Organizational Behaviour at Ryanair: Culture, Power, and Teams

This report provides an in-depth analysis of Ryanair's organizational behavior, examining the impact of different cultures, power dynamics, and political behaviors on individual, team, and overall organizational performance. It explores models like Handy's typology and French and Raven's bases of power to understand how culture influences employee behavior and efficiency. The report further delves into motivational theories, including Maslow's hierarchy of needs, to assess how Ryanair addresses employee needs through its wage strategies, outsourcing practices, and incentive programs. It also investigates team development theories, highlighting their application within Ryanair and the path-goal theory for individual team development, offering insights into the airline's strategies for enhancing employee engagement, productivity, and overall success. The report concludes with a discussion of the challenges and opportunities facing Ryanair in optimizing its organizational behavior for improved performance and employee satisfaction.

ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
ACTIVITY 1....................................................................................................................................3
Impact of Different Cultures on Ryanair...........................................................................3
ACTIVITY 2...................................................................................................................................7
ACTIVITY 3....................................................................................................................................9
a) Team Development Theories of Ryanair....................................................................9
b) Path Goal Theory for Individual Team Development..............................................13
CONCLUSION.............................................................................................................................15
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................1

INTRODUCTION
Organizational behavior is a evaluation of the employees' behavior to analyze the
market forces increasing the productivity of the organization. This is a technique in
which the employees' behavior is analyzed to benefit the organization as a relationship
between them. It is a strategy in which the management analyze the impact of
customers and employees on the profitability and sales of the organization. This
behavior can be used to enhance the potential of the employees to make them more
efficient with the help of some tools and strategies as every human being has its
personal goals and organization behavior evaluate it on social, cultural aspects of the
organization. This report is a brief study about Ryanair , Ryanair is an airline
organization which was established in 1985 In Dublin. The company has focused more
on developing is human resource by analyzing the needs of human behavior as there
are many negative opinions from the passengers about the poor services and the
company is also moving forward in the direction to resolve the situation and arise as a
safe flight with maximum satisfaction. As the company has shown its potential in UK as
it has the largest capacity aircraft and which gave the company a vision and mission to
improve in this direction. Report will highlight the impact of culture, power, politics on
individual, team and performance. It will also lay emphasis on the content and process
theory of motivation. Study will also show various theories of team development to
make effective and ineffective team
ACTIVITY 1
Impact of Different Cultures on Ryanair
Organizational culture is the activities and the strategies which the organization
use with the help of their employees and every organization has different cultures which
give the organization a different advantage. The behavior of the employees decide the
work culture as the employees of the organization. There are different models and
theories which Ryanair have analyzed to adopt it in the organization to increase the
efficiency of the organization and prove the negative opinions of the public wrong by
showing them the potential.
Handy's typology model

This model analyze its work culture on the basis of the workforce of the
organization and it also analyzes the efficiency of the employees .
Role culture
Ryanair has experimented this culture in which the employees are more
concerned on task and they do not focus on any other aspects of the management. The
Role culture has an impact that employees are more focused on their status more than
their task efficiency will make this organization more inefficient in performing all the task
as the employees are more rigid and do not delegate their work to their subordinates as
they feel they are more superior and can do the task easily. This can help organization
in improving overall performance of individual.
Power culture
This type or culture in an organization is very beneficiary as the employees in this
kind of culture are more cooperative to their colleagues. This culture is not appropriate
for the Ryanair as this culture does not delegate their responsibilities and but the
employees are also loyal to the employer and follow their strategies and rules this type
of organization is very formative. This culture has an impact that only few people will
remain in power that can create chaos in organization.
Person Culture
In this culture of an organization the employees are very poor in coordination with
each other but are very good in delegating their authorities and task to their
subordinates. This type of organization focuses on human resource of the company and
always try to improve and develop them with the help of training and development in
different aspects. It has an impact that it only focuses on few people of the organization.
Task Culture
The organization which focuses more on the efficiency of their employees have
this culture as they follow their task and try to improve their effectiveness in their
organization to complete the task and they are usually high performance workforce as
they are good in coordination and also they know when to delegate their authorities and
task distribution and employees posting is also very good. This model has an impact
that Ryanair has to follow this kind of culture in order to increase their productivity in
providing the services to their customers and also increase their profits.

