Organizational Behaviour in Ryanair: Culture, Teams, and Motivation

This report provides an in-depth analysis of Ryanair's organizational behaviour, focusing on the impact of its culture, power dynamics, and employee motivation. It explores the issues stemming from union clashes, the influence of the senior management's culture, and the effects on employee performance and customer satisfaction. The report also examines the application of motivational theories, such as Maslow's hierarchy of needs, to improve employee engagement and productivity. Furthermore, it discusses the importance of team dynamics and the potential barriers to organizational restructuring, offering insights into enhancing team effectiveness and overall organizational performance. This detailed case study provides valuable perspectives on the complexities of managing organizational behaviour within the aviation industry.

Running head: ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR
Organizational Behaviour
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

1ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR
Introduction:
The importance of the organizational culture in the modern business is seen to be
notably high. As the modern business industry, specifically the aviation industry, is observed
to be influenced by the preferences of the customers, the significance of having an
organizational culture that contributes to the profitability of the organization is noteworthy.
Adding to this, the creation of a productive culture involves each and every aspect of the
organization which integrates the teams and the departments of the organizations and their
operations (Alvesson and Sveningsson 2015). The conceptual definition of the organizational
culture is significant in creating the connection between the values and the behaviours
(Büschgens, Bausch and Balkin 2013). The concept results in a unique social and
psychological environment for the business conduction and adding to that, the organizational
culture plays a crucial role in making sure that the behaviours of the employees, approaches
of interacting to others along with their modes of adapting to the different situations are in
perfect alignment with the values of the organizations and relates to the objectives of the
organizations (Lacatus 2013).
The paper is focused in the elaboration of the issues that were associated with the
organizational culture of a chosen organization in the form of Ryanair. The mentioned
organization operates in the aviation industry. The paper discusses the organizational culture
of the organization along with the nature of power culture that existed within the
organization. Apart from that, the paper also analyses impact of the organizational culture on
the customers of the organization and the buying preferences of the customers. Adding to
this, the paper also discusses the theories of motivation that have the potential to improve the
performances of the employees of the mentioned organization. Other than this, the paper
portrays the importance of the different teams of the organization in the success of the
organization. Apart from this, the paper identifies the approaches that will increase the

2ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR
effectiveness of the teams in the organization with a precise focus on the Tuckman model and
Belbin’s model. In addition to this, the paper evaluates the appropriateness of the path goal
theory in the improvement of the team performances inside the organization and along with
that, identifies the probable barriers that can affect a possible restructuring in the
organizational structure of the organization.
Overview of the Organization:
Ryanair is a low cost airlines company which started its operations in the year 1984
(Ryanair.com. 2019). The company covers 225 number of locations across the globe and is
managed by the Ryanair Holdings Plc (Ryanair.com. 2019). Adding to this, the organization
is managed from Dublin Airport which is the headquarter of the company. The excellence of
the leadership of the CEO of the organization, Michael O’Leary, the COO of the
organization, Peter Bellew along with the non-Executive Chairman, David Bonderman and
the operational brilliance of 13000 number of employees were significant for the organization
in the generation of € 7.151 billion as revenue and a net income of € 1.145 billion in the year
2018 (Ryanair.com. 2019). However, previously the organization was seen to face notable
amount of issues in the effective management of the organizational culture which resulted in
a notable decline in the performances of the organization. This affected the reputation of the
organization and was one of the main reason of the organization’s incapability to meet the
varying preferences of the customers.
Task 1: Culture and Political Behavior:
Q.a)
The impact of the organizational culture on the performances of the mentioned
company is seen to be significant. The company was notably affected by the union culture
where the Spanish crew were at the forefront of the collisions. The union culture of the

