Motivational Theories and Team Development at Sainsbury's

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Organisational Behaviour
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Contents
Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 3
LO1...................................................................................................................................... 4
P1 Analyze how an organization’s culture, politics and power can influence individual
and team behavior and performance................................................................................4
M1 Critically analyze how the culture, politics and power of an organization can influence
individual and team behavior and performance................................................................5
D1 Critically evaluates the relationship between culture, politics, power and motivation
that enables teams and organizations to succeed, providing justified recommendations. 6
LO2...................................................................................................................................... 8
P2 Evaluate how content and process theories of motivation and motivational
techniques enable effective achievement of goals in an organizational context...............8
M2 Critically evaluates how to influence the behavior of others through the effective
application of behavioral motivational theories, concepts and models............................10
LO3.................................................................................................................................... 13
P3 Demonstrate an understanding of what makes an effective team, as opposed to an
ineffective team...............................................................................................................13
M3. Analyze relevant team and group development theories to support the development
of dynamic co-operation..................................................................................................14
D2 critically analyzes and evaluates the relevance of team development theories in the
context of OB concepts and philosophies that influence behavior in the workplace.......16
LO4.................................................................................................................................... 16
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P4. Apply concepts and philosophies of OB within an organizational context and a given
business situation........................................................................................................... 16
M4 Justify and evaluate a range of concepts and philosophies in how they inform and
influence behavior in both positive and negative ways...................................................18
Conclusion......................................................................................................................... 19
Reference...........................................................................................................................20
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Introduction
Organisational behaviour is a study based on the human behaviours in an organisation; it
is a process in between the organisation and the human behaviour. Researches of
Organisational behaviour can be categories in three parts:
 Micro level organisational behaviour
 Meso level organisational behaviour
 Macro level organisational behaviour
The report which will be described below illustrates about different types of organisational
behaviours. The report describes the organisational behaviour of Sainsbury, based on
United Kingdom. Sainsbury known as the third largest supermarket chain in the United
Kingdom and it has almost 16.9% share of the supermarket industry. Sainsbury was
established by John James Sainsbury in the year of 1869 and there was a shop at Drury
Lane, London at that time. In the year of 1922 Sainsbury became the largest groceries
retailer company.
Sainsbury later parted in three categories, Supermarkets of Sainsbury, Bank of Sainsbury
and Sainsbury Argos. The head office of Sainsbury group is located in Holborn circus, city
of London.
Sainsbury was first started as a market of fresh foods and after converted into package
groceries like sugar and tea. The company was converted as a private company in the
year of 1922 and the company name was J. Sainsbury Ltd. at that time.
The below report mentions about the organisational behaviour of Sainsbury and it is a
reflection on the organisational theories which were applied in the environmental culture of
Sainsbury.
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LO1
P1 Analyze how an organization’s culture, politics and power can influence
individual and team behavior and performance.
The culture of an organization maintains the various effects on various employees,
organizational policies and culture maintains a balance in the working environment of an
organization. These policies and culture influence an organization in different ways.
Sainsbury also includes some policies and organizational culture in it and the effect of the
organizational culture is positive for them. The organizational culture of Sainsbury plays a
great role in managing team effectiveness and motivation. The organizational culture
motivates an employee to work hard towards the organization. The organizational policies
could be helpful for Sainsbury for managing their whole team in a better way. How these
organizational culture, policies and power influences the team performance of Sainsbury
here are some points:
Creates common standards and common targets
Involvement of values makes the organizational culture more effective and useful for the
team or organization. Deep values could be the guidelines for the team of Sainsbury and it
must be included in their products for bringing out the faith of the customers towards the
products. A strong company culture could guide the team of Sainsbury in a better way to
achieve their goals and they can work better as a team.
Positive environment
The organizational policies and powers must be used in a positive way of working. These
policies need to be clear for the team of Sainsbury and it also is easy to understand for the
team of Sainsbury. A better organizational culture would make a positive environment for
the team and the team member will try to give their best for the organization. The positive
environment would not make them negative towards the organization and the member of
the team can work easily in their working culture.
