ENG305 Safety, Risk & Reliability: Designing a Safe Recycling Plant

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of safety, risk, and reliability considerations in the design of a scrap glass recycling plant. It begins with an introduction highlighting the importance of safety in plant design and operation. The report then delves into risk analysis and mitigation strategies, addressing hazards such as fire, explosion, environmental concerns, operational risks, and health risks associated with pollution and electromagnetic fields. Mitigation processes are discussed in detail, including controlling flammable emissions, implementing environmental safeguards, and ensuring staff well-being. The analysis and critique section examines risk assessment methodologies, including the use of risk triplets, event trees, and fault trees. Finally, the report offers recommendations for enhancing safety, emphasizing the need for a systemic approach to risk management and continuous improvement in plant design and operational procedures. This document is available on Desklib, a platform offering a wide range of study resources for students.

Running head: SAFETY, RISK AND RELIABILITY
Safety, risk and reliability
Name of the student:
Name of the university:
Author Note

1SAFETY, RISK AND RELIABILITY
Executive summary
Here the case designing of plant, recycling scrap glasses is demonstrated. A rising urgency has been
there regarding the design of various plants. It is helpful to optimize various aspects of safety and
allow a various activities to continue. Moreover, there is a designing of various plant items that is to
be done by engineering who are largely expert in that sector. Here different elements of the plants
and its activities are to be selected. Further, various recommendations are provided according to
security. Again, as per the current scenario, various risk analysis, mitigation techniques are
demonstrated here. Then the risks are analyzed with proper criticism.

2SAFETY, RISK AND RELIABILITY
Table of Contents
1. Introduction:......................................................................................................................................3
2. Risk analysis and mitigation:.............................................................................................................3
3. Analysis and critique:......................................................................................................................11
4. Recommendations for safety:..........................................................................................................15
5. Conclusion:......................................................................................................................................17
6. References:......................................................................................................................................19

3SAFETY, RISK AND RELIABILITY
1. Introduction:
The following study analyzes the designing of a plant that recycles scrap glasses. There is a
rising necessity to assure that the design of different important items of the plants and layout are
done. This is to optimize every aspects of safety and permit an effective operation. Here, the
designing of every plant items are done by other engineers who are highly expert in that area.
In this report various elements of the plant and its activities are selected. A series of
recommendations are discussed regarding security. In order to understand the present scenario, risk
analysis and mitigations are done. Then it is analyzed and criticized.
2. Risk analysis and mitigation:
Risks Analysis Mitigation process
Hazards of fire and explosion The fire is a common hazard to
the plant processing and
operations. This is caused as
proper maintenance of detectors
and alarms are done suitably.
Different factors behind this are
the failure of various electrical
equipments, unsuitable
handling of raw materials to the
plan processing. Apart from
this there are also carelessness
arising from operator side to
This includes the controlling of
emissions of flammable mist,
gases and vapors. There is use
of ventilation system for
controlling vapors as the
abnormal and normal
conditions goes on. The
ignition sources are to be
eradicated from the plants.
Different systems are to be
installed for detecting leaks of
flammable vapors and gases

4SAFETY, RISK AND RELIABILITY
plant sites. The current plan has
comprised of chemical damage
systems and various other tools
that are results of explosions
and loss of containment
(Aragonés-Beltrán et al., 2014).
Besides, the hackers are also
able t6o hack fire systems and
develop different false alarms
rendering the unreliable
and help to undertake activities
to be taken. Further,
intrinsically secure and
flameproof equipments are to
be used. Moreover, substituting
flammable materials for the
ones that are less flammable
and combustible are to be used.
Besides, incompatible materials
like oils and oxidizers are to be
assured that are segregated and
separated (Kim, Lee & Jung,
2017). Moreover, different
combustible and flammable
quantities are to be reduced that
includes items contributing to
fire load. However, they are
harmful chemicals themselves
like oils and wooden pallets.
Here, tools used in controlling
flammable hazardous chemicals
are to be ensured to maintain
accordance to instructions of
manufacturers. Then there

5SAFETY, RISK AND RELIABILITY
should be adopting g of proper
housekeeping practices in
minimizing accumulation of
combustible dusts.
Environmental hazards The process plants are
comprised of internal and
external surrounding of the
plants. Here, the environmental
factors are the security,
drainage, fences and bunds of
emissions and operators from
various process plants and
waste products coming from
plants (Halpin & Officer,
2016). Further, there are waste
products that are coming from
plants as outputs for the overall
environment. Here, the adverse
scenario gets affected because
of chlorofluorocarbons. This
plant gets handled by acids that
are provided with large impacts
over the environment across the
process plant
Here post-consumer glass is
the alternate. This is effective
equally and lowering cost
binder agent strategies for
backfilling. This is
implemented to assist in
decreasing backfilling energy
expenses. Thus it can ultimately
eradicate the reduction of green
house gas emissions. This is
generated by the plant. Further,
extensive engineering testing,
comprising of pipe flow loop
tests and tests of strengths can
be induced to undertake
technical feasibility of process
integration under the industry
(Noli & Tsamos, 2016).
Financial assessments has
discussed that the glass is

