Organizational Behavior Report: Sainsbury's Performance Analysis

This report provides an in-depth analysis of organizational behavior within Sainsbury's, a leading UK supermarket chain. The report begins by examining the influence of organizational power, politics, and culture on individual and team performance, exploring various power dynamics such as coercive, reward, legitimate, referent, and informational power. It then delves into the impact of organizational politics, highlighting how factors like a negative work environment, changes in employee attitudes, and reduced productivity can affect performance. The study also applies Handy's typology of culture to Sainsbury's, analyzing power, role, task, and person cultures. The report further evaluates content and process theories of motivation, including Maslow's hierarchy of needs and goal-setting theory, to understand how these theories enable the attainment of company goals. Finally, the report differentiates between effective and ineffective teams, outlining the characteristics and factors contributing to each, such as clarity of goals, communication, trust, and leadership. This comprehensive analysis offers insights into Sainsbury's organizational dynamics and how various factors impact its workforce and overall performance.

ORGANISATIONAL
BEHAVIOUR
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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
Influence of organisational power, politics & culture upon individual as well as team
performance.................................................................................................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
Evaluation of how content & process theories related to motivation along with techniques
enables effective attainment of company's goals........................................................................5
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7
Demonstrating an understanding of effective teams and ineffective teams................................7
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................10
Philosophies & concepts of organisational behaviour..............................................................10
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12
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INTRODUCTION
The concept of organizational behaviour denotes to a study of individual as well as group
behaviour of all who are working in a particular company. This shows a behaviour of every
people within the organisational environment or work culture which creates a straight impact
upon the job structure, employees performance, communication, motivation, leadership and
management along with various other different aspects. The phenomenon mentions the answers
to the people's behaviour with their co-staff working in a same organisation (Bhumika, 2021).
This assists in determining the various aspects such as employees motivation as well as
performance of work that supports business in establishing the tough bonding with their co-staff
within same working place. The present report comprises of the study pertaining to Sainsbury
which is recognized as the 2nd biggest supermarket organisation in UK being established in
London under the banner of a parent company known as J Sainsbury Plc. The report covers an
influence of politics, power and culture upon the organisational actions, various theories of
motivation & the different philosophies related to the concept of organisational behaviour.
TASK 1
Influence of organisational power, politics & culture upon individual as well as team
performance.
The organizational culture, politics or power influences the performance of employees as
well as whole team in a organisation. The positive & negative impact upon the company's
growth is being mentioned by such factors.
Influence of power upon team as well as individual
The concept of power shows the company's authority being provided to an specific staff
of the organisation. This is being utilized by the company's managers in order to work upon their
activities within an effective way. There is an existence of numerous theories which are being
applied by Sainsbury in relation to encourage the attitude of their teams or individual employees.
The theories with context to Sainsbury are discussed below: Coercive Power: This power is being concerned with an authority provided to an
individual employee of an organisation with respect to manage the day to day operations.
Sainsbury in this context provides the required power to company's CEO and managers
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so that they can contribute to the enhancement of employees performance with high
effectiveness (Carlisle and Ramudu, 2019). Reward Power: This is related to the allocation of power to such company's individual
that offers appraisal, development & training, rewards as well as various others.
Sainsbury furnishes such power to the company's board of directors who by analysing
employee's performance provides awards or recognition to them. Legitimate power: This power is being provided according to the work experience as
well as job position within a company of an employee. Sainsbury with this context
furnishes the related power to the organisational CEO who has a full control over the
business and develops each rule for the company that is mandatory requirement to follow
by each employee. Referent power: Under this, a power is being allocated in order to enhance the employees
behaviour within an organisation. Sainsbury with this context allocates such power to the
deserves leaders or managers who are responsible for motivating the company's
employees for their effective performance (Enyioko, 2021). Informational power: Such power is being allotted to those who carries the capability of
managing the company's information that is concerned with organisational financial
statements. Sainsbury with this context furnishes the power to the company's CEO who is
responsible for managing all financial reports of the business.
Influence of policies on team as well as individual
The various factors that encourages the behaviour of an company's employees with
context to politics in Sainsbury are mentioned below: Spoiling the Ambience The company experiences unstable environment due to the
presence of politics within an organisation that has a negative impact upon the behaviour
of employees. This results into spoiling of employees healthy bonding within an
organisation. Changes in employees attitude: Politics has a strong power in changing the attitude of
any individual that can give rise to the thought of inequality between employees. This
results into loss of work interest due to that an employee gets demotivated from his job
(Gibbons and Wang, 2021).
