Unit 17: Understanding and Leading Change in Sainsbury's

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Unit 17 –
Understanding and Leading Change
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Table of Contents
Introduction...................................................................................................................... 4
LO1.................................................................................................................................. 5
P1 Compare different organizational examples where there has been an impact of
change on an organization’s strategy and operations...................................................5
M1 Assess the different drivers for change in each of the given examples and the
types of organizational change they have affected.......................................................7
LO2.................................................................................................................................. 8
P2 Evaluate the ways in which internal and external drivers of change affect
leadership, team and individual behaviours within an organisation..............................8
P3 Evaluate measures that can be taken to minimise negative impacts of change on
organisational behaviour...............................................................................................9
M2 Apply appropriate theories and models to critically evaluate organisational
response to change.................................................................................................... 11
D1. Draw conclusions and recommendations with valid justifications for planning
effectively for change and applying change impact analysis......................................13
LO3................................................................................................................................ 14
P4 Explain different barriers to change and determine how they influence leadership
decision-making in a given organisational context......................................................14
M3 Use force field analysis to analyse the driving and resisting forces and show how
they influence decision-making...................................................................................16
D2 critically evaluate the use of force field analysis in the context of meeting
organisational objectives.............................................................................................17
LO4................................................................................................................................ 18
P5 Apply different leadership approaches to dealing with change in a range of
organisational contexts...............................................................................................18
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M4 Evaluate the extent to which leadership approaches can deliver organisational
change effectively applying appropriate models and frameworks...............................20
D3 Critically evaluate the effectiveness of leadership approaches and models of
change management..................................................................................................21
Conclusion..................................................................................................................... 22
References:....................................................................................................................23
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Introduction
Understanding and Leading changes are about the challenges that hinder the
organisational in accomplishing their objectives during the period of time. It also focuses
on nurturing a strong culture that can develop in the company for their future
growth.Sainsbury is among the four largest chains of supermarkets in the United
Kingdom. Sainsbury was founded in 1869, the name of their founder was John James
Sainsbury. Initially, this is started with a small retailer shop in Drury Lane, London.
Currently, this company is divided into three industries that are Banking industry,
Supermarket industry and Agriculture industry. In this study, there will be discussion
regarding the strategy, operations, type of leadership style in Sainsbury, measures to
control the adverse impact of organisational behaviour, and appropriate theories will be
discussed.
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LO1
P1 Compare different organizational examples where there has been an
impact of change on an organization’s strategy and operations.
Change in an organization can be defined as the transformation which occurs in the
business major sections or strategies which organization needs to alter. In other words,
change in a company can be considered as restructuring, turn around and
reorganization. Change is a basic part of any business to make growth in the respective
field. It also helps in bringing improvement in the respective market position and adapt
to the current environment. All the manager of the business must prepare for accepting
the change in their business. Sainsbury’s is one of the leading supermarkets in the UK.
It always brings change to improve its marketing skills and make its customer satisfied
and happy (Wang et al., 2012).
Technology: It is important that every business must deal with. It enhances the rate of
productivity and performance of the business. Sainsbury’s used technology in its
business to bring growth and maximize its reach to deal with the new and existing
customer.
Example: As Sunbury’s applies technology in its business and gives a positive impact
on organization strategies and operation. Since the previous organization strategies
work on manually and now the performance is more accurate due to the technology of
information technology, in marketing department technology offers the easiest method
of promotional and evaluation of total sales and total revenue will generate easily.
Environment: A business needs to understand the value of an organizational
environment and receive several inputs from it and implement according to the input
and sell its product into the same environment. In the case of Sunbury’s the
environmental factors are suppliers, market or economics.
Example: Business will effect by external environment also. So every organization will
require understanding the value of the external environment and making the decision by
concern about these aspects. As other factors are social, political and economical are
the external factor which influences the organizational growth in its manner. It may be
positive or negative but if the organization takes a major decision after considering all
the external aspects. It will be turned into a positive impact on it.
Product: In the large business, full product and the service range determine its
organizational growth. Business depends on what it offers to the customer, and the
expectation matched or not (Tomoaia, et al., 2013).