6SAFETY, RISK AND RELIABILITY
competitive for cost relative to
cements. Moreover, the socio
economic studies have
indicated that the use of glass in
the plan can generate latest
market for waste glass. This
needs less processing with cost
reduction.
Operational hazards Staffs of the organization can
get unsatisfied with their
profession. They can turn into
disgruntled. This has led to
particular kinds of sabotage of
employees. Here the employees
are angry over management
team and organizational
processes that have started to
slack the efforts. At social
media threats, as the attacker
compromises the social
networking sire through
malicious codes, the visitor gets
susceptible to attacks
(Thongthammachart, Pimkotr
The first mitigation plan is
prevention. The regulatory
actions, government and
administrative must influence
the methods the plant
developed can reduce loses of
hazards. This includes storm
water management, regulations,
open space preservations,
capital improvement initiates,
laws of flood plains and
planning and zone. Then there
must be public awareness and
education. This is to inform
citizens and elected officials
regarding the ways and hazards

7SAFETY, RISK AND RELIABILITY
& Jinsart, 2017). Further, there
is a probability of plane crash
ion that plant. Hence the
complete plant gets damaged
and impacts the overall
business activities of the plant.
Further, there are also scopes of
loss of important information of
the business
to mitigate them. This involves
outreach projects, and hazard
information centers (Chen &
Liou, 2016). Next, there is
natural resource protection.
This minimizes persevering,
restoring the functions of
natural systems. This also
involves erosion and sediment
control, streaming corridor
restorations, watershed
management, and wetland
preservation and restoration
(Gunnlaugsson, 2016). Next,
there is emergency services that
secure protect the plants
immediately after the hazard
event. This includes protection
of essential facilities,
emergency response services
and warning systems. Then
there is structural project where
the activities include
constructions of strictures to

8SAFETY, RISK AND RELIABILITY
decrease the effect of the
hazard. This includes retaining
walls, setback levees, secured
rooms and floodwalls.
Risks regarding health from
pollution rising from various
power generation tasks
It occurs mainly from burning
coals. Various microscopic
chemical elements and different
pollutants get released into air
with different smokestacks that
are situated at pulverized
facilities of coal combustions. It
happen wide array of different
health issues for various
communities who are located
about a hundreds of miles from
the plant. Here the elements
cause damages to circulatory
and respiratory systems (Orita
et al., 2015). Here the particles
are linked to rise in rates of
asthma, coughing and risks of
infant death. Here, the
cardiovascular disease is a
popular concern in this type of
Here the emissions must be
controlled strictly to minimize
pollutions. Here, various tools
are the compulsory perquisites
and must be specified under
contract document. Emission
will have to be strictly
controlled to minimize
pollution. The following
equipments are compulsory
requirements and should be
specified in the contract
document. Firstly, electrostatic
precipitators or bag filter
houses are vital and can capture
most of the particles of fly
ashes. This distinct fly ash must
be handled pneumatically and
stored in silos as a beneficial
by-product use. Here, the

9SAFETY, RISK AND RELIABILITY
coal based air pollution. As
these elements enter the
circulatory systems, they
damage through oxidation and
inflammation.Here, the process
of inflammation constricts
blood vessels that causes of rise
in risks of various
cardiovascular diseases. This
includes strokes and heart
attacks and can result in death.
Here, the power plant emissions
are also lined to rise in rates of
asthma rates with chemical and
dust particles that are released
by facilities known to as
respiratory irritants
output of the fly-ash in every
plat is 4200 ton per day (Gong
et al., 2018). Further, the flue-
gas desulphurization of FGD is
a tool that uses chemical
scrubbers for removing
sulphur-dioxide coming from
exhaust flue gas. Besides, SCR
or selective catalyst reduction
can be deployed to eradicate
nitrogen oxide coming from
boiler exhaust. Here, the system
uses ammonia for decreasing
nitrogen oxide through catalysts
o different simple nitrogen
which is a harmless inert gas.
This is an important application
as an imported coal having
huge content of nitrogen.
Health risk caused by
electromagnetic fields in
electricity distribution
Here most of the researches
into this concern has focused on
seeking out whether the
magnetic field are the causes of
cancers and can assist
Here the share of electricity
creation from all kinds of
technologies has assumed that
most of the available resources
are not exceeded. This energy

10SAFETY, RISK AND RELIABILITY
developments of cancerous
conditions. Additional impacts
as examined have miscarriages
of depression and diseases of
Alzheimer. Despite the
researches, there are no
persuasive proofs that are posed
by the field regarding health
risks. Here, the results obtained
have highlighted that there are
any risks (Li, Ma & Yang,
2018). As per a review
published by WHO or World
Health Organization in June
2007, usage of exposure
guidelines published by
International Commission over
Non-ionizing radiation
protections with low cost
measures for reducing
exposures. Here, this can be
achieved readily
available is to be analyzed at
regional basis, assuring that
every assumption are met in
principle. The quantities of
biomass required from the
available residues are needed to
be purpose-grown. This can be
constrained by water and land
availability. Ad there are
various uncertainties in this
regard, there must be enough
production that must be
possible the area of the plant
(Farfan & Breyer, 2017).

11SAFETY, RISK AND RELIABILITY
3. Analysis and critique:
To analyze the risks the elements to be asked are as follows:
Figure 1: “The risk triplets”
(Source: Harrison & Lock, 2017)
These three questions are known as risk triplets. The engineers refer to this method as PRA
or probabilistic risk assessment while analyzing risks at nuclear power plants. Here the analysis has
been using and calculations to seek answers to risk triplet questions and generate tools known as
event there and various fault trees (Mokhtar, Hassim & Taib, 2014). Here, the trees have been
mapping out possible methods and likelihoods to reach the desirable and undesirable results in
organized way. Here the engineers use those maps to understand and create nuclear power plant
risks. This event tree begins with initiating events and tracking various provable event outcomes to
prevent and reach the undesirable outcome. Further, the following elements can be concluded from
the above action plans.