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organization forced a large number of the employees of the organization to opt for suspension
of work which was pretty evident with the call for a strike from the part of the Spanish
Unions such as USO or more specifically Sitcpla which was seen to represent the employees
of the mentioned organization in the country, during 8, 10 and 13th of January in the year
2018 (Independent.co.uk 2019). The mentioned organization was seen to have a tendency of
opposing the labor and employment legislation of the Spanish with the reduction in the
number of the Spanish employees which certifies that the organization was focusing less on
the local employment (Theguardian.com 2019).
With reference to the Hofstede Model, the difference in the aspect of the power
distance between the host nation and Spain is the main reason responsible for the significant
employee unrest in the organization. With a score of 28 in the mentioned aspect, the
reflection of the Irish mentality in the senior level management is pretty evident when they
consider that the organization must not put strong emphasis on the local employment as they
think that the inequalities amongst the employees owing to the reason of nationality, should
not be present (Hofstede-insights.com 2019). On the other hand, with a score of 57, the
Spanish society believes that there should be inequality and a strong existence of the
hierarchical structure inside the organizations and a true reflection of this was pretty visible
with the protest of the unions of Spain (Hofstede-insights.com 2019).
In relation to the French and Raven’s Five Forms of Power, it is pretty evident that the
organization was facing the impact of the legitimate power. As the mentioned form of power
is most prominent in leading the organization, the behavior of the organization and the senior
level management of the organization towards the Spanish employees and the regulatory
frameworks of the mentioned nation states the impact of the ineffective power culture inside
the organization (Zigarmi, Roberts and Alan Randolph 2015).

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In accordance to the Chanlat’s characteristics of Political Behaviour and the Hofstede
Framework, the political leadership from the part of the management of the organization was
a reflection of their individualistic society (Hofstede-insights.com 2019). With a score of 70
in the aspect of the individualism, the senior level managers of the organization were
observed to overlook the collectivist nature of the Spanish employees and the impact of their
protest which forced the employees to suspend their operations and that lead to a state of
crisis for the mentioned organization (Hofstede-insights.com 2019).
Q.b)
The ignorant nature of the senior level management of the organization was a major
issue that affected the performances of the organization. The impact of the culture of the
senior level management of the organization on the issue of the budget carrier and the
absence of stability in the organization’s decisions regarding the improvement of the labour
and employment conditions were responsible in triggering the employees towards a mass
protest which resulted in a financial loss and at the same time, as a reputational damage for
the chosen organization as well. The employees of the organization were demotivated and
adding to that, the formation of the frustration amongst the employees of the organization in
the Spanish region was pretty evident in the decrement of the quality of the performances of
the mentioned organization. Apart from that, the significant reduction in the quality of the
performances of the employees was one of the fundamental reason of such decline in the
performances of the organization that it termed the company as the worst service provider in
United Kingdom (Which.co.uk 2019).
With majority of the employees frustrated, the company was in a crisis situation with
the need of a major restructuring in their dealings with the employees and in the management
of the employee grievances.

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Task 2: Content and Process Theories of Motivation:
The origin of the word “motivation” is “motive”. The definition of the motive is the
needs, desire or wants that drives the individual for the effective accomplishment of the
activities and the goals. Herzberg (2017) is able to claim the fact that the motivation is a
process that triggers the individuals for the efficient achievement of their goals and the
responsibilities. In organizational context, Reeve (2014) stated that the effective management
of the physiological needs of the employees from the part of the management of the
organization, has the potential to influence the behaviours of the employees towards the
achievement of the progress and development in their operations. The process of motivation
includes various objectives such as the improvement in the quality of the operations of the
employees, increment in the productivity along with the increment in the urge amongst the
employees regarding the completion of the of their operational activities. Aguinis, Joo and
Gottfredson (2013) are able to comment on the success of the rewarding plans that include
both intrinsic and extrinsic rewards for providing the much required urge or drive to the
employees regarding their operations and is bale to satisfy the needs of the employees in an
efficient manner.
Considering the types of the motivational theories, it is pretty evident that the theories
are divided into two different types which are the process theories and the content theories.
The conceptual definition of the content theory states that the theories are dedicated in the
identification of the factors inside the people that have the potential to affect the operations or
the activities of the employees in terms of the sustaining or stopping the behaviour of the
employees towards the achievement of the desired improvement in their operations. The
definition of the content theory is able to support the fact that the individuals in the modern
business context are unique and have unique motivational needs as well. Apart from this, the
theory plays a crucial role in understanding the fact that the absence of the motivational

