Management and Operations: A Sainsbury's PLC Case Study

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MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................3
LO1........................................................................................................................................... 4
P1 DEFINE AND COMPARE THE DIFFERENT ROLES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF A LEADER
AND A MANAGER................................................................................................................. 4
LO2........................................................................................................................................... 7
P2 EXAMINE EXAMPLES OF HOW THE ROLE OF A LEADER AND THE FUNCTION OF A
MANAGER APPLY IN DIFFERENT SITUATIONAL CONTEXTS...................................................7
P3 APPLY DIFFERENT THEORIES AND MODELS OF APPROACH, INCLUDING SITUATIONAL
LEADERSHIP, SYSTEMS LEADERSHIP AND CONTINGENCY..................................................10
CONCLUSION.......................................................................................................................... 14
REFERENCES........................................................................................................................... 16

Table of Figures
Figure 1: FUNCTIONS OF MANAGER IN SAINSBURY.................................................................9
Figure 2: Situational Leadership Theory.................................................................................11
Figure 3: Contingency Leadership Theory..............................................................................12
Figure 4: System Leadership Theory.......................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
In this assignment, the organization has various operational activities which have been done
by the manager and leader; they operate several approaches and strategies for managing
different organizational tasks and activities. The operation and management have involved
in administration operational activities which makes them effectively in performance and
enhance productivity. In this assignment, discuss the operational activities of one of the
largest superstore and supermarket organization Sainsbury PLC. It is mention in this
assignment that the role of leader for performing effectively and the role of manager to
manages management operational activities.
In the last portion of the assignment, there is a presentation which describes the various
approaches and strategies which has been concluded by the manager and leader to manage
all operational and management activities. It also represents the value of approaches and
strategies applicable in organization Sainsbury PLC. There are various assumptions and
methods discussed for managing operations of the organization.

LO1
P1 DEFINE AND COMPARE THE DIFFERENT ROLES AND CHARACTERISTICS
OF A LEADER AND A MANAGER
DEFINITION OF THE LEADER
A simple meaning of Leader is to lead people in appropriate directions and performing
various tasks by motivating and encouraging others. The leader makes effective plans,
procedure and influences others to execution of tasks and activities for achieving
organizational objectives (Norman et al., 2015). Effectual skills and dedication towards work
make leader essential personality and it also helps for him to influence others, that is the
reason all members of the organization follow the leader. Le4ader is the person who pushes
up to the organization position to the top and makes effective benefits in the favour of the
organization (Norman et al., 2015).
DEFINITION OF THE MANAGER
A manager is a person who controls and manages organizational and administration
activities and performing tasks. The manager plays an essential role in the organization for
managing every department ineffective way while performing their duties along with the
enhancing productivity. The manager personality needs various etiquettes and skills
required which helps him/her from performing effectively. A manager has certain rights to
manage staff along with with the responsibilities of performing effectively to achieve
desired objectives of the organization (Nesler et al., 2013).
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LEADER
Motivate and encourage others
Being an effectual leader who leads to others by motivating and encouraging which helps
the organization for achieving desired objectives and also helpful for enhancing the
productivity of employees. A leader motivates and encourages employee by emotionally
and remove all the threats which have been faced by employees (McCleskey, 2014).
Excellent Communication
Every leader has various qualities and skills which make them special and effective but the
most essential skills are communication. With the help of effective communication, a leader
can able to do the right things in the right way. When a leader communicates effectively
about plans, procedure and other organizational activities, it makes a unique impression to
employees and they are more productive to meet organizational goals (McCleskey, 2014).

