Rural Road Development Project: A Sustainability Focus

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Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................4
LO1 Formulate a project that will provide a solution to an identified problem..............................5
P1 Select an appropriate construction-based project, giving reasons for your choice................5
P2 Identify the main components of a project specification........................................................6
M1 Explain why the project specification is of fundamental importance to a successful project
outcome........................................................................................................................................7
LO2 Manage a project within agreed timescales and specification, documenting the process
throughout........................................................................................................................................8
P3 Identify potential resources, costs and timescales..................................................................8
P4 Describe a range of appropriate techniques for generating realistic potential solutions......10
M2 Prepare and update a project management plan, using standard systems of time and
resource tracking........................................................................................................................11
LO3 Evaluate potential project management solutions.................................................................13
P5 Explore project management strategies to determine suitability for a given project...........13
P6 Justify the selection of your preferred solution, making reference to your initial project
specification...............................................................................................................................14
M3 Compare the outcomes of your initial planned resources, timescales and costs against
actual outcomes.........................................................................................................................15
LO4 Produce a project report and deliver a presentation of the final project outcomes...............16
P7 Produce a written report identifying each stage of the project.............................................16
P9 Prepare a presentation of your final project outcomes, utilizing industry standard software
...................................................................................................................................................18
Performance Review......................................................................................................................24
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................25
References......................................................................................................................................26

Figure 1: Gantt chart......................................................................................................................12
Figure 2: Logbook.........................................................................................................................16
Figure 3: Slide1..............................................................................................................................18
Figure 4:Slide 2..............................................................................................................................19
Figure 5: Slide 3.............................................................................................................................19
Figure 6: Slide 4.............................................................................................................................20
Figure 7: Slide 5.............................................................................................................................20
Figure 8: Slide 6.............................................................................................................................21
Figure 9: Slide 7.............................................................................................................................21
Figure 10:Slide 8............................................................................................................................22
Figure 11: Slide 9...........................................................................................................................22
Figure 12: Slide 10.........................................................................................................................23
Figure 13: Slide 11.........................................................................................................................23

Introduction
The report aims at finding and identifying the solutions of various civil engineering problems.
The report is based on the theme “Sustainability in the construction industry”. This assignment is
divided into four main sections. Section first describes selecting a project which gives about the
identification of project, feasibility study, tells about the specification and scope and helps to
identify the main component of the project. Section second describes the project management
plan and provides with the specifications and processes which are involved in the project.
Section three discusses the solutions and evaluates the progress with. Section four shows help to
deliver the project with the help of the presentation. The report is based on finding solutions
which concern the solutions towards sustainable development. It helps to find different
management strategies to determine sustainability. The main highlight of the report is the
scheduling of the project, project logbook, Gantt chart and performance review.

LO1 Formulate a project that will provide a solution to an identified problem
P1 Select an appropriate construction-based project, giving reasons for your
choice
The construction project selected for managing the project such that it provides new solutions to
achieve sustainability is Rural Road Development. Sustainability development is the approach
based on three foundations i.e. economic, social and environment. To achieve sustainability
integrating these three dimensions will only result in desirable outcomes.
With the advanced technology and inventions happening to satisfy and make work easy for
human in a competitive world, development is occurring at the greater phase without the concern
of safeguarding nature and resources. To manage changes occurring the concept of sustainable
development is introduced. Major threat faced by the rural area is the consequences of
urbanization. Development of road form the basis in the growth of the economy of any country.
The rural road will not only increase the network and (Khatib, 2016) connectivity with the major
cities but will also help to enhance the activities of transport, networking, reducing
vulnerabilities, improving the safety and security, electricity, communication, trade, increasing
health facilities, employment, more agricultural production and decreasing the poverty. No
doubt, roads have been created but with the traditional methodology without the concern of holy
nature, environment, economics and resources as well as society which has created major
problems in the past. Hence it can be said that development of road is very necessary for the
growth of the country, but this report aims at developing the construction with the approaches of
sustainability i.e. reliable, safe and affordable after seeing the adverse effect without it.
As per the Mulmi, 2009 the development of road forms the basis of the economy and help to
decrease the poverty and increase the measure to protect the environment. The solution provided
by the author is that of Green Road Approach, which is based on decentralization techniques,
using local resources, environment-friendly methodologies, the participation of the local
member. The author also describes various problems which are faced during the construction of
roads in Nepal and then provide with the sustainable approaches of development. The author also

