Asset Management in Gas Plants: Maintenance Strategies for Equipment

This report focuses on maintenance strategies for safety-critical equipment within the context of asset management, specifically addressing a gas-based plant in Minnesota. The report begins with an abstract outlining the importance of asset management in preventing accidents and mitigating risks associated with critical equipment. It identifies key objectives such as risk identification, assessment of major accident hazards, development of Safety Critical Equipment (SCE) registers, and the formulation of maintenance strategies. The introduction emphasizes the role of the Asset Integrity Management System (AIMS) in reducing hazards. A detailed literature review explores the consequences of equipment failure, including environmental damage, occupational hazards, and quality mismatches, as well as the importance of corporate governance and meeting business objectives. The report then describes the case study of a gas-based plant, detailing the types of critical safety equipment (CSEs) involved, such as above-ground and buried piping, compressors, pressure vessels, pumps, valves, and H2S sensors. The report also includes the advantages of asset management like ensuring quality, timely delivery, and reduction of cost. Finally, the report proposes improvements to the asset management system and discusses the implementation of these strategies, including figures and diagrams to illustrate the concepts.

TOPIC: Maintenance Strategies for Safety Critical Equipment’s in Asset Management
University
Word count

Table of Contents
Chapter 1- Abstract.....................................................................................................................................2
Chapter 2 Introduction................................................................................................................................3
Chapter 3 literature review.........................................................................................................................5
Chapter 4 Description of the Case Study.....................................................................................................8
Chapter 5 Audit/ Benchmarking Asset Management System....................................................................10
Chapter 6 Propose Improvement of the Asset Management System........................................................11
Chapter 7 Implementation of proposed improve asset management system..........................................12
Bibliography..............................................................................................................................................15
Figure 1: iIems of CSEs used in this case study..........................................................................................4
Figure 2 Maintenance Strategies for CSEs..................................................................................................8
Figure 3: Amount of profit spent on CSEs as a percentage of total profit..................................................11
Figure 4- 5 ways of implementation of proposed Asset management system..........................................13

Chapter 1- Abstract
The asset management is an essential task for the organizations dealing with critical
equipments. The accidents related to critical equipments may be fatal leading to loss of
men and material (Cole et al., 2019). This will increase the legal complications and
associated costs which may lead to increase in input cost ultimately resulting in loss of
competitive advantage from the perspective of pricing. The critical equipments need to be
maintained at appropriate place in appropriate manner to prevent any occupational
hazard.
The case study considered in this paper pertains to a gas based plant in Minnesota which
supplies cooking gas to households through pipelines (Chowdhury et al., 2019). Along
with this the gas is supplied to industrial sectors which need it for manufacturing and
executing day to day work. The gas is first isolated from coal bedded methane areas,
Then, it is sent to intended refinery for extraction of pure methane. Finally, the gas
reaches to plant in Minnesota whereby it is converted to various forms for different uses.
After this, the gas is supplied to end consumers.
Objective:
1. Risk Identification and Mitigation
One of the foremost objectives for any maintenance strategy is to identify the risks and
plan for their mitigation. Without identification, no risk cannot be assessed and
acknowledged which may lead to indifference to risk occurrence (Chen & Chen, 2019).
There may be associated accidents leading to occupational hazards which may dent the
image of gas plant. This may lead to major backlash from society that may result in
closing of the plant altogether.
2. Identification and assessment of major accident hazards;
After risk identification, the next objective is the identification and assessment of
associated major accident that can take place in the premises of plant or any other
location for which company is liable. This may cause controversies for the company
leading to maligning its image and reputation.
3. Classification- and Development of SCE Registers from Asset Register;
To prevent any mishappening, there is need to classify and develop Safety Critical
Equipments register which maintains the data related to safety equipments that can be
used to prevent any disaster (Campos et al., 2019). There needs to classify and develop
SCE registers so that all measures related to safety can be assessed which will prevent
major disaster in plant.
4. Development Safety Critical Equipment maintenance Strategies.
Finally, the safety critical equipment strategies need to be formulated so as to cater to needs
of safety which is essential while using the inflammable substances like gas.

