Analyzing the Effects of 30-Minute Running on CHD Risk in Men

This research report investigates the impact of 30 minutes of daily running on the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in men over 45. It begins with an introduction and literature review, exploring the causes of CHD, the benefits of exercise, and existing research on the topic. The report outlines the research design, utilizing a mixed-methods approach with both quantitative (questionnaires) and qualitative (interviews) data collection methods. The investigation plan details the sampling strategy (systematic random sampling of men aged 45-80), data collection methods (questionnaires and semi-structured interviews), and data analysis techniques (SPSS for quantitative data and thematic analysis for qualitative data). Anticipated outcomes include demonstrating the benefits of running for heart health and informing healthcare professionals. The report addresses ethical concerns, such as obtaining prior approval and maintaining confidentiality. Potential risks, including loss of follow-up and incomplete data, are also acknowledged. The proposed method of dissemination includes publication in medical journals, research websites, and presentations at conferences. A detailed timetable with milestones is provided, along with a comprehensive list of references.

Does running for 30 mins a day
reduce the risk of coronary heart disease
in men over 45 years old?

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW.......................................................................1
Introduction..................................................................................................................................1
Literature review..........................................................................................................................1
Aim, objectives and research questions.......................................................................................2
Rationale of the research.............................................................................................................2
OUTLINE AND JUSTIFICATION OF THE RESEARCH DESIGN............................................3
Research design...........................................................................................................................3
INVESTIGATION PLAN...............................................................................................................3
Sampling......................................................................................................................................3
Method of data collection............................................................................................................3
Data analysis methods.................................................................................................................4
ANTICIPATED OUTCOMES AND POTENTIAL BENEFICIEARIES TO THE RESEARCH. 4
ETHICAL CONCERNS..................................................................................................................4
POTENTIAL RISKS.......................................................................................................................4
PROPOSED METHOD OF DISSEMINATION............................................................................5
TIMETABLE WITH MILESTONES OF THE PROJECT.............................................................5
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7

INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW
Introduction
Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is also known as Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD). It refers to
a disease where a depository substance of is deposited in the coronary arteries of the heart. The
substance deposited is called as plague (Gaggini and et.al., 2013). The damage in the inner layer
of this artery is due to smoking, high blood pressure, inflammation in blood vessels, high level of
sugar in the blood due to diabetes, etc. It has been assessed that 37% of the deaths in people are
due to decreased physical activities. Intake of improper diet and lack physical exercise can also
result in CHD. Indulgence in physical exercise and having proper intake of nutrients in diet helps
in improving the health conditions of an individual (Kavousi and et.al., 2012). Health experts at
National health service guidelines recommends that it is important for the human body to
exercise for 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week. It can help in reduction in the incidence
of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD). The aim of the present research is to analyse the benefit of 30
minutes of running a day in reducing the risk of coronary heart disease. It will help in focussing
on various research strategies that can help in attaining the research aim in a well-defined
manner (Rognmo and et.al., 2012).
Literature review
According to Garner and Scott (2013), the main cause of CHD is obesity. Moreover, it also
contributes in worsening the factors of CHD in men and women both. The incidence of type 2
diabetes and blood pressure is higher if the person is overweight. Excess fat around the waist and
elevated amount of insulin increases the risk of coronary artery disease. In contrast to this, as per
the views of Gay, Mills and Airasian (2011), a person who is involved in continuous exercise
and other physical activity can reduce the incidence of CHD among people.
According to Kriz, Gummesson and Quazi (2013), obesity is the cause of various
cardiovascular disease inclusive of elevated risk of diabetes mellitus and hypertension. It also
leads to CHD and heart failure. The severity in the patients slows down with decrease inn
weight. Moreover, age also plays an important role in the same. Men are considered to be at
higher risk in comparison to women. However, the risk in women also become effective after
menopause. In contrast to this, as per the views of Taylor, Smith and Bullmore (2013), adoption
of healthier lifestyle also plays an important role in reduction of the incidence of Coronary Heart
Disease. It includes, eating a prudent diet, regular exercise or any other physical activity such as
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sports and yoga, weight management, etc. can substantially reduce its incidence. It can also be
reduced by improving lipids, controlling blood pressure and reducing other risk factors can help
in reduction of its impact and intensity.
Aim, objectives and research questions
Aim: The aim of the study is
“To analyse the benefit of 30 minutes of running a day in reducing the risk of coronary heart
disease.
Objectives: Based on the aim of the study, following research objectives can be formulated:
● To identify changes in results of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes which
could be precursors of CHD.
● To identify two separate groups, for the one who run or exercise daily and the other who
are not involved in any kind of physical activity (Male, 45 year olds and above that run
30 minutes a day and Male, 45year old and above who do not run or exercise whatsoever)
● To identify if there are any health benefits associated to 30 minutes running among CHD
patients.
Research questions: Based on the research objectives, the research questions are:
 What are the changes in results of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes which
could be precursors of CHD?
 What are the two separate groups for the study?
● What are the health benefits associated to 30 minutes running among CHD patients?
Rationale of the research
It is important for the research to hold some relevance and serve to some specific purpose.
The present research on CHD can help the patient suffering from border line CHD to bring their
situation under control. Further, the research will also prove to be helpful in ascertaining the
importance of exercise or any other physical activity such as running in preventing the symptoms
of CHD (Trickey, 2013). Moreover, the research will be helpful in giving adequate knowledge of
CHD to the researcher who are conducting their research on similar topic. The present study will
also help the medical students and health care professional to gather some information and
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knowledge regarding CHD. Since, the researcher does not possess adequate knowledge
regarding the stated topic, it will help in concreting the current knowledge base regarding CHD.
OUTLINE AND JUSTIFICATION OF THE RESEARCH DESIGN
Research design
The research design is an important aspect of any research as it helps in ascertaining the
overall strategy for the study so that the research can be presented in most coherent and logical
manner. It helps in framing the blueprint for the research in the form of collection, measuring
and analysis of data. In the present research mixed method of research where more than one
method of research design is used in order to collect, analyse and integrate data. Hence, for the
present research, qualitative and quantitative, both methods will be used to conduct the study on
CHD and important of 30 minutes running in it.
Quantitative data collection will be in the form of questionnaire and qualitative data
collection will be in the form of interview in order to serve the purpose of research (Dawber,
Moore and Mann, 2015).
INVESTIGATION PLAN
Sampling
Sampling is a subset of population whose helps in generalizing the results on whole of the
population. The sample for collection of data will consist of 45 – 80 years old male which will be
selected through systematic random sampling method. One group will be the one who ran for 30
minutes in a day and other group will consist of those who does not. The sample size decided for
the same is 500 which can then be separated into two group after the collection of data.
Method of data collection
Quantitative data will be collected with the help of questionnaire. The questions will help
in collecting the data regarding how many minutes the person spend the time in running? What is
the speed of running? How many kilometres are averagely covered by you in a minute? Etc.
Questions regarding their weight and change in lifestyle will also be asked to collect relevant
amount of data. Answer to the questions will be collected on half yearly basis over a total course
of 10 years. It shows that data will be collected 20 times in this duration.
In case of qualitative data, interview formal will be used to collect information from the
individuals. It will be a semi structured format. The common question in this format will include
data regarding if they have undergone any surgical treatment for CHD? Moreover, data regarding
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diabetes and blood pressure level will also be collected from the respondents (Greenwood and
et.al., 2012).
Data analysis methods
Data analysis is considered to be the most important aspect of any research. In order to
analyse quantitative data, Statistical package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) will be used. It helps
in separating the cases in the most effective manner. Values derived from the questionnaire will
be inserted in SPSS and two sets will be framed. These are, the one who ran over 30 minutes a
day and other set will be of the one who did not run for 30 minutes.
In case of collected qualitative data, thematic analysis technique will be utilised.
ANTICIPATED OUTCOMES AND POTENTIAL BENEFICIEARIES TO
THE RESEARCH
There is a greater degree of requirement of the research. The study will prove to be helpful
in ascertaining the requirement of running for a healthy human body. Further, CHD is considered
to be a prevailing disease which require adequate amount of research (Anderson and et.al.,
2016). The study will be helpful in delivering the same to the researcher. The investigation will
help in delivering the data that how healthy the heart of patient is who is involved in continuous
running of 30 minutes per day. The assessment of actors that can help in overcoming the
condition of CHD will also be discussed in the research making it more fruitful for people.
ETHICAL CONCERNS
Ethical considerations play an important role in conducting the research with utmost honesty
and integrity. Some of the ethical concerns that will be taken into consideration in conducting the
present research are as follows:
 Prior approval: Since the data collection process of this research is large, it is important
for the scholar to take prior permission from respondents to get the data. Further, the
data must not be taken with any undue influence or coercive activities (Interleukin-6
Receptor Mendelian Randomisation Analysis Consortium, 2012).
 Confidentiality: maintaining confidentiality of the data is another important aspect when
data is collected regarding medical information from the respondents. All the appropriate
measures will be adopted to ensure confidentiality of the subject matter.
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POTENTIAL RISKS
Some of the common risks involved in execution of the set standards and tasks are as
follow:
 Loss of follow up: inability to follow up from the person who was chosen as a
respondent for the research can act a limitation for the scholar.
 Inadequate collection of information: There are higher chances that the respondents do
not reveal actual data regarding their weight and lifestyle being followed by them
(Ramsden and et.al., 2013).
PROPOSED METHOD OF DISSEMINATION
The study conducted by the researcher can be published in different medico journals so that
information can be gathered by different health professionals, medical research scholars etc.
Results can be shared on various research websites as well in the form of presentation and report
both. Further, the data can also be sent through presentation in national and international medical
conferences.
TIMETABLE WITH MILESTONES OF THE PROJECT
Activity/Week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1
0
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
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To search for appropriate method of
research
To formulate the aim and objectives
of the research study
Preparation of literature review
Formulating methodology for
research
Conduction of survey
Preparation of questionnaire
Collection of data
Analysis and interpretation of
collected data
To analyse anticipated outcome
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and best possible solution
To formulate conclusion and
recommendation
Submission of the draft
6