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factors has the potential to affect the performances of the employees in terms of creating
tension and negative behaviour amongst the employees of the organizations which not only
can affect the individual production of the employees but also has the potential to affect the
quality in the operations of the employees as well. On the other hand, the process theories are
more focused in the evaluation of the cause of the behaviour or how it is sustained or stopped
for a particular employee with the impact of the motivational factors and that is pretty evident
with the types of the motivational theories in the form of the equity, expectancy, goal setting
and reinforcement. The evaluation of the process theories is significant in stating the fact that
the formation of the vague goals from the part of the management of the organizations is not
feasibly for motivating the employees of the organization in the real life business context.
Along with that, the process theory claims that the formation of the feasible and realistic
goals are important for the organizations in the directing or influencing the behaviours of the
employees of the organizations and along with that, the evaluation of the theory clearly
portrays the significance of the equity in the design of the motivational programs. In context
of the Ryanair, the application of the Maslow’s hierarchy will be crucial for the organization
in motivating the employees so that they join in their operations and drive towards higher
productivity and quality of operations.
Q.a)
Considering the Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs as the best suited content theory for the
case, it is pretty evident that the impact of the motivation and the need of employees is
significant for the employees in collective and individual manner.
With the mentioned team dynamics of four different teams for four different
subsidiaries of Ryanair, the organization has the potential to improve the individual
performances of the employees. Considering the above mentioned theory, the employees of

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the organization were observed to suffer from incapability of achieving of the basic needs or
more precisely the physiological needs. The Spanish workforce of the Ryainair was seen to
be notably dissatisfied with the opportunities that they achieved in the organization in
meeting the physiological needs (Taormina and Gao 2013). Apart from that, some of the
strategies of the organization such as ignoring the legislative framework of the Spanish
government were seen to create notable amount of confusion amongst the employees of four
different subsidiaries of Ryanair Holdings Plc. Apart from that, absence of firm decision
making from the part of the senior management of Ryanair in meeting the concerns regarding
the job insecurity of the employees were seen to be influential in polluting the environment
inside the organization which requires a massive restructuring (Jerome 2013).
With a precise focus on the physiological needs of the individual employees, it is
pretty evident that the senior level management of the organization needs to proactively listen
to the issues that the employees are facing in conducting their operations inside the
organization (Ozguner and Ozguner 2014). The increased level of involvement from the part
of the senior level management of the organization is much required as that has the potential
to make sure that the management of the organization meets needs of the employees so that
the condition improves. Adding to this, the creation of an effective pay structure will be
significant from the part of the senior level management of the organization in making sure
that the job insecurity of the employees of the organization is solved in an effective manner
(Cherry 2014). Adding to this, the formation of an effective rewarding policy will be
important for the management of the Ryanair in making sure that the employees of the
organization are motivated towards performing in such a manner which can recover the
reputation of the organization and generate larger amount of revenue. Hence with the
application of the Maslow’s hierarchy, the management of the organization will be able to
serve the basic needs of the individual employees in an efficient manner and apart from that,

8ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR
with the appropriate solution to the individual needs of the employees of the organization, the
organization will be able to improve the team morale of the different teams of Ryanair.
On the other hand, for the improvement of the condition of the organization and in
order to make sure that the employees are satisfied with the operational activities of the
management of the organization, the application of the reinforcement theory from the part of
the management of the organization becomes necessary.
Considering the Reinforcement theory, it is pretty evident that the behaviour that
results to the rewards is likely to repeat from the part of the employees compared to the
behaviours that results to the punishment and that indicates that the organization is facing the
need of making sure that they be able to promote their employees in such manner that the
employees be able to manage the customer requirements in an efficient manner. Both the
theories are feasible for the employees on individual context and on collective context in
improving their performances which will make sure that the company be able to generate
larger amount of revenue and recover from the reputational damage. The application of the
rewards from the part of the management of the organization for the much desired
improvement in the behaviour of the employees of the organization will be crucial in the
success of the organization. As the other aspects of the process theories such as the
punishment and the negative reinforcement have the potential to influence the operations of
the employees of the organization in a negative manner, it is pretty much understandable that
the punishment from the part of the management for the employees of the organization will
be responsible for the further decline in the condition of Ryanair. Hence it will not be a wise
decision for the senior management of the organization to punish the employees involved in
strikes. On the other hand, the management of the organization needs to set the benchmark
for the employees of the organization with a precise focus on the quality and the quantity and

9ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR
the management is expected to introduce a reward plan that will effectively meet the needs of
the employees and will be able to motivate the employees.
Task 3: Teams
Q.a)
The importance of the team performances in the modern business organizations is
observed to be significantly high and that is pretty evident with the increasing urge of the
senior management of majority of the organization in the improvement of the team bonding
and in strengthening the coordination amongst the employees of the organizations. As it is
pretty evident that the team performances play a crucial role in the improvement of the
organizational performances and in increasing the productivity of the organizations in
addition to the quality of the operations, the significance of the team performances for the
senior management of the organizations is increasing in a significant manner. Apart from
that, the strong team bonding enables the higher authority of the organizations in the effective
and easy management of the developmental needs of the junior employees with the help of
the senior employees. Hence the improvement in the team bonding from the part of the
management of Ryanair has the potential to improve the condition of the organization and
under the situation of the possible restructuring, the improvement in the team performances
and team bonding becomes notably crucial.
With the idea of restructuring the organizational structure of the chosen company, the
senior level management of the mentioned organization was seen to focus on creating
specialized management team for the different subsidiaries. In addition to this, the
diversification of the teams in the chosen organization in the form of functional, problem
solving, project and virtual teams is a crucial aspect of the success of the chosen organization.

10ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR
The functional teams were responsible for the effective management of the
operations of the organization. As the organization operates in the aviation industry, the
importance of the appropriate management of the air traffic and the ground operation
of the organization is significantly high. The effective management of the operations
from the part of the functional team helps the organization to make sure that there exist
no discrepancy in the management of functionality of employees and the company as a
whole.
The organizations operating in the aviation industry face notable amount of issues in
the proper management of the aviation operations including the ground operations, air traffic
management and quality management in the services to the customers. The issues or the
problems that the organizations face in the management of the appropriate operations of the
organization are in need to be neutralized by the problem solving teams of the organizations
(Hartgerink et al. 2014). Ryanair, being one of the low cost airlines operating in the British
market, faced considerable number of issues in the managing their daily operations such as
the staffing for the effective management of the queries of the organization along with the
communication regarding the flight timings. With a precise focus on the impact of the
extended period of strikes, it is visible that the organization had to cancel considerable
number of flights and the absence of the appropriate communication regarding that from the
part of the company created notable amount of detrimental consequences for the mentioned
company. The problem solving team of the company was decorated enough to solve the
issues that were affecting the organization’s success which is pretty evident with the
increasing revenue of the mentioned organization. Apart from that, the mentioned
organization was seen to be involved in many of the new infrastructural and operational
projects which were designed to improve the customer dealings of the organization along
with the intention of providing the best quality service to the customers of the organization.

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Under such situation, the existence of the project teams were significantly helpful for the
organization in the effective implementation of the projects which had the potential to
improve the customer satisfaction for the company (Bakker et al. 2013). This becomes
significant for the mentioned organization in retaining the customers for the improvement of
the financial stability of the organization.
The organization had greater significance for the virtual teams as the teams were
responsible for establishing effective and appropriate communication amongst the various
subsidiaries and the branches of the organization in the different locations. The establishment
of the effective communication from the part of the virtual teams of the organization were
significant for the management in maintaining their business across the globe in an efficient
manner.
Q.b)
With a precise focus on the storming stage of the Tuckman’s model of team
development, the senior level management of the organization is in need to make sure that
they identify the factors that are affecting the performances of the employees and reducing
the quality of the overall performances of the organization. The production of the effective
solution from the part of the senior level management of the chosen organization will be of
great significance in forming the teams that are capable of meeting the objectives of the
organization (Perry Jr, Karney and Spencer 2013). In accordance to the Jensen’s group
development models, a major solution for solving the issues that are present in the
organization such as the employee unrest will be the formation of the effective rewarding
policy and lucrative pay structure (Zarzu, Scarlat and Falcioglu 2013).
With reference to the co-ordinator team role of the Belbin’s team types, the senior
level management of the organization is in need to make sure that the formation of the teams