Chapter 2 Introduction
Asset Integrity Management System (AIMS) is helpful to reduce the probability of
hazards occurring due to critical equipments present at operating site. Assets are valuable
for each company with maintenance of Safety Critical Equipments along with sound
strategy to prevent any accident that may cost men and material due to fatal accidents.
There must be provisions for proper asset management so that all assets are utilized with
utmost efficiency without placing anyone in hazardous position.
Asset Integrity Management System helps reduce the chances of probability of hazards
associated with gas based plants as well (Braziotis et al., 2019). The gas based plants
must be able to manage all its critical equipments in appropriate manner as mandated by
the government regulations. Critical equipments related to gas based plants include
following:
a) Above Ground Piping- above ground piping to supply the gas to intended location is a
major asset for gas based plants. There needs to cater to expectations of modern
customers as expectations of customers are increasing with the advent of technical era of
the 21st century. Modern customers want utmost quality without any compromise with
safety. This has generated the need to supply gas to customers or end consumers in their
intended location which is not possible without effective piping infrastructure (Annala et
al., 2019). But above ground piping must be of adequate quality so that any leakage is
prevented to avert fatal situations.
b) Buried Piping- the next major asset of gas based plants is buried piping. These have less
chances of fatal attack in comparison to above ground piping. But they are equally
dangerous from environmental perspective. Any leakage in buried piping may alter the
surroundings and soil profile. The major organisms to maintain the efficacy of soil may
get lost leading to soil infertility along with other environment damages.
c) Compressor- The compressors are needed to compress the gas in pipelines and other
equipments maintaining adequate amount of pressure. The compressors are placed in the
category of Critical Safety equipments due to potential of compressprs to cause huge
damage if not maintained properly. Compressors are mandated to be present at each gas
based plant which deals with the gas supply.
d) Pressure Vessel- the pressure vessel which works along with compressor is a critical
equipment which need to be maintained properly so as to prevent any major accident due
to gas leakage (Aboah et al., 2019). The highly flammable ingredients of gas make
pressure vessel a very important equipment to deal with in case of exigencies. To make
the equipment safe, it has to be maintained properly without jeopardizing the business
interests.
e) Pumps- the pumps which insert the gas in desired container are critical equipment
because they need to be adequately used by the persons handling it so as to prevent
leakage and wastage of gas. Leakage may also result in fire due to flammable nature of
gas. Along with this, pumps are needed to pressurize the gas effectively in the liquid or
gaseous form. To make pumps function effectively, Their management is necessary as
per needs and requirements (Soni et al., 2019).
f) Valves- valves are necessary to prevent backward flow of gas which may again result in
leakage if valves are not functioning properly. The maintenance of flow of gas is

necessary to ensure regular supply of gas to end consumers and industries. This leads to
supply of quality material to consumers at the right time.
g) H2S Sensor- sensor is necessary to report any probability of mishappening before its
occurrence. This can prevent fatal attacks or disasters due to poor management of assets
(Gligor et al., 2019).
Figure 1: iIems of CSEs used in this case study
Chapter 3 literature review
Critical equipment is any piece of equipment which if not maintained properly, may have
chances to breach the legal obligations associated with the business plan (Colicchia et al.,
2019). It may include breach of regulatory requirements related to environment,
occupational hazards, quality mismatch, corporate governance and business objectives.
The environmental norms have become stricter after the signing and ratification of Paris
Climate agreement. Along with this, the incidents of Chernobyl disaster and nuclear
explosions are still live in the minds of general public. These explosions have resulted in
serious diseases and health impacts over animals and humans (Søgaard et al., 2019).
The environment damage due to any disaster impacts the biodiversity of the area with
birth of physically and mentally handicapped children (Aboah et al., 2019). The
environmental damage may result in chaos and detrimental effects for generations
leading to various health issues for all the associated species of plants and animals. This
may result in permanent ecological damage that will be unable to revived by any
scientific or natural method. The geochemical cycles of earth are sustainable naturally

