Organisational Behaviour: Ryanair's Culture, Power, and Teams Report

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of Ryanair's organizational behaviour, examining its culture, power dynamics, and team structures. The report begins by exploring Ryanair's organizational culture, including Handy's typology and Hofstede's cultural dimensions, and how these factors influence employee behaviour and performance. It then delves into the impact of the power culture on staff feelings and behaviour. The report further investigates content and process theories of motivation, such as Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Vroom's expectancy theory, and their relevance to Ryanair. It also examines different types of teams within Ryanair, the application of Belbin’s team roles and Tuckman’s group development models, and the potential of path-goal theory to improve team performance. Finally, the report identifies barriers to implementing a new organizational structure within Ryanair, offering insights into how the airline can improve its organizational effectiveness.

Organisational
Behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1 ..........................................................................................................................................3
A. Its organisational culture and the nature of power and political behaviour of its
management ...............................................................................................................................4
B. The power culture have affected the feelings and behaviour of staff and ultimately
performance of Ryanair. .............................................................................................................5
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6
Content theory and process theory of Ryanair ...........................................................................7
TASK 3 ...........................................................................................................................................9
A. The different types of teams which operate within Ryanair and there importance to the
success of the organisation. ......................................................................................................10
B. Belbin’s team types and Tuckman and Jensen’s group development models for making the
teams of Ryanair effective. ......................................................................................................11
C. The use of path-goal theory could improve team performance and productivity in Ryanair
...................................................................................................................................................13
D. The main barriers to implementing a new organisational structure in Ryanair...................13
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................14
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................15

INTRODUCTION
Organisation behaviour is the response of any organization in response to the various
components in the organisation. It includes the policies, plans, regulations and the rules followed
by company. The mangers of the company are responsible for the management and control over
the company therefore it is important for the mangers to understand the organizational behaviour.
As organization behaviour helps mangers in the decision-making in the company.
The report will study the company Ryanair which is an airline company. The company
earlier lacks customer satisfaction and also several staffing issues. Now the company have
improved in serving their customers and also included various leadership styles in their
organization.
TASK 1
A. Its organisational culture and the nature of power and political behaviour of its management
Organisational culture- organisation culture includes the underlying beliefs, assumption
expectations, experiences and values relating to the organisation Ryanair. It can be simply stated
that the organization culture is the vision, norms, system, policies and procedure adopted by the
company.
Culture of Ryanair affect to team and individual of organization because if culture of
organization not better and systematic so this thing direct affect to teams, and they interact with
customers with negative attitude (Barrett, 2016). These thing affect organizational productivity
and profitability. Individuals performance and behaviour also affected due to culture of Ryanair.
Handy’s typology- According to Charles Handy, there are four types of organization
culture which includes: Power, Role, Task and Person. The power culture in Ryanair is
accumulation of company's power in handful of people and major decisions are made by them
only. This leads to taking of wrong decisions sometimes. The role culture is based on the rules.
Each person in Ryanair is assigned its roles and responsibilities. In task culture there is
distribution of work among the teams in Ryanair. Lastly in the person culture, person
collectively work for Ryanair.
Hofstede’s work- According to Hofstede's work there are five cultural dimensions which
are- Power distance relates to the distribution of powers unequally between the members in
Ryanair. Individualism is the collectivism of people in strong groups and working for their
groups itself. Masculinity is the gap between the males value and the females value in Ryanair.

Uncertain avoidance is prevention of any uncertain situations in Ryanair by which the people
are uncomfortable(Birkland, 2015). And lastly long- term orientation which relates to the
persistence and continuance of Ryanair.
In Ryanair role culture is followed which distributes the powers in the company. And
also there is long term orientation which focuses on long term functioning of company.
Organizational Power- It is an authority to any individual to take decisions and control
work of its subordinates accordingly. In Ryanair the powers are legitimate and accumulated in
few hands which creates the downfall of company.
There can be 5 types of power according to social psychologists John French and Bertram
Raven which are as follows- Legitimate- it refers to a person given formal authority for example CEO of Ryanair. Reward- is stats the compensation against the reward to another person. For example-
parent has reward power over children(Chumg and et.al., 2016). Expert- it relates to the expertise and skilled person decision and control on anything. For
example specialist physician. Referent- the person who is strongly liked and admired by others. For example celebrity.
 Coercive- a person who gains compliance from others.
Power of organization also affect to teams and individual because manager and seniors have
power in Ryanair according to their position. So if they use power in wrong way so this thing
affect to performance of teams and individuals because corruption increase due to power. Senior
do not include to individual and members of organization at the time of making decsion. So they
affected and demotivate through this.
Political behaviour- Political behaviour in Ryanair refers to the behaviour in which
people play mindful games in gaining something, some post or benefit. According to Chanlat
theory there can be following effect on Ryanair by political behaviour. The political behaviour of
the people can be positive and negative which can help in growth of Ryanair on the other hand
can harm the work environment. Management of Ryanair can be affected by the politics as there
are people who are crafty, deceitful and have high aspirations. In Ryanair there is negative
politics effecting the punctuality and reputation of company(Coccia, 2015). If political behaviour
of organization present in good manner in Ryanair so employees get satisfaction through it.
Employees are important part of Ryanair and organization has need to provide satisfaction so if