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Creates guild lines
A company culture develops the guidelines for the team members whom they have to
follow for achieving a certain goal or target. By using these guidelines, the team members
could be able for following a decided structure for a goal and it will make them ready to
understand about work or task. The team members can work positively with these
guidelines.
M1 Critically analyze how the culture, politics and power of an organization can
influence individual and team behavior and performance
Effects on individuals: A culture, policies, and power which included in an organization
can analyze the level of performance and motivation in an employee. When an employee
adopts the culture of the organization positively, it keeps them motivated towards their
work and goal and if they do not accept these organizational policies and culture in a
better way than it could be difficult for them to achieve the goals and they may feel some
barriers towards their work. The organizational behavior relates to the performance of an
employee for example if an organization allows the members to “talk when they need” than
the employees of that organization works according to their set priorities and if they
maintain an environment of saying what they feel about the current situation may face
some difficulties in many areas of the organization. Thus, allowing them to say what they
feel could be helpful for Sainsbury for managing their performances. Helpful company
culture and policies could make the positive appearance of an employee and make them
motivated towards the set goals.
Effect on team behavior of the organization: The organizational behavior and policies
create some guidelines for the team of an organization. They guide them in a better way to
understand the current situation of their work. The decided policies and culture of the
organization maintains a team properly and set a framework of the goal. The policies allow
them to manage their work according to the company’s policy structure and make them
feel helpful in their works.
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The culture of an organization also effects on the teamwork of Sainsbury and the belief of
an employee must be passionate about their work. The HR team of Sainsbury uses to
involve those people who relate with their working culture and could manage themselves
according to the organizational policies. At present working culture understanding the
organizational policies and culture becoming important because people of different
background involve in an organization like Sainsbury So, it becomes necessary for them to
understand a different working culture. New candidates who are involving in Sainsbury
need to understand about the working culture of Sainsbury first for maintaining their work
in a proper way.
D1 Critically evaluates the relationship between culture, politics, power and
motivation that enables teams and organizations to succeed, providing justified
recommendations.
The relation between organizational culture and team: The relation between
organizational culture and team performance is very important to maintain. The culture of
an organization influences the performance of a team and the organizational culture of
Sainsbury is supportive for the team members. A positive culture of work effects positively
on the team performance of Sainsbury.
The relation between politics and team performance: the politics in working culture is
not good for the performance of the team. It finishes the synchronization between
employees and wipes out the culture of the company. They create a toxic environment in
an organization and its decreases’ the productivity and profitability of an organization. The
leaders of Sainsbury need to avoid these types of politics from the working environment of
Sainsbury.
Power with team performance: The power of team leader influences the team member’s
performances. The team leaders of Sainsbury need to use their powers towards the
productivity increment of the company. They can use their different types of power on an
individual team member to increase the productivity of the whole team.
Recommendation
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Measurement of performances: It is necessary for the leaders of Sainsbury to analyze
about the team performances. They need to measure the level of performances and need
to involve the needed factors in their team management strategies.
Manage the incentives: The leaders of the Sainsbury need to introduce some incentive
plans for the members of the team because of the members gets the incentives it makes
Them motivated and forces them to work hard for their targets. The incentives make them
more concentrate on their targets and provide them positive feeling towards an
organization.
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LO2
P2 Evaluate how content and process theories of motivation and motivational
techniques enable effective achievement of goals in an organizational context
There are many theories of motivation and motivation techniques which relates to an
organization like Sainsbury. The working environment of Sainsbury also includes some
theories of motivation to maintain a positive environment in the working culture of
Sainsbury. These theories are helpful for achieving the goals which were decided by the
organization. Here are some theories which could be helpful for Sainsbury to achieve their
goals:
Expectancy theory Vroom’s
Vroom’s theory illustrates the behavior which an organization needs to implement in their
strategies. The theory is helpful to reduce the dissatisfaction in workers. It is helpful for
recognizing the skills of an employee and their personality how it works for their
organization. This theory explains that a higher range of efforts could make a higher
performance level for an organization.