due to capacity of environment to maintain the cycle without causing permanent
environment damage. But, the impacts of disasters at premises of business buildings
associated with critical equipments disturb these biogeochemical cycles which interrupt
the natural flow of processes occurring in the nature (Yang et al., 2019).
Occupational hazards may result in grievous physical loss like loss of limbs, vision and
other sensory abilities (Kalaitzi et al., 2019). In the most severe situations, it may result in
loss of lives of number of people associated or not associated with the business. The
effects of business operations on persons involved in the particular occupation will result
in grievous loss of men leading to breach of rights of workers. The gas based plants must
use all precautionary measures to maintain the critical equipments related to any activity.
Quality mismatch-
The quality is very important to sustain any business including gas based plants. If
critical equipments are not maintained properly, they will not be functionally viable. This
may result in compromise with quality due to faulty equipments (Rajaguru & Matanda,
2019). To prevent any quality mismatch, the critical equipments must be maintained as
per precautionary measures elucidated to handle them. There must be sound proof
method to deal with faulty equipments altogether without compromising the quality. The
gas based plants are sustainable due to supply of quality gas supply to consumers. If the
quality of gas is not appropriate, the company or gas based plant will not be able to
sustain itself in the market.
Corporate governance
Along with the above factors mentioned, there is need to consider corporate governance
as well. Corporate governance is the legal as well as moral liability for example in certain
countries of the world it is mandatory to use a particular size of profit for fulfilling
Corporate Social Responsibilities. Not complying with the regulations related to critical
equipments may lead to mis-governance in the organization due to associated chaos
(Colicchia et al., 2019). This may again place the businesses like gas based plants in
disadvantageous position from legal perspective. Any controversy associated with the
business of gas supply may result in backlash from society as gas based plants are
operated in precarious environment which has wide impact over health of all living
resources in the particular region. Along with this, the effects related to mismanagement
of critical safety equipments may result in effects on mass population.
Business objectives
Another major section of business affected by the mismanagement of critical safety
equipments is the business objective. Not meeting business objectives is detrimental for
any business which is more evident in occupations like gas based plants which have high
impact on mass population (Nakandala & Lau, 2019). The business organizations work to

achieve objectives in time bound manner, if they are not able to meet the objectives, the
whole effort of business will become futile.
Advantages of asset management
There are several advantages of asset management which are as follows:
a) Ensured quality- due to good management of critical assets, the quality of gas supply is
ensured. There is no mixture of toxic elements along with removal of unwanted material
(Scholten et al., 2019). There has to be good quality for the gas supplying plant to remain
in business as any mismatch with quality may result in grievous situations. There are
many substances which get burn in air; if they are included in gas supply, ether may be
grave consequences which are mentioned above.
b) Timely delivery- if the critical safety equipments are managed properly, the delivery of
the gas will be timely with quality services for end consumers. This will make the
organization vibrant enough to cater to needs of customers along with flexible supply
with the peak and lean season (Annala et al., 2019).
c) Reduction of cost- maintenance of equipments reduces the input cost which in turn
affects the profitability. Along with this, the legal cost is reduced which saves the hard
earned money of company or gas plant. This will in turn makes the services of the gas
plant accessible to intended population at the profitable cost. in addition to this, the
competitive advantage is gained by the gas plant by assured profits even during the
economic turmoil or recession (Braziotis et al., 2019).
d) Prevention of occupational hazards- the occupational hazards are very costly for the
company in terms for legal cost and image and reputation. Preventing occupational
hazards prevent the expenditure on compensation and rehabilitation. Along with this,
may lives are saved from danger consequences of hazards associated with the use of gas
(Swierczek, 2019).
e) The least impact on environment- to prevent the environmental damage asset
maintenance is necessary. To make the least impact on environment the critical safety
equipments must be updated with the latest technology leading to less carbon foot print
and reduced environmental damage. There will be use of money saved on environment
costs for other benefits of gas plant which make it highly demandable among consumers
(Jääskeläinen & Heikkilä, 2019). The customers tend to buy services or products from
organization which make least impact on environment due to awareness regarding the
impacts of climate change.
Different maintenance strategies for CSEs
a) CSEs identification- There has to be good quality for the gas supplying plant to
remain in business as any mismatch with quality may result in grievous situations.
For this, there is need to identify Critical Safety Equipments (CSEs)
b) Concept analysis- the analysis of concept of CSE gives broad description about the
need of maintenance of CSEs in the plant. There will be use of all software tools to
analyse the concept thoroughly
c) Scope development- the scope of strategy of CSEs maintenance is identified along
with the necessary equipments to be maintained