Consistency
A leader with consistency in their work helps to gain respect by employees and they also
motivated from the leader’s action (McCleskey, 2014). All the essential work done in
respected duration can make a good leader. Consistency in the leader helps to manage staff
because the impact on others will be the same as leader react. If the leader opts discipline
so other employees also in the proper discipline (McCleskey, 2014).
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MANAGER
Time Management
The best manager has various qualities to manage operational activities of the organization
in an effective manner but the most effective skill to manage time duration which helps to
manage various activities in a given time interval. Best manager allows the right work to the
right people at the right time and which helps to achieve the oriented target given by the
manager to employees (Nesler et al., 2013).
Respects for Employees
Managers are manager organizational activities and these activities contain operational
tasks, coordination between employees, performance evaluation, and completion of works
in specific time duration. So, the manager has to give proper attention to the employer as
well as an employee for shows the importance of them for a healthy environment at the
workplace (Rice, 2013).
Technological Literate
In this competitive world, every leader should have to be upgraded in each field. Taking
about technology advancement, the leader should have proper knowledge about innovative
technology and also the uses of that which helps to teach other employees and make
examples to others. Technological literacy is essential approaches opting by the manager to
do work with creatively and innovatively (Nesler et al., 2013).
Knowledge and Experience
An experienced manager can manage effectively organizational activities and various tasks
and the knowledge level of the manager helps in identifying and resolving organizational
problems and issues (Nesler et al., 2013). It should be required to manage various tasks and
activities occur in the organization.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE LEADER AND THE MANAGER
CATEGORIES LEADER MANAGER
Objectives Leader draw the image of success
for the organization and describe
the vision to convert into actuality
Manager form objectives or goals and
this helps to manage organizational
activities according to that.
Role and
Responsibility
The leader has to make relations
with the employer and employees
in resolving their issues and
enhancing performance.
The manager creates plans, policies
and procedures for employees to do
work systematically (Aarts et al., 2013).
Personality Every leader has a unique identity
and this identity make them
famous (Aarts et al., 2013).
The manager has copied personality,
they develop skills and manages the
same work with the same ideas.
Risk Taking
Ability
Taking strategically and other
changes are done by the leader
which has the risk of failure but
they take chances.
The manager helps to control risks in
the execution of strategies and
approaches or also control the effect
of external factors.
Followers and
Employees
An effective leader has many
followers (Aarts et al., 2013).
Best manager have potential
employees (Nesler et al., 2013).

LO2
P2 EXAMINE EXAMPLES OF HOW THE ROLE OF A LEADER AND THE
FUNCTION OF A MANAGER APPLY IN DIFFERENT SITUATIONAL CONTEXTS
ROLE OF LEADER IN SAINSBURY
Representative of organization
A leader is the representative of the organization, leader organizes a various workshop,
general meetings, conferences and seminars to represent the updates about the external
factors and provide information about the innovative and creative approaches. The leader
also shares new performance techniques to enhance the productivity of the employees
(Stevenson and Sum, 2015).
As a friend, guide and photosphere
A leader can be a friend and a guide who direct employees and other staff to work
efficiently and effectively in a healthy environment. A leader always listens to their problems
and issues and try to fix it (Stevenson and Sum, 2015). Sometimes employee union makes
some crunches in the procedure so the leader is the person who resolves all the problems.
Ensuring efficiency and effectiveness in operations
The leader is able to enhance organizational performance by motivation and encouraging
employees. Leader motivated emotionally and directs them to good direction and also
teaches them about the process in an effective way (Stevenson and Sum, 2015). It is helpful
to get effectual direction in the organizational process which helps to achieve desired
objectives.
Ensure the achievement of organizational goals
The role of a leader makes the effective work culture in the organization that helps to get
the desired objective in the organization. There are various stages come in managing and
operating organizational activities with many peoples. The leader plays an essential role in
achieving various tasks and these tasks help to meet with the desired goal of the
organization (Stevenson and Sum, 2015).
FUNCTIONS OF MANAGER IN SAINSBURY
Planning
In this most important function contains forecasting reports and a bunch of objective of the
organization, planning helps to identify future objective for organization development and
provide some effectual outcome. Planning is like to increase sales, increase revenue.