justifies the selection of green approach by providing numerous benefits it will offer for the
betterment of the society, environment and nature.
P2 Identify the main components of a project specification.
The project specification is the documentation which will include the goal, objective,
construction, work needs to accomplish, materials and (Zavadskas, et.al, 2018) resources
required, cost and budget planning. The specification is generally done during the designing
phase to fulfil the project requirement. The major component of the project specification is
described below:
 Project Goal - this includes defining the project objectives and introducing the project.
 Scope of the project and feasibility – Scope of the project must include that the project
must be specific, measurable, achievable, time-bound and relevant. It also helps to
calculate the feasibility of the project.
 Identifying stakeholder – It is identifying the people interested in the project.
 Communication – It is the key component as it requires that every team member should
be informed about the details of the project. A good communication plan increases the
success rate of the project (Rozenes, 2011).
 Management plan – It includes the plan of the entire project, deciding dependencies and
planning tasks and deliverable.
 Cost and budget - To put any project into the function, it need cost and hence this phase
help to identify the initial cost required and help to plan the budget accordingly.
 Responsibilities and role – It helps in deciding the responsibilities of the task to the
people, it includes assigning work to the team members
 Product and deliverable – It helps to identify the outcome of the project, services and
the final product which will be accomplished at the end of the project.
 Work Breakdown Structure – It can simply be said as the different task and activities
of the project.
 Scheduling – It helps to decide the schedule of the (Joslin and Müller, 2016) task
describing which activities will be performed after the activities.

 Quality and risk identifying – To maintain the quality standards and policies of the
project this step is carried out. For the successful completion of the project. It is required
to identify various risk and challenges of the project.
 Timeline – It helps to decide the duration of the whole project with the duration of
individual tasks described in the work breakdown structure.
It is very important to include specification during the project as it helps to provide clear
directions and instructions of the project. It also helps to maintain the quality of the work.
Specification help to identify the cost and budget of the project. It helps to estimate the total
duration of the time and help the project to work efficiently and effectively. It helps to design
and schedule the project and helps to track and manage the progress of the project.
M1 Explain why the project specification is of fundamental importance to a
successful project outcome
For any project to progress, it is very necessary to identify the specification of the project. The
specification helps to identify the goal of the project and help to estimate the outcome need to
accomplish the project. The points are already been discussed in section P2.

LO2 Manage a project within agreed timescales and specification,
documenting the process throughout
P3 Identify potential resources, costs and timescales
Potential Resources
As the development of the rural roads is based on the concept of sustainable development so the
sustainable resources will be used for the construction for example: in the place of cement
concrete can be used. Recycled material should be taken into use. Resources include both
humans as well as machinery. Resources are planned according to the project undertaken.
Resources help to decide the cost of the whole project. The potential resources required for the
construction are trucks, dozers, water tankers, labour, workers, paint, JCB, loader, streetlight,
concrete mixer, steel, machinery, engineer, equipment’s, paint, Roller, Power Supply, different
material used for the base of the road. Lime stabilization is the sustainable solution used for
filing the road. Waste material can be used in the place of aggregates.
Cost
The cost and the budget of the whole project are decided as more than 600 million as it is a large
scale project. The construction may lead to slight variation in the cost when the project progress.
Different resources have a different cost. Initial planning of cost helps to establish and identify
the sponsor stakeholder so that the project does not get delayed due to lack of fund. Resources
will differ in quantity and hence cost will come according to it. Resources are the most important
part of the construction
TimeLine
Timeline is deciding the total duration for the completion of the project. As Rural Road
development is the large project it will require more than 410 days to get completed. A timeline
helps to give details of the activities in how much time it will get completed and when will

activities will be started and its finish date. It also helps to identify if the project is going to delay
or will be completed before time or on time. Defining the timeline is very important as it helps to
complete the project on time.

P4 Describe a range of appropriate techniques for generating realistic
potential solutions.
The different techniques which can be used for generating solutions are
Work Breakdown Structure – It is the technique in managing the project in which the whole
project is divided into a hierarchical composition of the work. The entire project is divided into
smaller components. WBS is like a tree structure in which different phases, (Damians, et.al,
2016) products and deliverables are identified and defined. It helps to make the entire project
manageable and easy. WBS provides a technique to organize work and provide the framework of
the structure.
Activity Diagram (PERT and CPM) – PERT helps to give three estimations of time i.e.
pessimistic, optimistic and expected but it does not evaluate the cost. It helps to distinguish
between the activities and the events. CPM stands for (Alamgir, et.al, 2017) critical path method
which is used to identify the cost and duration of each activity defined in the project.
Scheduling with the help of Gantt Chart – Gantt chart is the type of bar graph which is
generally used for the scheduling of the activities described in the project. The major features of
the Gantt chart are it gives the start and finish date of the task, it helps to identify project
milestones, find dependencies within the task and help to identify the person assigned to
activities. In simple words, it is the plan decided over the course of time.
Project Management plan – It is the process in which every process of the project is defined.
The management plan includes the step which needs to be followed during the project. It helps to
deliver the outcome with the proper planning and budget. It helps to achieve the desired
outcomes and help to give a proper timeline. It helps to (Sharma and Iyer 2012) identify the
structure and schedule the process by deciding the sequence of the activities. Project
Management plan basically has five main stages which are: Initiation, Planning, Implementation,
Maintenance and controlling and closure of the project.

