MG414: Report: Organizational Behavior at Sainsbury (Handy Model)

This report provides an in-depth analysis of Sainsbury's organizational behavior, focusing on key aspects such as its organizational culture, identified through the Handy model, specifically highlighting its role culture. The report evaluates how communication strategies within Sainsbury's enhance organizational effectiveness by fostering employee motivation, improving individual attitudes, and providing crucial information. The role of culture in driving employee motivation, including factors like improved retention, increased profitability, and customer satisfaction, is also thoroughly examined. Furthermore, the report assesses how Sainsbury can leverage its organizational culture to further enhance its success in a competitive environment, with recommendations for continuous improvement and adaptation to meet evolving employee and market needs. The report covers various elements of organizational behavior, including communication, motivation, and the impact of culture on overall business performance.

MG414 ORGANISATIONAL
BEHAVIOUR

Executive summary.
The current report is based on organizational behaviour which is essential for achieve
company's objective in effective manner. The present report has given emphasis on business
culture of Sainsbury which is identified by applying handy culture model. Role culture is
followed by firm to make positive environment has been described in case study. Further, the
current report focused on communication for improving business's effectiveness which gives
outcome in changing behaviour of individuals, source for information, etc. It has also represented
culture that impact motivation of worker. To meet competitive circumstance how organization
culture can be improved for success has also been explained in present report.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
1. Identifying culture of Sainsbury through handy model..........................................................3
2 Evaluating how culture improves organization effectiveness with focus on communication. 5
3 Explaining role of culture in employees motivation................................................................6
4 Evaluating use of organizational culture to further enhance company's success.....................8
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Organisational Behaviour (OB) refers to study of human behaviour as both individual and
group performance within company. Additionally, it is systematic application of knowledge
regarding employees reaction in particular business environment. In current world it has become
essential to examine OB to meet changing requirements of employees. Its focus is to influence
workers behaviour to achieve competitiveness. The chosen company in present report is
Sainsbury which is the largest supermarket chain in United Kingdom. It is retailer of groceries
as provides various services and products that fulfils specialized demand of customers. The
present report will use handy model to identify Organization Culture (OC). Additionally, it gives
emphasis on improving effectiveness of company with focus on communication. The current
report will explain role of firm culture in driving employees' motivation. Present report will also
represent improvements in OC to enhance company's success.
1. Identifying culture of Sainsbury through handy model
Organisational culture refers to the environment within which employees work. It plays
an important role in influencing performance and behaviour of subordinates of Sainsbury.
Charles handy defines organisational culture through four variables such as power, role, task and
person. Company's way of working is usually based one of these variable which affects its
efficiency of conducting operation.
Power culture
This variable is generally concerned with the power of few persons who makes rules and
regulation for firm. Additionally, these individuals influence employees as their performance is
judged by what they achieve rather than how workers implement action. In this type of culture
staff have to strictly follow rules and regulations set up by upper authority (Chandler, Heidrich
and Kasa, 2017). Organization Culture (OC) that predate power in hands of some special
individuals tend to create scenario where employees where subordinates do not have option to
share their views and opinions for policies and structure of business.
Task Culture
This type of culture is adapted to specify the roles and responsibilities to address specific
problems and projects. Organization that follows culture base on task factor of handy model
tends to increase efficiency and effectiveness in company. With respect to this, various teams are

formed in company with right mixture of skills, knowledge so that creative performance can be
achieved as they can develop their own objectives.
Person Culture
There are certain firms whose workers think that they are more essential than the
organization. Additionally, those enterprises who tend to follow such environment are referred as
person culture. These companies suffer a lot as their subordinates find themselves more crucial
than organizational objectives.
Role culture
Business with role culture are based on rules as every person in firm are aware about their
roles and responsibilities. It aids employees to take decisions according to the power of their
position in company structure (Eghinea, Ghinea, and Cantaragiu, 2021. ). In such scenario
employees decide what best they can do and willingly take challenges. With respect to this,
subordinates get the position according to qualification, specialization, experience, etc. so these
staff are held responsible for their work assigned.
From the assessment of handy model it is analysed that role culture is followed by
Sainsbury. Sainsbury is large and complex organization that deals in numerous transaction for
which it can not keep eye on each individual. With help of role culture company delegates roles
and powers to different individuals. Organization culture is basically personality of firm which is
made up by tangible signs, assumptions, norms and values of firm's worker and their behaviour.
However, it is difficult to identify perceptiveness of business as the factors that determine culture
keeps changing.
Sainsbury aims at achieving long term sustainability of company in industry and
reducing employees turnover so that specialization can be obtained to attain success. Role culture
helps Sainsbury to determine specific separate task for employees which creates clarity
(EGhinea, Ghinea and Cantaragiu, 2021.). In addition to this, duplications can be avoided in turn
it saves resources of business that enhance effectiveness and efficiency. Sainsbury has various
departs such a sales, marketing, finance, operation, etc. that require specialization skills and
knowledge. A strong firm culture could be one where subordinates hold similar beliefs and
values. To achieve coordination and effectualness it is essential for company to practice fairly.
For this purpose Sainsbury follows role variable of handy model that provide assistance in
reducing conflicts and increasing productivity.

