An Analysis of Organizational Behaviour: Ryanair Airlines Report

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of organizational behaviour within Ryanair Airlines. It begins by comparing and contrasting different organizational structures and cultures, specifically focusing on functional, divisional, and matrix structures, as well as power, task, and role cultures. The report then explores the impact of organizational structure and culture on business performance, highlighting how these elements influence employee behaviour and productivity. Furthermore, the report assesses factors affecting individual behaviour, emphasizing the importance of leadership and effective communication. The study also delves into organizational theory and scientific management, discussing their contributions to management practices, with a focus on Fayol's principles. A comparison of leadership styles between Ryanair and Virgin Airlines is presented, followed by an evaluation of different management approaches used by both organizations. The report also examines the impact of leadership styles on motivation during times of change and compares various motivational theories, concluding with an evaluation of these theories' usefulness for Ryanair Airlines. The report emphasizes the importance of understanding employee behaviour and adapting leadership styles to drive organizational success.

ORGANIZATIONAL
BEHAVIOUR

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................3
1.1 Compare and contrast three types of organizational structures and culture.....................3
1.2 Explain how the relationship between organization’s structure and culture impact the
performance of business.........................................................................................................4
1.3 Asses the factors that influence individual behaviour? Why manger should understand
individual behaviour...............................................................................................................4
2.2 explain organizational theory and scientific management. Discuss their contribution in
management...........................................................................................................................5
2.1 compare the leadership styles of two mangers.................................................................5
2.3 Evaluate different approaches to management used by two organizations......................6
3.1 Impact of leadership style on motivation of mangers and staff at the time of change.....6
3.2 compare different motivational theories..........................................................................7
3.3 evaluate the usefulness of motivation theories for managers in Ryanair Airlines...........7
CONCLUSION..........................................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
Organization behaviour is basically the behaviour of the employees towards its work
as well as its subordinates. This can be defined as basically the study of individual behaviour.
The organization which has been chosen in this report is Ryanair Airlines which are one of
the largest airlines of UK. This report emphasizes on the organizational structure and culture
adopted by Ryanair Airlines. On the other hand, this report compares the leadership style
which is followed by Ryanair Airlines and virgin airlines. Lastly, it will discuss motivational
theories which are adopted by the organization.
1.1 Compare and contrast three types of organizational structures and culture
Organizational structure is basically the working structure of the organization which
helps the employees in achieving organizational goal. Every organization follows different
structure according to their aims and objectives. In case of Ryanair Airlines it follows
functional type of organizational structure where there are different departments which assist
in accomplishing company’s goal (Carpenter and Charon, 2014). For example, there is
marketing department, sales department etc. Further, Asda which is a multinational retail
store follows divisional type of organizational structure. This structure is adopted by Asda
because its stores are divided geographically. In this, the company has different divisions
which manage all the operation of that particular area. Another structure is the matrix
structure which is followed by Marks and Spencer. In this structure both divisional and
functional structure is adopted by the firm. In this organization, functional and divisional
mangers work at the same level and they are responsible for achieving the sales target of the
area (Hoseyni, and et.al, 2014).
On the other hand, organizational culture is basically the way in which the employees
work in the organization. Power culture can be defined as the culture in which all the roles
and responsibility is assigned by the top management. Power is in the hands of one person.
This type of culture is followed in Ryanair Airlines as the responsibility of employees is to
obey the orders of superiors. In case of marks and Spencer it follows task structure in which
the team is assigned the particular task and they are require to meet the objective. In the task
culture the team members are generally specialized in their areas. Asda follows role culture in
which all the departments and divisions have the authority to take the decision in achieving
goal and objectives of the company (Jogulu, 2010).
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1.2 Explain how the relationship between organization’s structure and culture impact the
performance of business
Organizational structure and culture is the base of the company as with the help of
this it becomes possible for the human resource to work effectively and efficiently. These
play a major role in enhancing the performance of manpower. In case of Ryanair Airlines it
follows divisional structure that means all the department head assign duties to its
subordinates. This helps in making the communication clear and the employees understand
well which further enhances the performance of workers (Newstrom, 2012). On the other
hand, culture has main role in increasing the performance of the manpower. According to the
culture of the organization, employees interact with their colleagues as basically culture helps
in building positive environment in the organization. In case of Ryanair Airlines, it follows
power culture which assists the employees to do their task effectively. In power culture, all
the decisions are made quickly and are implemented well as this gives motivation to the
workforce to do their job effectively. Even this type of culture builds strong relationship
between the superior and subordinate. This further has positive impact on the performance of
workers (Nuttin, 2014).