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 Decrease in the employees productivity: The presence of political thoughts within an
organisation diverts the mind and actions of employees which eventually results into
decrease in the productivity of employees performance. Occurrence of this allows an
employee to get diverted from their targets or objectives which they are working to attain
in specific time period.
Influence of culture upon the team as well as individual
The concept includes the application of Handy's typology of culture which is being
segregated into four different aspects that are mentioned below: Power Culture: This contributes to the centralised power in an organisation Sainbury that
is operating its business at large level comprising huge authority which is being utilized
to control the employees performance. Thus, contributing to the overall growth of a
business. Role Culture: This comprises of several roles & responsibilities in the hands of
Sainsbury manager that is being applied in order to allocate various roles to the
company's workforce. This is done on the basis of employee's skills, knowledge and
competencies (Goh, 2018). Task Culture: This encourages company's staff to offer their best within Sainsbury
through which the company is able to attain its target with high enthusiasm and
efficiency.
 Person Culture: This furnishes various opportunities to each employee within an
organisation that presents the abilities & encourages staff to present their work with
innovation and creativity (Kao and et. al., 2021).
TASK 2
Evaluation of how content & process theories related to motivation along with techniques
enables effective attainment of company's goals
Content Theory related to motivation
The theory tends to describe the alterations in the needs of human beings based upon time
& mentions the various factors within that a business encourages the employees. Sainsbury
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utilizes this theory of motivation in order to encourage company's employees that enhances their
capabilities that gives productive outcomes to the organisation.
Maslow Need Hierarchy theory for motivation
The theory is being developed by Abraham Maslow which mentions a sequential
hierarchy that is useful in fulfilling the needs of an employee based upon their priority and needs
in five different aspects. The theory with context to Sainsbury is being mentioned below: Psychological Needs:This involves essentials for survival such as air, food, water,
shelter, cloth and other items. This need is placed at first position within the pyramid of
hierarchy (Mehmood, Nadarajah and Akhtar, 2021). Safety and Security Needs: This comprises of health and financial security such as
stability of life, insurance, financial strength, and several others. Sainsbury with this
context offers appropriate remunerations and rewards to their employees based upon their
ability & performance. Social Needs: This comprises of love as well as feeling of belongingness such as society
acceptance, friendship, belief, trust, family affection, and several others. Self esteem Needs: This refers to a feeling of appreciation or developing self respect
which is provided by other individuals within an organisation of Sainsbury to their
employees.
 Self actualisation: This provides a feeling of attaining every thing what an individual
wishes to have in his or her life. Here an employee of Sainsbury analyses their
capabilities or potential for the company (Mphahlele, 2021).
The organisation Sainsbury applied this theory in order to enhance the productivity of
their employees within effective manner that ultimately builds the employees confidence and
company's profits.
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Goal Setting Theory for motivation
The theory describes about the formulation of plan that is focused upon motivating
company's employees in order to achieve the target within time. This provides directions to the
employees in order to work upon their activities, on the other hand evaluates the employees
efforts that is required to attain tough targets in an organisation. The theory includes different
factors which are mentioned below: Commitment of goals: This involves a dedication that is being seen in company's
employees for their performances to attain set target through committing hard work and
dedication towards the business.
 Self Sufficiency: This is a potential of self that is related with their performance as well
as confidence and belief that represents employee's efforts in order to attain company's
target successfully. This is dependent upon the efforts that one enhances and has an
impact over other (Ogbu Edeh and et. al., 2020).
The organisation Sainsbury utilizes this procedure in order to encourage their workforce
through proper understanding of company's goals as well as individual targets so that the
employee's seems to be focused for company's success and target completion.
TASK 3
Demonstrating an understanding of effective teams and ineffective teams.
Effective Team
The term team refers to a class of individuals that comes together in order to attain
business objectives. On the other hand, the aspect of effective team refers to the ability within a
team in order to attain the desired target within effective manner and with high efficiency.
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Effective team is highly focused towards the goals and brings large level of productivity within
their results. They carries high confidence, strong faith and belief in self as well as in other team
members too. The different characteristics of an effective team are listed below: Extra focus: The team members pays extra focus towards the achievement of
organisational goal. Clarity in goals: The team always has a clarity in their goals effective achievement of
which becomes a wholesome target of complete team within an organisation. Communication: It is highly important for an effective team to make regular and positive
interaction with each other so that they together can attain business objective. Trust & Belief: Belief and Trust between all the members of a team is highly needed as
this will allow them to develop faith in each other and attain business objective
collectively.