this behaviour is strongly and positively present in market so this thing direct put effect on
profitability and customers attract because they get satisfaction through this behaviour.
Political behaviour affects the Ryanair because there are so many activities which has been
associated with the tactics for influencing the personnel and organizational interest of the
individuals and organization.
B. The power culture have affected the feelings and behaviour of staff and ultimately
performance of Ryanair.
The power culture adopted by Ryanair is affecting the feelings and behaviour of the staff
on large scale. The allocation of powers in top authorities helps the company in proper
management and efficient working but on the other hand the superior workers are demotivated
due to lack of any powers on there part. The staff needs to consult to top authorities even for
small decisions.
There are cases of strikes by Ryanair's cabin crew in Spain. There were strikes for the
three days which requires better working conditions of staff. Therefore this is evidence of
company not following uncertain avoidance according to Hofstede's work which lacks the
company in preparing for uncertain situations(Cook and Artino Jr, 2016).
The powers and politics in Ryanair relates to each other in terms of staff. The staff lacks
sufficient authority and powers to take decision relating to normal course of business like-
scheduling of late flights, emergency lending of flights and the online services provided by
Ryanair. Thus, unsatisfied staff made a union against Ryanair. There are heavy level of politics
in Ryanair also the union members of staff demanded for improvement of working conditions.
Therefore the power culture have affected feelings and work behaviour of the staff which is a
barrier in company's growth and progress.
TASK 2
Content theory and process theory of Ryanair
Content theory
Content theory involves the needs of human which change according to the time. Content
theory tends to be the earliest theory of motivation and also later it comes with the
modification(Birkland, 2015.). It tries to find out the needs and it also relates with the motivation
which fulfils the needs of the customers and employees;

Maslows Hierarchy of needs:- it is one of the motivational theory which is comprising
the psychology according to the needs of the employees of Ryanair for improving the
performance of the individuals and team. There are some needs which has been explained
below:-
Physiological needs:- it contains one of the basic needs of the employees such as food,
shelter, drink, clothing and sleet etc. if these needs are not properly satisfied then individuals and
team cannot perform the functions optimally. It is important to fulfil the needs of the human
from which it can improve the performance and also motivates the employees for achieving the
goals and objectives of the Ryanair. If Ryanair provide satisfaction to members of organization
related to basic needs, so they do their work in organization effectively, and they provide
satisfaction to customers. Profitability increase due to this thing and Ryanair easily achieve their
goal and objective.
Safety needs:- its important for Ryanair for providing the facility of the safety and
security such as health and wellness, financial safety and safety against accidents and injuries
etc. because when all the safety needs are fulfilled then its easy for employees for working with
them. All the requirements are started because it contributes to the motivations and encouraging
to the employees about their work(Miner, 2015). Members of Ryanair has second need like
safety and Ryanair has need to satisfy this need of employees because if organization provide
health and safety facility to employees, so they do work without fear. They also provide better
services to customer and increase profit in organization. Through provide satisfaction they can
achieve goal and meet to objective.
Social needs:- it one of the needs where all the acceptance and belongings needs
emotional relationship for driving the behaviour of the human and it is more helpful for
motivating the employees because from making good inter personnel relations in Ryanair it
decreases the stress, depressions, loneliness and give them satisfaction for working with others.
Through completion of this need of employees by Ryanair they attract and motivate from
organization. Employees provide better services to customers and achieve goal of organization.
Esteem needs:-it needs respect, apperception and values for motivating and improving
the performance of the employees because its important for gaining respect and appreciation
which motivate employees in so many ways such as if Ryanair saying thank you to the
individuals for helping them it is one of the motivation aspect for them and also appreciate them