REFERENCES
Books and journals
Anderson, L. and et.al., 2016. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for coronary heart disease:
Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American College of
Cardiology. 67(1). pp.1-12.
Dawber, T. R., Moore, F. E. and Mann, G. V., 2015. II. Coronary Heart Disease in the
Framingham Study. International journal of epidemiology. 44(6). pp.1767-1780.
Gaggini, M. and et.al., 2013. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its connection with
insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis and coronary heart
disease. Nutrients. 5(5). pp.1544-1560.
Garner, R. and Scott, G. M., 2013. Doing qualitative research: designs, methods, and
techniques. Pearson Education.
Gay, L. R., Mills, G. E. and Airasian, P. W., 2011. Educational research: Competencies for
analysis and applications. Pearson Higher Ed.
Greenwood, J. P. and et.al., 2012. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance and single-photon emission
computed tomography for diagnosis of coronary heart disease (CE-MARC): a prospective
trial. The Lancet. 379(9814). pp.453-460.
Interleukin-6 Receptor Mendelian Randomisation Analysis (IL6R MR) Consortium, 2012. The
interleukin-6 receptor as a target for prevention of coronary heart disease: a mendelian
randomisation analysis. The Lancet. 379(9822). pp.1214-1224.
Kavousi, M. and et.al., 2012. Evaluation of Newer Risk Markers for Coronary Heart Disease Risk
ClassificationA Cohort Study. Annals of internal medicine, 156(6), pp.438-444.
Kriz, A., Gummesson, E. and Quazi, A., 2013. Methodology meets culture: Relational and
Guanxi-oriented research in China. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management.
Ramsden, C. E. and et.al., 2013. Use of dietary linoleic acid for secondary prevention of coronary
heart disease and death: evaluation of recovered data from the Sydney Diet Heart Study
and updated meta-analysis. Bmj. 346. p.e8707.
Rognmo, Ø. And et.al., 2012. Cardiovascular risk of high-versus moderate-intensity aerobic
exercise in coronary heart disease patients. Circulation, pp.CIRCULATIONAHA-112.
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