d) Engineering design- the engineering designs are used to maintain CSEs by the use of
technical methods. There will be critical analysis of this approach which caters to
need of modern customers
e) Build and Install- CSEs will be build and installed in the premises of the gas based
plant with relative effects on associated developments.
Figure 2 Maintenance Strategies for CSEs
Chapter 4 Description of the Case Study
The case considered in this paper is a gas based plant operating in Minnesota region of
the country. The plant supplies cooking gas for households and ensures necessary gas
supply for industries as well (Ricardo Malagueño, 2019). The big industries which need
gas in high amount are dependable on Minnesota plant for their daily activities. Any
interruption in gas supply may lead to severe financial and man days lost for the
industries. Along with this, the interruption of supply to households will lead to chaos in
society due to unmet needs of cooking. Along with this, many households and industries
use gas supplied by plant to maintain the adequate temperature during winters. The gas is
used in vehicles for fuel purposes which makes commutation possible for number of
individuals who depend on supply of gas from the plant (Campos et al., 2019).
Overview of business model
The gas is supplied through buries as well as above ground pipelines. The gas is extracted
from coal bedded seams which contain methane (Khan et al., 2019). First of all, the
reservoir of gas is identified leading to extraction of gas from the particular geographic

location. Then it is converted into desired form depending on the needs of customers. The
impurities from gas are removed to make it a high quality product for consumers. After
this, the gas is supplied to individual customers through pipelines. The pipelines have
been constructed with the help of government with each household paying the cost of
lying of pipelines. The plant is operating in the region for last 10 years so have some
traditional customers which rely on the particular gas plant to meet all their gas needs.
This has resulted in establishment of brand image for the plant which supplies gas to
number of customers. The plant charges the customers based upon amount of gas used in
a month with payments on the 1st day of every month (Mora-Monge et al., 2019).
The online payment system is available with customers whereby the gas consumed by
each users get quantified through computer based system. This system sends regular
update to customers regarding the quality and amount of gas used by them. Along with
this, the bills are generated through this computer based system leading to online
payment depending amount of consumption of gas. The customers are regularly apprised
of frequently changing prices of amount to keep them updated with the latest information
regarding gas industry from the perspective of prices. This makes the plant highly
profitable leading to generation of revenue for its owners (Swierczek, 2019).
Organization structure
The plant hires about 2000 persons who work from gas reservoir identification to supply
through sound administrative structure. The hierarchical structure of the organization
makes it well managed plant with board of directors at the top level (Wiengarten et al.,
2019). Then, there are two vice-presidents who are chosen based on seniority. They
formulate policies and work in tandem with the mission and vision of the organization or
gas based plant. Next in the hierarchy is chief executing officer who deals with daily
execution of work of the plant. After this, chief manager is placed at subordinate position
to CEO. Then, there are different managers looking after the portfolio or departments
allocated to them.
The major departments of the plant are human resources, financial, monitoring and
reporting and supply (Melander & Pazirandeh, 2019). The manager of each department is
the head of it implementing the policies formulated by chief executives. The final
decision regarding critical safety equipments management is taken by Chief Executing
Officer who reports to executives. The actual execution of work is done by local level
employees who perform manual labour work to seamlessly extract and supply different
gas forms to customers. The workers are hired from the local population which is from
diverse backgrounds like citizens and non-citizens, students, blacks and whites with
different cultural backgrounds. This makes the organization flexible enough to cater to
needs of customers of diverse backgrounds.
Competitive advantages of plant
The plant is strategically located in the middle of city so ensuring effective supply chain
management leading to benefits of economies of scale working on the principle of mass

production. This makes the input cost get reduced leading to more profit for plant
(Gibilaro & Mattarocci, 2019). The plant is at competitively advantageous position with
number of loyal customers taking regular services from it for many years. Along with
this, the reservoir of gas is having gas in adequate quantity leading to less number of
concerns for depletion of resources which impacts the long term sustainability of plant.
The plant is economically viable for coming many years due to huge amount of gas
available along with coal bedded methane. But the plant generates lots of waste that
pollutes the environment. According to some reports, the number of birds and animals
has been decreasing since the plant was first founded in the region (Kataike et al., 2019).
Competitive disadvantages
The critical equipments like H2S sensors, valves, pumps, pressure systems, compressors
etc. are used in the process involving range of operations from gas extraction to supply.
The gas based plant uses the latest technology and equipments to prevent any health and
occupational hazard in the area of its operation. The various forms of gases extracted by
the plant are utilized by number of industries like FMCG, apparel, automobile and so on.
There has been use of complex technology to make various gas formations available for
the customers depending on need. So the plant needs technical persons who demand high
salary and wages. The position of plant in the middle of city makes it hard for company
to hire local population which is at wide geographic distance from plant (Cole et al.,
2019).
Along with this, the plant is generating backlash from society and environment
conservation. The green parties and international institutions are concerned with the
nature of plant as mineral extraction and depletion of resources. But, the plant is
supported by the government due its revenue generation potential for it. The gas extracted
by plant can be sold in international market which can earn valuable foreign exchange
reserves for the country (Delic et al., 2019). This impacts the national economy as a
whole with contribution to Gross Domestic Production (GDP).
Chapter 5 Audit/ Benchmarking Asset Management System
The audit is done once every year to assess the efficacy of Critical Safety Equipments
(CSEs). Along with this, the regular update regarding the use of CSEs is taken by chief
manager. This makes the CSEs use robust and ensured. The pressure vessels are used to
pressurize the gas at adequate pressure in pipelines (Malik et al., 2019). The chief
manager reports to different departments regarding audit conducted on timely basis. The
monthly reports are also generated by the department of Chief Manager which are
approved or disapproved by the different departments as per need. The various
departments conducts audit from their perspective to assess the safety level as far as
CSEs are concerned. This has prevented any major incident in the premises of plant since
the foundation of plant 10 years ago.