about their good work is also way of motivating them. From which it increases the productivity
and retain customers(Sheeran and Abraham, 2017).
Self-actualisation needs:- in these individuals and teams realizing their self-fulfilment,
potential and also the seeking of the personnel growth with their experience from becoming
everything to capable of becoming and it is all possible because of Ryanair observe and analyse
the capabilities and potential of the employees for achieving the goals and objectives(Cook and
Artino Jr, 2016.).
All above needs are basic for human and if organization complete to these needs of employees so
this thing helps to provide satisfaction and if employees satisfy through strategies and decision of
Ryanair, so they give satisfaction to customers (Beaumont, 2018). Ryanair has need to
understand needs and wants of employees and then satisfied them. So all employees of Ryanair
provide contribution in achieve goal and increase profitability of organization.
Process theory of motivation
Process theory of the motivation addresses the problems which is related to the work
process and sustains itself over the period. It also determines the factors which shows the degree
of efforts, continuation of efforts and also the modification of efforts.
Vroom's expectancy theory:- It is one of the most widely expected all the explanations which is
offered. This theory has been founded the basic notions where people get motivated and
encouraged to exert the high level of the employees efforts in Ryanair. There are some key
aspects for the expectancy theory of motivations are:-
Valence:- it is one of the motivational theory where all the strength, efforts and values of one
particular individual for achieving the particular objectives and goals for the outcomes and
rewards(Ritchie, 2018).
Expectancy:- Expectancy is one of the most important part of the Ryanair where all the efforts
for performing the task has been analysing of the individuals and employees or in groups from
which they perform better in the organization.
Instrumentality:- Vroom's refers to the performance which is related to the rewards and
recognitions. In this it means that the motivational aspects can be expressed through the highest
model and also have the highest positive values for implying the motivation choices of the
performance. It also measures and analyse the performance of the employees from it identify the
outcomes through the efforts of the individuals(Salas and et.al., 2017).

If this motivation theory apply by Ryanair to provide motivation and satisfaction through
evaluate and analyse performance of employees and give reward and incentives to them, so they
motivate through this process and contribute in achieve goal and meet objective of organization
(Purvis, Zagenczyk and McCray, 2015). If employees get satisfaction and motivation from
organization, so they always do work to complete and achieve target and customers attract from
services quality of Ryanair.
content theory and process theory helps the individual of the Ryanair to get succeed
both the theories are helpful influencing the behaviour of the teams and individuals because it
gives motivation it is based on the priorities level
and it also presents the factors of the job for contributing for the satisfaction of the individuals
and team in the organisation.
Process theory mainly focus on the behaviour of the human for give them motivation and
also involve them in all the activities of the organisation and on the other hand the content theory
is identified the needs and wants of the individuals and teams which relates to the motivation for
fulfilling the needs of them. Both the theories helps the organisation to achieve the success
because from those theories it fulfilled the needs and wants of the individuals and team from
which they work harder to achieve the particular set of task and objectives.
TASK 3
A. The different types of teams which operate within Ryanair and there importance to the
success of the organisation.
Team is a group of persons coming together for any specified work in order to achieve
common goals . In the organisation there are several times which works in the given work and
thereby results in the companies progress.
The importance of the effective team
 Functional team:- functional team is group of members where all the functional
expertise are working towards sharing the objectives and goals. This team is important
for Ryanair because it handles all the functional aspects of the firm.
 Problem solving:- it is basically a set of the programs which brings the key line
managers together for solving the problems at real time and also it takes help from the
facilitators. This is important for Ryanair because it helps in solving the problems of the
current situations.

 Virtual team:- This is a type of the effective team where a group of members has been
participated for making the common projects with the collaborative efforts and also the
purpose of achieving the shared objectives and goals. This is important for the
organisation because it improves the relations with the others and also each individual
participate in the activity.
 Project team:- in this the members are usually belonged to the different functions,
groups and assigned them the activities for the same project. This teams are usually made
for the short period and it is also important for the organisation when they have to
complete the project work.
Importance of teamwork-
 Teamwork helps to motivate unity among members of Ryanair. It creates sense of
working for organisation with common goals.
 Teamwork also helps in evaluating company Ryanair by receiving various ideas and
feedback on issues of company.
 Also the teamwork improves efficiency and productivity in Ryanair. As there is
completion of work on large scale it help the company in accomplishing organisation
goals(Kitchin, 2017).
 Teamwork can provide great learning opportunities by sharing of ideas among the team
members in Ryanair.
The different types of team which operates Ryanair are as follows-
1. Functional team-This team in Ryanair relates to the operating of normal functions of
company. All decisions relating to the day to day functions like operating decisions and
administrative decisions are taken by functional team. This team is important for Ryanair
because day to day operation maintain through it, and they operate smoothly to all work
and activities. This helps to achieve goal and meet to objective of organization.
2. Problem solving team- This team in Ryanair relates to the group of people who are
responsible in the solving of critical problems occurring in company. Problem solving
team is important to eliminate the problems of the company and help in achieving the
companies goals. This team important because they resolve to problem and prevent
conflicts among members of organization. They also gather information and then make