French and raven bases of power
This model had been analyzed by Ryanair to analyze the power of the
organization so that they can channelize it in effective way.
Coercive power
This type of organization effect the employees very much as this increase the
labor turnover ratio of the organization. This power is in use, for example, when an
employee carries out an order under fear of losing their job or their annual bonus. This
type of power have a negative impact on the staff behavior and organizational
performance.
Reward power
In an organization the managers who have this power decentralize their task to
their subordinate and also give them rewards to complete the task this gives the
employees a sense of motivation and also increase the efficiency of the organization.
But there is also a disadvantage of using this kind of power as this by rewarding the
subordinates or employees this also increase the expectation of their size of the
rewards which can't be fulfilled every time and leads to demotivate in longer run of the
organization. This will help firm in motivating employees which will help them in
retaining workers.
Legitimate power
This is a power which is seen in the organization . It is inner trait of the manager
and also have the authority to motivate or penalize their employees according to their
work. This power can be easily shifted to any other person as the power is in the post
not in the person. This power when used in organization it can create fear in mind of
employees which can make them suffer.
Designated power
In this type of power the manager is seen as a idol in an organization and they
have an influencing power to let their employees do their task In time and with most
effectiveness. This helps the organization to achieve its goals with an effective
environment.
Expert Power

This type of managers in an organization have very good knowledge about the
strategies and all effective policies they also have an excellent brilliant which help them
to delegate their work to his employees as the manager is having a good fan base. This
reduce the productivity of the organization as the employees have to do extra work for
their managers and this will also decrease the motivation of the employees with high
rate of labor turnover ratio.
Company is engaged in following designated power, which means that power is given to
employees according to their designation.
Chantal's characteristics of political behavior
Ryanair has analyzed that there are many political aspects which can impact the
growth of the organization and the employees. So the company has adapted this
analysis of Chantal Mouffe. The theory helps the company to evaluate and increase the
efficiency of their employees.
Productivity
The political aspects in the business environment impact the organization by
lowering its productivity as it affects the efficiency of the employees, for example
government has amended a law about standardization of remuneration of the
employees of the organization which will decrease the chances of the employee to grow
and increase their salary this will demotivate the employee to be more effective. This
lays negative impact on behavior of organization.
Concentration
The politics impacts the employees' concentration as the employee are more
concerned in ruining other person's task. Which will distract them from doing their work
effectively. This will impact the employees to achieve the organizational goals and also
create many disputes in the organization.
Demotivation
There is an old tradition going on in the organizations where the employees who
are sycophant of their bosses will get promotion and are always on priority for any
reward, this will demotivate the other and hardworking employees and will result in
turnover.
Increase anger and stress

Politics in an organisation will also increase the stress of the employee and will
start to have many health issues and will also have many issues in regaining to
efficiency to complete there goals and also will trap in the vicious cycle of inefficiency
which will not be broken if any other external support in not provided to the employees.
(Mo and Shi, 2017)
ACTIVITY 2
Theories of Motivation
Theory of Maslow suggests that if basic needs of human doesn't get fulfilled then people
won't be motivated. Maslow's hierarchy of theory is divided into five needs and Ryan Air
applies which of this theory of hierarchical needs in their organization.
Physiological Needs-
As their strategy is to provide low cost services they maintain their employee
relations through wage minimization. Employees who work in Ryan Air have to pay for
their uniform, training, meals and even after that they don't get a decent package. After
that they are also facing a lot of issues like working for long hours which kills their social
life generates negative thoughts in staff and affect their morale. These are the basic
needs like health, food, water, shelter etc. and with the wage minimization strategy of
Ryan Air their employees cannot fulfill all these basic physiological needs which will
result in demotivate. When company is engaged in fulfilling all the basic needs then this
can motivate workers and increase their efficiency and growth.
Safety Needs-
Ryan Air has partnered with Crewlink. Now prospective candidates applies for
the job through Crewlink rather than direct walk in. By enabling outsourcing, it brings
flexibility for a company and ease of work regarding issues like renewal of contracts
when they expire or who to hire. This practice of outsourcing reduces the security of a
job along with cancellation of routes during winter season. They don't even provide
insurance policies for their employees so that they can feel safe. Company is engaged
in providing safe working conditions that helps firm in motivating workers.