Two factors theory
Herzberg illustrated many types of questions about motivation. Herzberg recognized some
factors like organizational politics, the approach of management, supervision, reimburse
and the relationship between the working culture and working situations, these are the
factors which undermine somebody's confidence level.
The implementation of Herzberg’s theory develops a way of an individual’s growth,
improvement, and acknowledgment in the organizational culture. The theory also
demonstrates that an employee should be promoted by the company after a certain period
of their services towards the organization. Herzberg named the problems of employee’s
“hygiene” and said that the problems are harmful for the organization and its culture. The
problems of employees create many barriers for achieving the goals which the company
had decided to achieve.
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The two-factor theory also explains that the satisfaction of an employee also needed to an
organization and the company needs to include all the needed factors like promotions,
reward system, advancement, and motivation. The involvement of these factors will make
the culture of an organization healthy and more effective.
Maslow’s hierarchy of requirements
The theory of Maslow explained that employee wants to increase their achievements and
the needs of employees are prioritized according to their consequences. Maslow’s theory
is based on the biological, physical, philosophical and common demands of employees.
Maslow classified this theory in five various stages which explains about a different type of
needs of employees:
• Psychological requirements (foodstuff, protection, garments)
• Requirements of security and safety (substantial defence
• Common requirements (connection with others)
• Value related needs (to get acknowledgment from others)
• Self- actualization requirement (wish to leave behind an acknowledgment)
Maslow’s theory clarifies the basic factors of those theories which want to explain the
satisfaction of the job. It explains that the basic needs of Sainsbury employees must be
fulfilled by the management of the organization because it will make the workers more
serious towards their work and maintains the effectiveness of employees.
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M2 Critically evaluates how to influence the behavior of others through the effective
application of behavioral motivational theories, concepts and models.
There are some applications and model which creates a positive environment of the
company culture as well as a negative impact. There are some motivational models which
could be helpful for Sainsbury’s team management but they could be harmful also for
them.
Herzberg’s hygiene model: Herzberg explained that there are two factors which could be
used as a tool in the motivational process (Zin et. al., 2012). The most important question
which Herzberg included in the model was “how to motivate the employees”? The target of
this theory was to identify the factors which create dissatisfactions in an employee’s mind.
The other aim of this theory was:
• To include the unfortunate company policies.
• To develop a capable and understanding the supervision process.
• To develop an improved working culture in an organization that includes respect, and
self-esteem in between the team members.
• To create an aggressive salary process.
The unique part of this theory is:
• To uphold the incident of achievements.
• To discover the involvement of each employee.
• It transfers the responsibilities in a big ratio.
• Provides opportunities by using internal promotional process.
Critical analysis of Herzberg’s theory: The model is only useful for the managers of the
organization to identify the theories and models which they applied in their organization
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are working properly or not. The model only explains about the job increment in the
organization and it is not useful to understand about the whole organizational culture.
McGregor’s theory X and theory Y model: It is another model of motivational theories
which explains that there could be two factors to solve a problem of the workplace
environment and motivating the whole team (Odumeru and Ogbonna, 2013). McGregor
illustrated that the people who applied theory X in their working culture got some poor
results and managers who are successful chooses theory Y to apply in the organizational
culture and they got better results and good results.
Theory X is related to:
• The average employees in an organization can dislike some works and they can avoid
works when they think they can do.
• According to this model, some employees could receive a penalty if they destroy the
working culture.
• The average employees think that there should be security in the working culture and
they maintain an un-ambitious attitude towards their work.
Theory Y explains that:
• Efforts are natural in the working environment.
• Without receiving any type of penalty, employees of the organization use to self-control
themselves.
• Reward programs relate to commitments prepared by employees.
• Basically, employees accept their job responsibilities.
• In an organization strength of an average employee is fewer utilize.
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