1.3 Asses the factors that influence individual behaviour? Why manger should understand
individual behaviour
Individual behaviour is influenced by factors at the work place which are as follows:
 Leadership- This factor highly impact the performance and the behaviour of workers.
The leaders are the one who gives direction to the employees. In case of Ryanair
Airlines, employees have strong relationship with their leaders which have positive
impact on their behaviour (Wilson, 2014).
 Effective communication- if communication between the employees and subordinate
is not proper, then it will affect the behaviour of the employees. The worker will
become less attentive which will further affect the productivity.
 Personal life- Employees work basically to achieve its personal goal. If he is facing
any problem in his personal life, then it will reflect negatively in its behaviour. This
factor has major impact on the behaviour of manpower (Griffin and Moorhead, 2013).
It is very important for Ryanair Airlines manger to understand the individual behaviour of
the employees. They are the one because of which the company is able to earn profit. By
understanding the behaviour of employees, manger can easily adopt strategy to motivate their
human resource. By understanding the behaviour, manger can help the employees in its task
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and wherever the worker requires help. Even it can build loyalty in the employees towards its
organization (Beck and Cowan, 2014). This is beneficial for Ryanair Airlines as loyal
workers are asset for the company which help in making the organization successful.
2.2 explain organizational theory and scientific management. Discuss their contribution in
management
Organizational theory plays an important role in helping the management to become
effective. Neoclassical theory helps the organization to consider different aspects of the
employees in order to make the work in the organization. This theory emphasizes on
psychological aspect of the human behaviour. It stresses on the human relations with their
subordinates (Langton, Robbins and Judge, 2012). In case of Ryanair Airlines this
organization theory is adopted it helps the management of the organization to effectively
manage its employees. Further, this theory states that, employee’s social needs along with
economic needs. It assist in fulfilling the needs of the human resource by motivating them
and giving them positive environment. Scientific management theory is emphasizes on
increasing the efficiency and productivity of the employees. It is directly associated with the
performance of the human resource. Scientific management stresses on training and
development of employees. Further helps in building the coordination among the workers
(Carroll, Levy and Richmond, 2008).
Fayol has given principles of management which effectively help the management to
manage their workforce. The most important principle which is followed by Ryanair Airlines
is the division of labour. In this the employees are divided according to their expertise and
according to their skills, they are given the responsibility. Second principle which is adopted
by Ryanair Airlines is authority in which the manger has the authority to give orders to their
subordinates (Allen and et.al., 2013). This assists the management to manage their workforce
and increase productivity of their workers.
2.1 compare the leadership styles of two mangers
In case of Ryanair Airlines the leadership style followed by the company is autocratic
style. In this style, all the power lies in the hands of leaders and employee are not involve in
the decision making process. Role of the manger is to give orders to their subordinate and
employee’s role is to fulfil their responsibility. This style is beneficial because as it helps in
making quick decisions (5 Different Types of Leadership Styles, 2015). At the time of
implementing strategy, this style is the most effective one which can be adopted by the
organization. On the other hand, in case of virgin airlines it follows democratic leadership
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style. In this style, superior involve its employees in the decision making procedure. In this
type of leadership style equal opportunity is given to every individual to give their opinion in
the decision of the company. This style has proved effective for the organization because,
with the help of this leadership style the individual decision making power has been increased
and they have become skilled (Shahnawaz, and Jafri, 2009). These two styles are different
from each other but still they are playing major role in making the company profitable. In
case of similarity, the power is in the hands of the authority and they are the only one who
assigns roles and responsibility to their employees.