Social Needs-
Employees of Ryan Air have pointed out the motivational effects of a friendly
atmosphere at work. They pointed out that it is necessary to have a well maintained
relationship with colleagues, friendly and positive attitude between the team and peers.
If they work together and in a coordinated matter it is the beneficial for the organization
too. This needs are concerned with feeling of belongingness. This needs include having
a good relationships with friends and family it satisfies the social needs. Humans need
acceptance from people who they hang out with, who they work with. Company is
engaged in making norms related to values, attitude, belief of employees working in
firm. This can help them in enhancing performance of workers
Self Esteem Needs-
This needs derive those which are related to status, respect and importance from
others. After social needs human demands these needs to be fulfilled. Sometimes to
gain reputation or fame people do work which is out of their line. To make them feel
important Ryan Air gives responsibility to their employees to negotiate with clients
regarding contracts and if it goes the wrong way they are also held responsible for
them. News in the market is employees of Ryan Air admire that they are given high
level of responsibility so that it can satisfy them and they can know where they stand
with the welfare of passengers and customer service. To motivate them employees are
provided with various schemes or incentives so that they can achieve results with more
dedication. Ryan Air pays commission to them on in flight sales to their cabin crew.
(Lăzăroiu, 2015) This can help them in increasing the performance of organization.
Self-Actualization Needs
After achieving all the needs human desire to have it all. This stage is the top in
the hierarchy stages of Maslow. One beneficial thing for working for Ryan Air is that
they have a policy for promotion which make the employees feel better and keep
motivated as other airline companies don't have this policy. Employees feel that this is
one of the advantage for being in Ryan Air is that it develops our skills and abilities and

to learn foreign languages with gaining experience of working in aviation and in
customer service department.
VROOM model of Ryanair-
This theory believes in maximizing pleasure and minimizing pain. This model has
helped realized that performance of an employee is solely based on his or her potential
such as leadership skills, personality, experience, knowledge and abilities. This theory
is also known as expectancy theory and it has three elements- expectancy,
instrumentality and valence.
When an employee makes effort and performance that is measured is acceptable that is
expectancy.
When performance is rewarded that is instrumentality.(Kanfer and Chen, 2016)
When the rewards are given of high level and have positive value that is valence.
ACTIVITY 3
a) Team Development Theories of Ryanair
Team development is a very essential aspect of the organization as it has very
strong impact in combining the employees in a team and converting them in a high
performance workforce. Ryanair has analyzed the need of adopting these theories in
the organization to increase the employees' development and also help the organization
to gain its performance required. Ryanair has analyzed these theories to make there
strategies and policies more effective.
Bruce Tuckman's model of team stages
The analyst have analyzed the behavior of the employees and made some
stages which any organization would adapt to make their organization successful.
Forming
This is the first stage of team development theory which is used by Ryanair in
which the team have to be formed and introduced with the organization. This stage will
help the team members know other members, which includes the intellectual and
conceptual skills of the team members which is very important as it will tell the members
that which member is the most potential to lead the team. The team members will get a
benefit to plan about the time management which the members have to adapt to