Manager of Sainsbury has organized proper objective and proper procedure to achieve all
these. Planning of systematic employees activities and monitoring their performance and
provide effective directions (Rice, 2013).
Organizing
Manager of the organization and its functions are to manage teams effectively and manages
all the resources which can help in achieving short term and long term objectives. The
function of the manager is the execution of all planning policies and steps taken for the
development of the organization (Rice, 2013). The real function of the manager is to allow
activity and a particular task to the individual employee and provide resources to complete
it (Rice, 2013).
Staffing
The function of the manager in the organization manages to employees by recruiting and
selecting potential employees into the mix. All the necessary training and learning activities
conducted for employees to provide essential information about the work. Staffing is to
make ready employees for different roles and responsibility which has been directed by the
manager of the organization (Rice, 2013).
Figure 1: FUNCTIONS OF MANAGER IN SAINSBURY
Source: Rice, (2013)
Directing and leading
The manager also makes various activities for providing direction to employees and guides
them for the betterment in their performance which could be beneficiary for him and
organization too. The manager provides directions to team members for completing their
task and activities within the time duration. The manager makes proper plans and
procedures for the employees to guide them in an effective manner (Nesler et al., 2013).

Monitoring
Evaluating and monitoring the performance and productivity of employees in different
parameters, which is helpful to find different reports on employee’s performance. Analysis
of the performance in each stage of employees works procedure which gives the results for
their performance and provides them new allocation. Analysis of particular employee
performance by giving task and observing the process of completion provide effectual
knowledge about the evaluation process of the employee (Rice, 2013).
Controlling
Control over the complex situation occurs in the organization during the evaluating
performance of the employees. Some employees are not that productive for their outcomes
and the manager has to make some elimination for managing the performance of the
organization. The manager should have to make an alteration in cost deduction in various
activities. Managers have to make proper forecasting and make essential plans to control
over the organizational situation and this lead to the betterment of employees performance
(Rice, 2013).

P3 APPLY DIFFERENT THEORIES AND MODELS OF APPROACH, INCLUDING
SITUATIONAL LEADERSHIP, SYSTEMS LEADERSHIP AND CONTINGENCY
MODELS and APPROACHES FOR LEADERSHIP
Situational Leadership Theory
The theory of situational leadership has been given by Mr Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard
which has been given in 1969. This leadership theory represents two processes; one of the
leader’s effectiveness approaches in the organization and second is the preparedness of
employees (Boons et al., 2013). The situational leadership theory has four main approaches
which represent the actual situation and role of the leader in Sainsbury (Boons et al., 2013).
Telling: In this approach, the leader gives instructions to employees to what to do according
to the decision taken by the leader (Northouse, 2018).
Selling: this approach, the leader gives instruction but in proper communication, this
communication process to provide detailing to employees.
Participating: in this approach, the leader involves team members activities and collecting
ideas and opinions about the particular decision (Northouse, 2018).
Delegating: the leader has given responsibility to team members to take decision according
to them but complete their work in a given time period.
Figure 2: Situational Leadership Theory
Source: Northouse (2018)
Contingency Leadership Theory
The contingency theory of leadership has been introduced in 1960 by Fred Fiedler.
According to Fred Fiedler, there is no any leadership model or any approaches for making
effective and efficient, it's all dependent upon the leader how he handles and manages the

situation (Cherry, 2018). This theory of leadership urges that the leader should be allocated
in an unstructured work environment which identifies the ability and capability of managing
organizational activities by using their knowledge and effectual skills. This theory has a scale
parameter which identifies the type of leader with the Least Preferred Co-worker Scale (LPC)
(Cherry, 2018).
Figure 3: Contingency Leadership Theory
Source: Cherry (2012)
High Least Preferred Co-worker Score (People Oriented): Leader has excellent
interpersonal skills which help to complete task and activities by others.
Low Least Preferred Co-worker Score (Task Oriented): Leader completed their tasks and
activities by focusing on it (Cherry, 2018).
System Leadership Theory
It refers to the process where all the peoples from different department follow the
procedure and a condition which has been creating by the leader (Metcalf and Benn, 2013).
In this theory, it makes system structures and organizational strategies for achieving desired
objectives of the leader. It is a kind of tools which is helpful for the leader to forecast the
behaviour of employees and make work according to them. This theory is helpful for getting
productive behaviour in the organization by managing all activities effectively (Metcalf and
Benn, 2013).
Figure 4: System Leadership Theory
Source: Metcalf and Benn (2013)