference
between the two routers is that, the specific destination of is tracked by the RIP, whereas the
databases of the topological which is connected in the local network is tracked down by the
OSPF.

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ROUTER’S WORKING PRINCIPLE UNDER RIP AND OSPF PROTOCOLS
References
[1] Malkin G. RIP version 2-carrying additional information. 1994.
[2] Li AJ, Cole BA, inventors; Cisco Systems Inc, assignee. Standby router protocol. United
States patent US 5,473,599. 1995 Dec 5.
[3] Murphy SL, Badger MR. Digital signature protection of the OSPF routing protocol.
InProceedings of Internet Society Symposium on Network and Distributed Systems Security
1996 Feb 22 (pp. 93-102). IEEE.
[4] Wang L, Hoque AK, Yi C, Alyyan A, Zhang B. OSPFN: An OSPF based routing protocol
for named data networking. Technical Report NDN-0003; 2012 Jul 25.