 Mutual decisions: In a team all the members are having a common objective for which a
single decision is needed. An effective team develops decision through mutual discussion
which permits them to attain their objective clearly.
Along with characteristics an effective team also comprises of certain factors thata re
mentioned below: Clarity within roles & responsibilities: The effective team has a very well clarity within
their roles as well as responsibilities that assists them in performing their task with high
effectiveness (Patching, 2019). Training & development: They carries proper training as well as development in their
work area regularly which provides them continuous guidance for their work. Clarity in their objectives: Each member within a team has full clarity within the
objectives that are needed to be achieved by them which takes them into a correct track
towards the effective achievement of goal. Leadership: This comprises of an ability that is being utilized to guide and direct the
team to achieve set targets effectively.
Ineffective Team
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This comprises of a team within which there is no clear goal or the team members are not
directed towards the effective attainment of set targets. The different characteristics of an
ineffective team are mentioned below: Lack of belief and trust within team: Members within a team when does not trust each
other or does not believes to the actions or views of other team member than this would
result into an ineffective team. Improper communication:Communication is highly important and when this experiences
any gap or incompleteness then a team is not able to achieve its objectives.
 Non clarity in objectives: When objectives or the targets which are needed to be achieved
are not clear to the team members then effective then there will be high confusion or
mismanagement within team (Teoh, 2021).
Other than different characteristics there are several factors of ineffective team too, which
are mentioned below: Improper management of time: When the time is not properly being managed within a
team then this would lead to delay in completion of task and will give rise to huge
disturbance. Lack of organisational commitment: When employees are not committed towards the
organisation or for team then this will not help them in proper working or organizational
commitment.
Distinction between effective & ineffective team
Basis Effective team Ineffective team
Objectives Carries clear objectives and are highly
focused towards it.
Does not has clarity in the
objectives.
Management Proper and defined channel. Are not clear with the
management hierarchy.
Roles & responsibility Has full clarity in their roles &
responsibilities and develops effective
staff.
Team members are not cleared
with their roles &
responsibilities along with an
development of unhealthy
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environment.
Communication Presence of effective and constant
communication.
Irregularity within
communication.
Theory of Belbin
The author Belbin mentions in his theory that every person carries their own behavioural
& they has their functions as well as roles which are defined according to it. After determining
the role of an individual within a team it takes into the development of a strength along with an
identification of certain weaknesses that can affect the team's performance. The theory of Belbin
comprises of various roles in a team that are required to perform individually as well as with
collaborative efforts. This would turn into creation of effective team performance in an
organisation. The various roles which are mentioned by Belbin are discussed below: Team Worker: A team worker is refereed to one who is responsible for handling &
dealing each situation within an effective way. This assists every employee in performing
better task towards the achievement of goals with a maintenance of effectiveness inside
the team (Tewari, 2021). Coordinator: He or she is the one who is responsible for managing the whole team
through providing assistance to each member when necessary. The major motive behind
this is to have control over team performance in order to make it effective. Specialist: This is one who carries high knowledge of each aspect and assists the whole
team through providing solutions to their queries. They are extremely committed towards
the organisational goals and are highly confident.
 Implementer: These comprises of a person who is responsible for implementing the best
suitable strategy as well as decision inside a team. This is one who is carrying practical
thoughts that converts the idea into various frameworks in a beneficial way.
TASK 4
Philosophies & concepts of organisational behaviour
Path goal theory
The theory guides a management in order to accept the best suitable style of leadership as
well as behaviour based upon the working culture along with a need of staff. The theory helps
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Sainsbury in determining the various characteristics & the working criteria of their employees
that plays an importance in order to encourage the employee's performance. The company
Sainsbury uses participative style of leadership that guides a manager to attain various feedbacks
as well as different suggestions from the company's workforce prior to developing any final
decision. The theory is being classified as under: Characteristics of employees: This supports staff in having knowledge related to the
factors that can encourage company's employees. With context to Sainsbury, a manager is
required to determine the factors so that can encourage employees within time. Activity oriented characteristics: This covers certain activities which are required to be
allocate to company's staff based upon their knowledge & skills so to have good returns
in future. With context to Sainsbury, a manager is asked to perform a survey at their
office in order to determine the essentials which are needed to complete the task within
time limit (Zeidan, 2021).