2 Evaluating how culture improves organization effectiveness with focus on communication
There are various types of firms that has different work culture according to their nature
of product & services and scale of business. organization Effectiveness (OE) refers to how
effective an firm is in achieving it s objectives and goals. Company's culture has certain factors
that influence business efficiency of working (Erthal and Marques, 2018). The one of the factor
can be considered important for increasing productivity and growth of Sainsbury is
communication. An effective communication within business allow employees to transfer
essential data among teams. At all levels of management transparency in communication is
needed to attain better understanding of tasks and problems. It not only increases productivity
but also results in better relationship among subordinates which provides loyalty of employees.
When company follow autocratic culture employees are unable to share their views
which decline effectiveness of business. Moreover, proper workplace environment is crucial to
avoid disengaged employees, low profits, poor customers relations and high turnover as this
negatively impact business (Odor, 2018). In against of this, when the environment of business is
friendly gives outcome in higher productivity, increase in profits, psychological satisfaction, low
employees turnover, job security, etc. Sainsbury role culture helps the firm to recruit, retain, and
motivate its employees through effective communication planning in the organization.
With respect to this, the impact of firm culture on effective communication can be due to
some elements also such as psychological safety, firm centralization, leadership behaviour &
destructive and job control & autonomy. Psychological safety is one of the important variable
that affects effectiveness as it made up of one's believes to react in particular situation. The
centralization of company also tend to influence the voice of subordinates (Martínez-Caro,
Cegarra-Navarro and Alfonso-Ruiz, 2020). Leadership behaviour refers to autonomy of speaking
under certain situation accordance with department's head. Additionally, the most important
cultural factor is job control and autonomy. Higher job control leads to effective communication
with in organization.
Culture inconsistency may also cause insubordinates to grow discouraged, doubt in
orders of management that decline efforts. Sainsbury may be investing time and efforts in
developing its working environment more productive but it should inform and communicate
changes occurred in operation style to employees. OE can be received in following ways:
Promotes Motivation

Communication helps business to encourage its employees by specifying tasks and
projects need to be exerted by employees. When subordinates receive instructions regarding their
particular assignment it enhances enthusiasm among workers. With respect to this, many firm
formulate such environment that increases employees ability of working. It as well provide
opportunity to get connected with higher authority and correct the mistakes. Sainsbury with role
culture motivates employees by making them believe that system trust them for conducting
particular task in effective manner.
Altering Individual Attitude
It plays an important role in making positive attitude as a well-informed person will have
better perspective than uninformed (Asatiani and et.al., 2021). There are various types of
communication system that assist Sainsbury to develop scenario for enhancing ability and
willingness so contributed efforts can aid company in accomplish objectives.
Source of Information
Sainsbury's working style helps employees to take decision through getting information
from various sources. Business permit each position to take strategic decision accordingly as it
delegate the appropriate power to its workers. With help of such culture company can achieve
organizational effectiveness as every employee has some specialization that is contributed by
him in decision-making process. Creation of innovativeness also takes place through effective
communication structure.
Controlling Process
OE can also be attained in terms of controlling employees behaviour through various
hierarchy, principles, guidelines, etc. Functions of management are monitored by Sainsbury by
providing information related to policies, roles, etc. Additionally, it aids ease to large company to
deal with conflicts and grievances in effective way.
3 Explaining role of culture in employees motivation
OC plays an important role in formulating and sustaining level of motivation among
workers. Employees incline to receive better potential when organization culture matches their
encouragement. It is crucial for company to gather the factors that can not only encourage
workers but also progress the company (Kraśnicka, Głód and Wronka-Pośpiech, 2018).
Additionally, such culture are created by business so that lower absenteeism, better quality
candidates, increased profitability, improved retention, happier customers, can be raised by firm.