Example: Change in the product will also bring a positive impact on the organization
because it attracts the number of customers towards its service and it will convert into
the right amount of sales. But the product must be favourable by the customers and
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according to their requirements. It is a positive change in the aspect of organizational
strategies.
These changes effect on the organizational strategies in a positive manner, but some
changes may produce negatively also. The company wants to reduce the effect of those
strategies, but in some situation or condition, the organization will not mitigate the
aspect. Adverse effects are like the change in the recruitment process. According to the
time employees are hired according to their skills, but in the previous strategy of
recruitment, employment according to their abilities. If the competencies and job
requirement was matched, it was considered but now the qualification is the basic
requirement which is, but the sometime candidate has not skilled for performing that in a
better manner.
According to the time and its strategy of change, Sainsbury’s brings change in the
product, marketing strategies, promotional strategies and many more. As the
requirement of time customer’s needs is the difference so that the service provider
creates its approach as per the customer requirement. Sainsbury includes daily some
new products in its store by which it increases customer rate throughout time (Sharma,
2017).
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M1 Assess the different drivers for change in each of the given examples
and the types of organizational change they have affected.
Types of Organizational Change are given below -
Organizational Major changes- Major Change: It is a large scale modification or
transformation which affects the entire company. It includes the restructuring in the
leadership, introducing new technology in the organization or accumulation of new
policy. For example, Companywide change needs to pre-planned because it needs to
be pre-protected the result of evolution may affect other employees and positive and
negative depends on the change strategies of organizational.
Transformational Change- This change represents the continuous change which is
shift or change according to the priorities, culture or strategies of the organization.
Organizational change provides direction to the transformational change. The factors of
transformational change are social climate, cultural trends, and technological progress.
These strategies also support transformation. The concept of this approach is achieved
but the transformational change. Example: Implementation of the cultural and significant
strategic shift. Transformational change of Sainsbury’s is good food at affordable price
and growth in non-food ranges (Schoemaker et al., 2013).
Personal Change: In this type of change in the organization are related to mass hiring
or recruitment process. These change may cause a significant difference in employee
engagement and morale for worse or better. Large-scale hiring needs more effort in
training for new employees. In Sainsbury’s mass recruitment require training session
and development progress which support the growth of the organization but may
interrupt the existing situation of organizational. Layoff brings anxiety or fear factor in
employees. These kinds of the decision of organization change may create low morale
in the employees. The organization must motivate or inspire its worker or employees to
work harder as much they can.
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LO2
P2 Evaluate the ways in which internal and external drivers of change
affect leadership, team and individual behaviours within an organisation.
Changes affect each and everybody in the organisation. It's not only about employees,
but leaders got affected by the move as well. Transitions are never easy for an
organisation to adapt quickly and there are many internal and external factors which
drive changes in the organisation. These changes made a significant impact on the
leadership, team and individual behaviours in the organisation. These changes could be
for either for long term or the short term. The following are the internal and external
factors that drive changes:
Internal factors
Employees – Workforce of any organisation are an essential part of the organisation.
At Sainsbury, they have hundreds of employees. Employees help the company to run
its services quickly without any interruption. If a company is planning any required
changes in the company, the company should consider its employees so they can work
with more efficiency.
Work Culture – The work culture of the company is providing a healthy working
environment for the employees. It helps employees to stretch their abilities of learning
and to improve their skills. At Sainsbury, they encourage employees to work harder with
various reward schemes (Akter, 2012).
External factors
Competitors – Competitors are one of the significant external factors which drive
changes in the organisation. Competitors made Sainsbury rethink about their strategies.
Applying those strategies into the organisation, drive changes. Competitors and their
plans help the company to make the required changes in the organisation to stay for a
longer run in this competitive atmosphere.
Customers – Customers plays an essential role in deciding and applying some of the
significant changes in the company. Sainsbury has a substantial number of loyal
customers. The company always try to provide the best services to its customers they
would be happy with the organisation and its policies.
Suppliers – Suppliers from all over the world are a big part of Sainsbury. Suppliers help
the company to provide better products and services to the customers on time. The
company has to make changes according to their requirement.