2.3 Evaluate different approaches to management used by two organizations
Approaches of management give direction to the organization in managing the
employees of the organization. The management approach adopted by the Ryanair Airlines is
decision theory approach. This approach focuses on the quality of the decision made by the
employees (Bloisi, Cook and Hunsaker, 2007). The human resources are judged on the basis
of the decision which they make in the organization. As Ryanair Airlines follows the power
culture and the power is in the hands of subordinates, by considering this they are given
various tools which helps them in making decision of the company. In this approach,
management studies all the factors which affect the decision of the organization. But one
limitation of this approach is that the management cannot be judged on the basis of decision
making (Parikh, 2010). There are many aspects which have to be considered for judging the
management.
On the other hand, virgin airlines follow social system approach. This approach
emphasizes on achieving goals by understanding the behaviour of employees. This theory
stresses on building cooperation among the employees. It states that the best organizational
goals can be achieved by harmony between company objective and the employees
(Golembiewski, 2000). The main limitation of this approach is that is a very broad concept
so it becomes impossible to judge the management.
3.1 Impact of leadership style on motivation of mangers and staff at the time of change
Motivation and change both are important for the workers as well as the organization.
At the time of change, motivation of the workers goes down which affect the performance
and the productivity of employees. So at that time it is important for the management to adopt
the accurate leadership style which reduces resistance to change and motivate the employees.
In case of Ryanair Airlines the major change is witnessed in the policies of government.
Government makes many policies which are unfavourable for the managers. In this particular
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time, leaders should follow that leadership style which is favourable for their mangers
(Muondo and Perkins, 2013). In this situation, leaders are the one who motivate their
workforce and further assist the employees to retain in the organization. In Ryanair Airlines
the leaders have to change the leadership style as they should adopt participative style which
will help the employees to become more loyal to the company. Leaders are the one who
gives direction to its employees and guides them. In that case it can be said that leadership
style significantly impacts the motivation of mangers.
Leaders are the one who provide them emotional support in hard times. So it is very
effective for the leaders to adopt that style which makes the employees motivate to do their
work (Brewis, 2007). Leadership style has great influence on behaviour of individual. It is
suggested that, in hard times Ryanair Airlines should adopt democratic leadership style.
3.2 compare different motivational theories
Motivational theory helps in motivating the employees to do their work effectively
and efficiently. Theory is the medium through which the mangers understand the needs and
demand of the employees who are working in the organization. The motivational theory
which can be applied in Ryanair Airlines is Maslow hierarchy theory. This theory states that
there are different motivational levels which determine the satisfaction level of the employees
(Tohidinia and Mosakhani, 2010). It starts with psychological needs, safety needs, esteem
and last is the self actualization need. By applying this theory, the management can identify
the level at which the employees is working in the organization. According to its level,
Ryanair Airlines can make strategy to fulfil the requirement of workers.
Another theory which can be applied in Ryanair Airlines is the Herzberg two factor
theories. This theory states that, there are some of the factors which are present in the
organization which leads to job satisfaction. These factors can be divided as motivating factor
and hygiene factor. Motivation factor are basically recognition, job responsibility etc. The
department managers are the one who require things for increasing their motivation. Hygiene
factors are job security, salary etc. These are basically the requirements of lower
management, as they are motivated if their salary is increased (Hoseyni and et.al., 2014). It
can be effective in Ryanair Airlines but first the company has to identify the requirement and
then it should take step in satisfying the need.
3.3 evaluate the usefulness of motivation theories for managers in Ryanair Airlines
Motivational theories are very helpful for the management as they provide the way to
the management for encouraging the employees. With the help of these theories, management
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can easily identify the motivational factor through which they can motivate the employees.
Motivation approach helps the manger to maintain the satisfaction level of employees. Even
they help in retaining the employees of the organization (Newstrom, 2012). Through these
motivation theories only Ryanair Airlines was able to retain the human resource in the
organization during tough times. Motivational theories are not only useful for the employees
but are very useful for the organization. Employee’s needs are fulfilled effectively and they
become satisfied. Satisfied employees are the asset for the organization so it is ultimately
beneficial for the organization.
CONCLUSION
From this report it can be inferred that, culture and structure plays a very important
role in enhancing the performance of the employees. Further it can be concluded that,
because of the power culture the decision making process of the airline is very fast. Even
with the help of autocratic leadership, a strong relationship has built between the superiors
and the subordinates. It can also be inferred that different leadership styles are followed in
Ryanair Airlines and virgin airlines but still both the organizational are doing successfully
good in their areas.
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