It has led to building of reputation among local population but the plant is not able to
prevent small occupational hazards like gas leakage leading to loss of efficiency, high
turnover due to health impacts for workers who execute the daily work and so on
(Chowdhury et al., 2019). Recently, the plant generated controversy regarding the use of
robots to extract the gas whereby the company used local people to go deep into mines to
extract the gas placing them in vulnerable position. This has led to deterioration of work
culture which in turn impacts the manpower associated with the plant.
Following diagram depicts the previous year record of plant as the percentage of profit
generation spent on maintenance of Critical Safety Equipments
Figure 3: Amount of profit spent on CSEs as a percentage of total profit
percentage of profit amount spent on CSEs
Equipment
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Chapter 6 Propose Improvement of the Asset Management System
Following improvement measures are suggested:
a) The responsibilities of each individual associated in work processes needs to be
determined to improve the management related to CSEs. Currently only theoretical
task is done without actually examining the safety level (Green et al., 2019). This
careless and indifferent attitude may result in major fire accident for workers as well
as customers
b) The audit held annually should be available for mid-term review along with
examining the issues of small scale accidents on the basis of monthly reports. There is

need to examine and remove the lacunae frequently without placing the interests of
business in danger (Chen & Chen, 2019).
c) The next suggestion is to make the relevant person answerable for mis-happenings in
the working of plant as far as CSEs are concerned. There has to be liability for
individual associated with any untoward incidents like gas leakage, wastage of gas,
dangerous process of gas extraction, lacunae in pipelines and so on.
d) The next suggestion is to keep CSEs updated with the latest technologies. This will be
helpful not only from environmental perspective but generate good economic
potential for the concerned gas plant (Merwe et al., 2019). The latest technologies are
available which make use of Artificial Intelligence to work out the processes in
relation to gas extraction, refinement, removal of impurities and supply. Robots can
be highly useful to work in such a risky business with the help of which vulnerability
of local persons hired for carrying out the work can be reduced
e) It is required to make health check up mandatory for each person associated with
manual handling of operational work of the plant (Farooque et al., 2019). This will
help in audits by calculating the exposure of workers to harmful substances. The limit
of exposure on monthly basis should be set up with the provision of change or
shifting of worker if the limit is exceeded. This will prevent the overexposure of
workers to toxic elements which may harm their health.
These improvement measures will be helpful to gain better insight over the issue of audit system
in the gas plant. The identification and assessment of toxic elements is necessary to eliminate
them or at-least mitigate their impact. Due to burgeoning population, the carbon footprint is
increasing leading to environmental impacts which in turn pollute the air that affects the health.
Along with this, there are direct impacts of exposure to toxic elements.
Chapter 7 Implementation of proposed improve asset management
system
To implement the above measures following change implementation has to be done:
a) Setting up of computer based audit system- the computer based maintenance of CSEs
along with record of data as per audits of different months will lead to robust mechanism
to deal with contingencies involved in the work processes. The record will help analyse
the data through sophisticated tools present online to deal with the complex algorithmical
problems associated with the data analysis. The modern technology or software lie Gabi
will help analyse the data in a better way. This will prevent occurrence of small scale
accident which are currently frequent in the plant premises.
b) Assigning responsibilities- the responsibility of each associated individual must be
assigned to make hi/her responsible. Along with this, there should be robust system to
make accountable person liable for proceedings or actions against lax or indifferent
shown by him/her while implementing the safety measures related to CSEs. The record