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for the four different subsidiaries of the organization is conducted in accordance to the
objectives of the organization (Cameron and Green 2015). Apart from that, the allocation of
the tasks for the employees of the organization is in need to be conducted on the basis of their
expertise as that will be significant for the organization in reducing the number of faults in
their operations. The reduction in the number of the faults from the part of the employees will
effectively improve the reputation of the organization and as the reputation of the safe
business conduction from the part of the organization has the potential to influence the
customers towards the repetitive purchases, the organization will be subjected to considerable
amount of benefits in the long run.
Q.c)
The conceptual definition of the path goal theory is significant in stating the fact that
the form of leadership that is best fit for the employees and the working environment in order
to achieve the desired goal is the most applicable style of leadership. Hence it is pretty
evident that the focus of the theory is divided into four different aspects which are the
employees, task and environmental characteristics, goals and path goal leadership. As the
case of Ryanair presents the impact of the declining organizational culture and ineffective
working environment, it is pretty much understandable that the application of the path goal
theory will be crucial for the management of the organization in the improvement of the
condition of the organization.
With a precise focus on the path goal theory, the leadership of the organization needs
to be restructured. The senior level management of the organization needs to put strong
emphasis on the organizational culture and the operational characteristics of the organization
for the betterment of the services of the organization (Turner 2014). Apart from that, the
establishment of the participative management from the part of the senior level management

13ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR
of the organization will be crucial in solving the grievances of the employees and influencing
them towards the achievement of the organizational objectives under the changed situation
(Turner 2014). The effective communication of the strategy from the part of the senior level
management of the organization will be significant for the employees in being knowledgeable
regarding the best practices of the operations that they are assigned to conduct. Under such
situation, the identification of the barriers that the employees will face and the mitigation of
the impact of those barriers will be enable the senior level management of the organization to
motivate the employees in an efficient manner (Jones 2013). The production of the much
needed support from the part of the senior level management of the organization will be
crucial in the success of the organization with the restructuring.
Q.d) Barriers:
The barriers for the case will be the uncertainty that is associated with the success of
the restructuring of the organization. The uncertainty amongst the employees regarding their
operations under the changed situation will be a major concern for the organization as that
have the potential to affect the overall efficiency of the organization (Independent.co.uk
2019). The impact of the above mentioned issue in the efficiency of the organization will be a
menace for the shareholders of the organization as that could affect the profitability of the
organization. Apart from that, the absence of the appropriate management of the
developmental needs of the employees in the effective management of their operational
activities under the changed situation is a major concern and has the potential to restrict the
efficient implementation of the restructuring in the organization. The success of the
restructuring in the mentioned organization significantly depends on the improvement of the
quality in the operations of the employees of the organization and the failure in meeting the
required service quality standards is pretty evident with the creation of the dissatisfaction
amongst the customers. With a precise focus on the resistance to change theory, the above

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mentioned issues can force the senior level management of the organization to experience
notable amount of challenges in implementing the change.
Conclusion:
On a concluding note, the organization was observed to face a major reputational
crisis which significantly challenged their fame of being a low cost carrier. The ineffective
management of the organization was seen to be the main reason of the employee unrest
which termed it to be the worst serving carrier in the national and International market.
However, it is seen that the organization has the` potential to overcome the above mentioned
challenges with some additional concentration in understanding the grievances of the
employees and solving them through their strategy. An appropriate evaluation of the case is
pretty significant in stating the need of aligning the organization’s business approach to the
Spanish labour and employment legislation. This has the potential to improve the condition of
the organization and can enable the employees to operate freely and more efficiently inside
the organization.

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