complete any task. This stage will also enable the team members to establish some
effective strategies which will help the team to achieve its team goal. The team
members will also have to analyze which member will do which work and also assign
them the duties according to their potential. When team is being formed efficiently then
this will help company in increasing performance of individual. (Ellis and et.al., 2017)
Storming
This stage is also called the reality stage as the time passes the team members
will also learn about the dis-qualities for which they were not chosen. Now the team will
make a strategic plan keeping in mind the defects of the members and will also help
them to achieve the efficiency the energy of being in a team will also stat to disappear
as they have seen the actual truth which they haven't seen in first stage. The members
will also start to open up and start to put their thoughts in the team, this will help them in
developing their performance and there are chances in which they will have disputes in
agreeing because of differences in their perspective. This will also help the team
members how to solve the problems in differences in thought process.
Norming
In this stage the team members of Ryanair have started to accept their team
members and they have started to acknowledging the positive strengths of their team
members and also try to use those qualities to build the effective strategies to achieve
the team objectives with less time.
Performing
This is the fourth stage of the theory and in this stage the team members are
friendly with their team members and also know each and everything about them and
they are in full efficiency to perform the tasks. Ryanair have also used some methods to
motivate the team which will increase the efficiency of the teams and will give more
effective output.
Adjourning
This is the last stage in which after the completion of task the team is suspended
and the team members feel sad as they all started to relate the closeness of each other
and they have also shared many visions with one another.
Belbin team development theory

This theory helped the employees of Ryanair to understand the important roles of
the team members and it also helps the organization to understand how to develop the
teams to increase the efficiency of the organization to achieve their goals with less time.
The company have also evaluated how to increase the individual personality and their
potential which will help the team to become more effective. There are 9 roles to
develop a team in the organization which Ryanair have adopted to achieve proficiency
in the industry. (Chen, Chen and Sheldon, 2016)
Resource investors
This role is very essential to make a team innovative as resource investors are
very energetic in performing any task, they have a good speaking skills which help them
to talk to people and learn about the internal and external environment better.
(Carnevale, 2018) They are very essential in selecting the team members as they have
a very brief and vast knowledge about the environment, these helps the team members
to collect the information so that the team has a better insight about the objectives of the
team.
Monitor evaluators
These are the members of the team who are very knowledgeable and has a very
vast information in making decisions and they are over thinkers and can take decisions
which are very risky in nature, they have an ability to give a strong opinion about any
person as they have a good observation strength. These members do not take part in
any team recreational activities and can also be said dull in nature.
Coordinators
These members of the team have skills to delegate the work to other members
as they have some traits which shows their boldness, truthfulness, and how much
sophisticated they are in dealing the team goals.
Shapers
Shapers are those individuals who have the tendency of pushing the team
members to achieve their team objectives with the help of some team challenges, the
individual also have leadership qualities. Ryanair also understood the need of these

individual in the organization as they have a skill to motivate others by provoking the
members by saying many harsh things.
Implementer
They are the person who are very good in practical knowledge and they also use
their knowledge to influence the team as they are also good in controlling their temper
and also they believe in time management.(Brickley, Smith and Zimmerman, 2015) This
will help the team to achieve the team objectives and will increase the profits of
Ryanair.
Team workers
These are the backbone of the team as they have a sense of culture, social,
which will impact the other team members, these members are very humble and they
are having leadership qualities of the team. These members are also very good in
making the team peaceful and full of creative ideas, they also make their team members
positive thinking to promote innovation in strategies and also doing the team task.
Ryanair have made new strategies to select and brilliant talents who have these
qualities which will develop a high performance team.
Completer-finishers
These individuals have the good capability to finish the task which they have
started as they are self motivated and also provide motivation to their team members.
These individuals are having trouble in sharing their thoughts to their team members
and they do not like to give their work to their team members. Ryanair have to select
these kinds of individuals they are more dedicated ad also have the capability to
complete their task in the given time they also have the seriousness towards the set
objectives of the organization. This type of role is very essential in the organization as
they are very important asset for the organizations as they can make the company more
productive and they can also fulfill their personal goals.
Specialists
The individual who are experts in some specific field are and have a responsible
attitude in maintaining the strategies and policies of the organization. Ryanair is also
very adamant in selecting these individuals with the written test process to ensure the
potentiality so they can be a good employee and team member as well. They are very