decision about disputes. So this helps in establish strong coordination between all
members and achieve goal easily.
3. Project team- It relates to the team which works upon any specified project. The project
can be new or the existing project in the company. The project team evaluates project
initials and execute it effectively. It also important because this team put fully focus on
project and do work and apply strategies to complete project effectively. This helps to
attract customer in Ryanair and achieve goal of organization.
4. Virtual team- this teams usually works from the different geographical locations and rely
on communication technology such as email, FAX and video conferencing services.
Virtual team is important to Ryanair in order to operate the team works from different
branches located in various cities and also creates coordination between air bases(Mickan
and Boyce, 2018).
These teams are also collectively important for the success of Ryanair, therefore teams
have to complete there work efficiently. The work among the teams are divided which helps to
focus on specific jobs. Focusing on the various issues by the team, results in the quality work and
better allocation of resources in the team. There is reduced conflicts about the work to be done
by the teams because the work is already divided. Therefore, Ryanair uses the team work to
operate its business and achieve organizational goals.
In Ryanair organization many thing present that make to team in ineffective because Ryanair
provide low cost services to customers and do not provide employees satisfaction. Due to this
reason employees do not work properly and in systematic manner. They have many issues
related to their decision and policies (Stalla-Bourdillon and Bertin, 2016). So media also cover to
them for gather information and highlight to organisation. So employees avoid to customer
satisfaction and organization can not achieve goal.
If Ryanair spend money on provide training to members to improve and develop skills and
knowledge so this thing helps to make ineffective team into effective.
If organization focus on performance and evaluate it for provide reward and incentive against in
their performance so it helps to motivate to members, and they do work with their full effort and
provide quality service. It also helps in make ineffective team to effective.

B. Belbin’s team types and Tuckman and Jensen’s group development models for making the
teams of Ryanair effective.
The effective team in organisation Ryanair is important so that there can be change in
adverse conditions and there is effective management of problems. If the team work is effective
the company Ryanair can overcome problem of employee turnover, low reputation and lack of
punctuality of flights(Miner, 2015).
Belbin's team roles- Dr Meredith Bel bin and his team discovered nine team roles. By
using these roles the company Ryanair can evaluate and self understand itself. The roles helps in
knowing the strengths and weakness of the company Ryanair. The Nine team roles are as
followed-
1. Resource indicators- these roles of team in Ryanair brings new ideas in team back so
that there is flow of new innovations in organisation
2. Team worker- these roles relates to allocation and completion of work in team. The
team mechanism is used in Ryanair.
3. Co-ordinator- it relates to coordination in team by proper allocation of work and
managing work on time in Ryanair.
4. Plant- this role of team is highly creative and involves solving of problems delegated to
team by organization Ryanai(Quinn, 2016)r.
5. Monitor evaluator- this role determines role of team in monitoring and keeping eye on
functions of Ryanair and provide effective solutions.
6. Specialist- this gives special and in-depth knowledge to team and helps in focusing on
key areas in Ryanair
7. Shaper- this provides the necessity support to team and ensures that team does not lose
focus and momentum in Ryanair.
8. Implementer- this needs a allocable plan and a implication of strategy and carrying out
effectively in Ryanair.
9. Completer finisher- it is used at end of task to scrutinize work and detect errors from
the work done in Ryanair(Ritchie, 2018).
For–example – monitor evaluator can be used in order to schedule the timing of landing and
taking off of flights from the airports. This will solve the problem of irregularity of flights. In
this belbin model includes nine members that perfect and expert in their own special field. So if

in Ryanair all above types of team members includes so this make effective team. This helps to
make effective strategies about achieve goal of organization. For getting success in business of
Ryanair has need to resource investigator that evaluate and analyse about resource with low cost
and high quality (Mattei, 2018). Coordination also important so in this model included all types
of people and it helps in produce quality service and provide satisfaction to customers for
achieve organizational goal.
Tuckman and Jensen’s group models- Tuckman and Jensen proposed the stage theory model
which deals with the group interaction of the employee in the company. The model include four
stages of team development in Ryanair. The four stages are as follows-
1. The forming stage- in this stage team meets and learns about opportunities and
challenges, than agrees to tackle the task.
2. The storming stage- this stage relates to team development. Where team members raise
their opinions on the topic.
3. The norming stage- this is a conflicting situation which occurs in team regarding
leadership of team. Every member in team wants to leads the team.
4. The performing stage- at the last stage there is performing of actions n the team and focus
on their goals(Salas and et.al., 2017).
These models can be used by Ryanair in order to evaluate and strengthen the teams in its
organization.
This process is very important and essential for Ryanair. If his model apply in this organization
so ineffective team converts in effective team because they provide perfect training and learning
opportunity to employees according to stages. Employees and members of organization
motivates through it because they get opportunity to improve and develop skill and knowledge of
themselves, so they do work efficiently and effectively, and then they produce quality service for
customers satisfaction and attraction.
C. The use of path-goal theory could improve team performance and productivity in Ryanair
Path-goal theory- Path goal theory relates to leadership theory. In this theory this is
assumed that leaders compensate for the shortcomings of their team members. The path goal
theory provides that leaders encourage and motivates their team members in order to accomplish