maintenance through computer system will help determine the lack on the part of person
who had been assigned responsible for act.
c) Set up of grievance redressal mechanism- to target the person who has committed
anything wrong in plant, the grievance redressal mechanism should be set up which
would help air the grievances before actual occurrence of the accident or hazard. Along
with this, it will be helpful to generate data regarding the use of CSEs while performing
daily work. The person having grievances against an individual will be able to register
complaints with the relevant authority. The chief manager should review the functioning
of grievance mechanism on regular basis.
d) Getting customer feedback- the survey or questionnaire methods can be used to find out
the effect of CSEs policy on market or customers of the plant. The survey can be done
online by asking already stipulated questions to customers with analysing the data
quantitatively.
Figure 4- 5 ways of implementation of proposed Asset management system
e) Regular audit
The audit must be done regularly to assess the level of efficacy of protection measures used
by the plant. The audit will reveal the critical safety equipments that need to be identified but
hitherto not recognized as CSEs. All CSEs along with other sophisticated instruments will be
classified among critical infrastructure assets leading to better maintenance. The equipments
will be prevented from damage that implies efficient functioning leading to more profit
Asset
Management
Regular audit
Assigning
reposnisbility
computer
records
grievance
redressal
mechanism
customer
feedback

margin for the plant. But its most important effect is on prevention of accidents occurring due
to mismanagement. Conducting audits regularly will lead to automatic update of
benchmarking register with generation of data to be analysed in future.
Conclusion
The case study considered in this paper pertains to a gas based plant in Minnesota which
supplies cooking gas to households through pipelines (Chowdhury et al., 2019). Along
with this the gas is supplied to industrial sectors which need it for manufacturing and
executing day to day work. The gas is first isolated from coal bedded methane areas,
Then, it is sent to intended refinery for extraction of pure methane. Finally, the gas
reaches to plant in Minnesota whereby it is converted to various forms for different uses.
After this, the gas is supplied to end consumers.
The gas is supplied through buries as well as above ground pipelines. The gas is extracted
from coal bedded seams which contain methane (Khan et al., 2019). First of all, the
reservoir of gas is identified leading to extraction of gas from the particular geographic
location. Then it is converted into desired form depending on the needs of customers. The
impurities from gas are removed to make it a high quality product for consumers. After
this, the gas is supplied to individual customers through pipelines. The pipelines have
been constructed with the help of government with each household paying the cost of
lying of pipelines. The plant is operating in the region for last 10 years so have some
traditional customers which rely on the particular gas plant to meet all their gas needs.
This has resulted in establishment of brand image for the plant which supplies gas to
number of customers. The plant charges the customers based upon amount of gas used in
a month with payments on the 1st day of every month (Mora-Monge et al., 2019).
Asset Integrity Management System (AIMS) is helpful to reduce the probability of
hazards occurring due to critical equipments present at operating site. Assets are valuable
for each company with maintenance of Safety Critical Equipments along with sound
strategy to prevent any accident that may cost men and material due to fatal accidents.
There must be provisions for proper asset management so that all assets are utilized with
utmost efficiency without placing anyone in hazardous position.
The environment damage due to any disaster impacts the biodiversity of the area with
birth of physically and mentally handicapped children (Aboah et al., 2019). The
environmental damage may result in chaos and detrimental effects for generations
leading to various health issues for all the associated species of plants and animals. This
may result in permanent ecological damage that will be unable to revived by any
scientific or natural method. The geochemical cycles of earth are sustainable naturally
due to capacity of environment to maintain the cycle without causing permanent
environment damage. But, the impacts of disasters at premises of business buildings
associated with critical equipments disturb these biogeochemical cycles which interrupt
the natural flow of processes occurring in the nature (Yang et al., 2019).

Occupational hazards may result in grievous physical loss like loss of limbs, vision and other
sensory abilities (Kalaitzi et al., 2019). In the most severe situations, it may result in loss of lives
of number of people associated or not associated with the business. The effects of business
operations on persons involved in the particular occupation will result in grievous loss of men
leading to breach of rights of workers. The gas based plants must use all precautionary measures
to maintain the critical equipments related to any activity.

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