M2 Prepare and update a project management plan, using standard systems of
time and resource tracking.
The project management plan helps to plan, execute and implement the project according to the
plan decided. The project management plan which is discussed above for the project rural road
development is according to the standard system of time and resource tracking and it also
follows the approaches of sustainable development. The project management plan is described
below with the help of the Gantt Chart.

ID Task
Mode
Task Name Duration Start Finish Predecessors
0 Rural Road
Development
410 days Tue
23-07-19
Mon
15-02-21
1 1 Selection of the
project
25 days Tue
23-07-19
Mon
26-08-19
2 1.1 Research of the topic10 days Tue 23-07-19Mon 05-08-19
3 1.2 Identifying
the problems
10 days Tue
06-08-19
Mon
19-08-19
2
4 1.3
sustainability
approach
5 days Tue
20-08-19
Mon
26-08-19
3
5 1.4 milestone 0 days Mon 26-08-19Mon 26-08-194
6 2 Project Initiation50 days Tue 27-08-19Mon 04-11-19
7 2.1 Project goal 10 days Tue 27-08-19Mon 09-09-195
8 2.2 scope of project10 days Tue 10-09-19Mon 23-09-197
9 2.3 Identifying
stakeholder
10 days Tue
24-09-19
Mon
07-10-19
8
10 2.4 Listing of
requirement
and resources
20 days Tue
08-10-19
Mon
04-11-19
9
11 2.5 milestone 0 days Mon 04-11-19Mon 04-11-1910
12 3 Analsyis of feasibility55 days Tue 05-11-19Mon 20-01-20
13 3.1 Evaluating the project15 days Tue 05-11-19Mon 25-11-1911
14 3.2 approval
from
stakeholders
20 days Tue
26-11-19
Mon
23-12-19
13
15 3.3 Estimating
cost and
timeline
10 days Tue
24-12-19
Mon
06-01-20
14
16 3.4 procrement
and
construction
scheduling
10 days Tue
07-01-20
Mon
20-01-20
15
17 3.5 milestone 0 days Mon 20-01-20Mon 20-01-2016
18 4 design 30 days Tue 21-01-20Mon 02-03-20
19 4.1 Designing of layout20 days Tue 21-01-20Mon 17-02-2017
20 4.2 evaluation of design10 days Tue 18-02-20Mon 02-03-2019
21 4.3 milestone 0 days Mon 02-03-20Mon 02-03-2020
22 5
Pre-construction
activities
65 days Tue
03-03-20
Mon
01-06-20
23 5.1 Cleaning of
site and land
20 days Tue
03-03-20
Mon
30-03-20
21
24 5.2 tender and
contract phase
10 days Tue
31-03-20
Mon
13-04-20
23
25 5.3 Hiring of
engineers and
other labour
20 days Tue
14-04-20
Mon
11-05-20
24
26 5.4 Resource gathering15 days Tue 12-05-20Mon 01-06-2025
27 5.5 milestone 0 days Mon 01-06-20Mon 01-06-2026
28 6 Construction
activities
165 days Tue
02-06-20
Mon
18-01-21
29 6.1 Earthwork 20 days Tue 02-06-20Mon 29-06-2027
30 6.2 Excavation 20 days Tue 30-06-20Mon 27-07-2029
31 6.3 Base 20 days Tue 28-07-20Mon 24-08-2030
32 6.4 Levelling 20 days Tue 25-08-20Mon 21-09-2031
33 6.5 pavement 30 days Tue 22-09-20Mon 02-11-2032
34 6.6 Surfacing Placement35 days Tue 03-11-20Mon 21-12-2033
35 6.7 Coating 20 days Tue 22-12-20Mon 18-01-2134
36 6.8 milestone 0 days Mon 18-01-21Mon 18-01-2135
37 7 Project Closre 20 days Tue 19-01-21Mon 15-02-21
38 7.1 Evaluation
of construction
site
10 days Tue
19-01-21
Mon
01-02-21
36
39 7.2 closing of project10 days Tue 02-02-21Mon 15-02-2138
40 7.3 milestone 0 days Mon 15-02-21Mon 15-02-2139
26-08
04-11
20-01
02-03
01-06
18-01
15-02
J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M
Half 2, 2019 Half 1, 2020 Half 2, 2020 Half 1, 2021
Figure 1: Gantt chart