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P3 Evaluate measures that can be taken to minimise negative impacts of
change on organisational behaviour.
Below are the following measures to overcome the adverse impact of organisational
behaviour:
 Discuss the needs for controls: Sainsbury’s management is very concern
about their rules and regulation because putting the regulation on employees is
putting the adverse effect on the organisation’s growth. The management team
of Sainsbury should discuss with their employee about the need for rules and
regulations. They should explain in a way like “Rules and regulations will help
you all in making the accurate judgement about your performance standards”.
Once employee will understand the importance of rules and regulations than they
will succour the organisation in accomplishing the objectives during the period of
time (Nanjundeswaraswamy and Swamy, 2014).
 Pragmatic standards: It means that performance standards should be realistic
and achievable for the employee because standards should motivate the
employee instead of creating pressure on them. When standards are pragmatic,
then it’s also become easier for the Sainsbury to allow the target according to the
strength, weakness and power of the employee.
 Rewards and Recognition system: Currently in Sainsbury R&R programs are
running, but still, employees are not showing the excitement for this that is
putting the adverse effect of the organisational behaviour. Management
sometimes incurred big losses because the employee did not complete their
targets on time. So, Sainsbury’s management should award an employee with
more extra monetary benefit and other benefits because that will motivate all the
employee to participate in R&R programs of the company and they try very hard
and smartly to complete their targets on time.
 Sainsbury should start using AI: AI is the Artificial Intelligence that means the
company should automate their process as much as possible. By automating the
process human interference will become zero and robots will complete the task
with 100% accuracy and reliability. Automation process also completes the task
on time without any delay as long as the process is powered by powerful
processors. This is a very costly process that the company will recover this cost
very much faster as the salary for employees will not be debited from the
company’s accounts.
 Minimise the health risks of the computer system: Sainsbury should take
care for the health of their computer systems because it has been noted that
unhealthy computer processor also plays the important role in the delay of
targets. By managing the system effectively and efficiently, management can
expect better performance from the departments.
 Communication methods: Communication is the core of any relationship either
of the company to clients, company to employees, top-level management to low-
level management, etc. The barrier in communication creates major
misunderstandings and conflicts; this confusion makes the targets difficult to
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achieve, delay in completion of work, improper attitude, etc. Management should
use different methods of communication like face 2 face, voice 2 voice, via official
email, and via official chatbox, because effective communication is the great
sword for eliminating the challenges that hinder the organisation’s growth
(Montano and Kasprzyk, 2015).
 Innovation: Innovation can also succour the organisation in expanding its
existing customer base and expanding its share in the market. Sainsbury should
introduce or open new chains so the new customer will fascinate, and the
company will acquire more market shares.
 Feedback measure: Management should give feedback to each and every
employee for succouring them in the complexion of their targets effectively and
efficiently. The employee needs the guidance of their team leaders in carrying
out their work more systematically (Lunenburg, 2012).
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M2 Apply appropriate theories and models to critically evaluate
organisational response to change.
Below are the 2 change management theories that evaluate organisational response to
change:
Kotter’s theory:
This theory defines that give less attention to the change itself and focus more attention
on the people behind it. Kotter’s theory focuses on creating demand in the market,
making the strategic and long term vision, reduce the hinder and barriers, make short
term goals and complete them (Johansen, 2012).
Figure 1: Kotter’s theory
Source: By Author, (2019).
Kotter’s theory force to mark the foundation stone for achieving success milestone by
creating demand for an emergency in the market and acquire a huge market share. This
theory helps in developing ethics related to business for accomplishing the objectives.
Adkar’s model:
It focuses on achieving the 5 objectives of the organisation mentioning below:
1. Knowledge – On how to adapt the new emerging changes in the market.
2. Ability – To adapt the required skills and uses those skills in the organisation.
3. Reinforcement – To sustain the new forms.
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Building core
importance
Creating
Demand
Opportunit
y analyse
Sustain
acceleratio
n
Short term
goals
Reduce
barrier
Long term
vision

4. Desire – To take a participant in the organisation and adopt the changes that are
required for the business.
5. Awareness – To judge when and why time comes for changes.
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