Contingency theory:
A contingency theory is an organisational theory that says there is no one-size-fits-all
approach to organising a firm, leading it, or making choices. Instead, the best course of action is
determined by the internal and external circumstances. This is very important for the chosen
organisation that is Sainsbury to consider this theory so that they can achieve their goals and
objectives in an appropriate manner. Contingency theory has a number of advantages, the most
important of which is that it gives a realistic picture of management and organisation. It denies
that principles are universally valid. Managers are not stereotypical and are situation-oriented.
Social capital theory:
According to social capital theory, social interactions are resources that may help people
grow and accumulate human capital. Social capital may be described as any aspect of a social
connection that provides reproduction advantages in evolutionary terms. According to social
capital theory, a person's family, friends, and associates are a valuable asset that may be used in
times of need, leveraged for monetary gain, or just appreciated for the human connection it
provides.
Leadership Styles
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The style assists the company's managers as well as leaders in monitoring & directing the
organizational staff. There is a presence of various leadership styles which a business leader
adopts in his actions that are mentioned below: Directive leadership style: A manager within this style directs its employees to follow
rules and policies laid down by him. Here, the employees are not allowed to raise their
query or present their suggestions. Such kind of environment gives rise to negative
environment in the minds of employees as they are forced to follow managerial decisions.
 Participative style: Within this style, a manager provides an opportunity to their
employees in order to present their opinions or views prior to coming up for any finial
decision. Through this style of leadership leader at Sainsbury would enhance the staff
retention ratio within the organisation and increase the productivity of employees for
effective attainment of goals & objectives.
CONCLUSION
From the above report, it can be concluded that the productivity as well as performance
level of a business depends upon the behaviour as well as working attitude of an employee. This
is done through providing motivation to them by using Maslow or other motivational theories in
context. Other than this, a team performance results in higher profits thus directing to attain
super success in the organisation. A team performance is seen effective when the skills and
competencies of an employee is determined and encouraged to perform with co-ordination.
Belbin theory of the path goal theory are highly beneficial to the organisation in order to support
their employees for having proper direction or successful attainment of objectives.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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Management. 23(3). pp.343-363.
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behaviour: The impact of training effectiveness and employee attitudes. In British
Academy of Management Conference: BAM 2019 (pp. 2-33).
Enyioko, N., 2021. [Effect of Leadership Communication on Organisational Behaviour.
Gibbons, P. and Wang, R., 2021. 17 Strategic, enabling initiatives: regulating and Conducive
organisational changes. Distributed Leadership in Nursing and Healthcare: Theory,
Evidence and Development, p.243.
Goh, C.E., 2018. The Mediating Effects of Motivation and Job Satisfaction Between
Organisational Citizenship Behaviour and Organisational Climate of Primary School
Teachers in Kuala Terengganu (Doctoral dissertation, Open University Malaysia).\
Kao and et. al., 2021. Why do team members help each other? Investigating cross‐level
antecedents of organisational citizenship behaviour. Asian Journal of Social
Psychology.
Mehmood, S.A., Nadarajah, D. and Akhtar, M.S., 2021. How community embeddedness of
public sector employees is formed by organisational justice and leads to
counterproductive work behaviour. Public Organization Review, pp.1-20.
Mphahlele, M., 2021. Organisational commitment and organisational citizenship behaviour: the
mediating role of job insecurity among contract employees at selected Gauteng
Provincial Government (Doctoral dissertation).
Ogbu Edeh and et. al., 2020. Knowledge Management and Extra-role Behaviour: The Role of
Organisational Culture. Journal of Business and Management Studies (JBMS).
Patching, A., 2019, December. Stress impacts on organisational culture and personal behaviour–
a construction industry perspective in Australia. In 16th Australian Conference on
Personality & Individual Differences: Advances and Challenges in Personality and
Individual Differences–Theories and Applications.
Teoh, C.W., 2021. The Study of Ethical Leadership and Employee Organisational Citizenship
Behaviour towards Organisational Success: the Lens of Corporate Governance
(Doctoral dissertation, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College).
Tewari, R., 2021. Shaping Organisational Culture For Success. Invincible Publishers.
Zeidan, S., 2021. Organisational commitment, intentions to quit, intellectual capital and firm's
market value and innovation performance. International Journal of Knowledge
Management Studies. 12(3). pp.227-242.
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