In competitive scenario company need to developed suitable culture so that it can fulfil
employees requirements along with company's need.
There are various types of workers' need whose fulfilment is dependent on OC which
comprises survival, security, importance, self actualization and belongingness (Why organization
culture is important? 2019). This requirement plays critical role in deciding employees
encourage in sharing their efforts. Sainsbury promotes various practices that can developed
subordinations motivation and lead to smooth functioning of business.
Herzberg's has defined three motivational factors fro employees like achievement,
recognition and work itself. This theory tries to get the root of encouragement in workplace. This
two factor theory focuses on those elements that drive job satisfaction and dissatisfaction
(Graves and Sarkis, 2018). Herzberg's theory is divided into two parts hygiene and motivation
factor that results to influence of workers. Additionally, hygiene elements include pay, fringe
benefits, physical working conditions, company policies, status, job security, status &
interpersonal relationships and motivation factors comprises recognition, promotional
opportunities, meaning of work, etc. Therefore, Sainsbury should keep in mind that it pays
attention on such elements that can incline employees to provide full potential of their ability.
Good OC results in following achievements:
Improved Retention
organization culture plays an important role in re-tenting workers as it good environment
increases engagement and satisfaction of workers. Such practices decreases turnover of workers
that saves time and cost of business to recruit new employees. Workplace put premium on
communication, transparency, recognition, reward taht appreciate work of subordinates.
Increased Profitability
With help of effective culture which provides right candidates with required potential
resource company to earn higher profitability. It is earned through brand promotion and
customers satisfaction which is completely dependent on performance of workers. Success of
Sainsbury is partly dependent on the efforts of its motivated employees because sales, goodwill,
confidential information, etc. relies on staff of company. Moreover, it becomes important for
company to modify its procedure that assist it to obtain competitive advantages in terms of
uniqueness of products & services, financial position, market share, customers segments,
employees capabilities, etc.

Customer satisfaction
It is affected by both personal characteristic as well workplace environment. Subordinates
satisfaction has positive influence on clients interest because engaged workers from various
benefits to firm. Two way communication makes perception of lower level employees that
company is understanding their work and problems that motivates them to contribute efforts
effectively. Further, due to customers interaction is conducted with employees as they are
representative of enterprise so investing in this provides competitive advantages.
Lower Absenteeism
Positive company environment result in presentism of employees which enhances firm's
productivity. When employees of company are satisfied with provided circumstances such as
wellness programs, flexible schedules that give chance to workers to optimize their skills.
Additionally, subordinates remain loyal for those businesses that value their pace of working.
Higher level of Innovation
Company's culture is the main reason for success as innovation starts with positive
working environment. Creativity can be achieved only when employees are aware about their
value of plans and ideas (PAAIS and PATTIRUHU, 2020.). Additionally, Sainsbury allow
subordinates to share their views for making various policies related to innovation of new
product, marketing strategies, etc. It gives an essence of belongingness that promotes employees
to achieve their personal goals along with business growth. The different type of rewards, awards
are also given by companies to motivate workers.
4 Evaluating use of organizational culture to further enhance company's success
OC is essential because it creates an internal and external identity of company. Institution
culture need to be very effective that promotes a positive working environment which not
increase company's productivity but also focuses on personal development of employees.
Embrace Transparency
Trust is key to success of any type of business concern therefore it becomes crucial for
firm to make transparent environment. It can be maintained by using modern communicational
tools that result in clarity among workers (How to improve organization culture? 2021).
Traditional methods can be served as barrier in achieving employees trust and higher
productivity. It also promotes motivation within business as sense of trust is shown which leads
firm to get succeed.

Recognize reward valuable contribution
Another key for improving company's culture is to appreciate workers who are desirable.
Some employees are likely to quit job which result in failure of company's operation. Person gets
motivated when his hard and innovative work is appraised. Further, it can e improved by
providing training to lacking areas of workers.
Formulate Collaboration the work standard
One of the recommendation that can be use by company is to create a collaborative work
culture. Having strong relationship at workplace improves workers motivation that indirectly
increases productivity of company. Additionally, building co-worker relationship takes times and
efforts which makes the team practice more effective.
Provide Regular Feedback
Subordinates need solid review if they are align their necromancer with company
environment (Prasanna and Haavisto,2018). Providing feedback makes a perspective that work
performed by employees are evaluates and remuneration scan get affected if they do not meet
standards. It aids employees to correct their mistakes and achieve organizational established
standards.
Inspire Employees Autonomy
There are several ways through which employees autonomy can be embraced such as
established autonomous work teams, allowing staff to exercise choice, creating decision-making
opportunities, etc. It leads company towards success as it enhances autonomy to perform task of
workers.
Communication is key
Effective delivering of firm's mission, values and vision which makes staff to understand
clearly what is expected from them. Further, it provides ease to workers to use their abilities,
skills, knowledge in effectual manner to reach vision of Sainsbury. This is considered to be
important as it can make OC more friendly as leaders becomes successful in sharing purpose of
operations.
Implement Gamification
The most essential practice that can aid company to gain further success is making
continuous learning perception. In aspect to this, employees will become habitual to come
always back to learn more which in turn increase competitiveness of organization. These are

some practices that can help company to obtain further success through improving its
organizational culture.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it can be concluded that its is essential to focus on organizational
behaviour to achieve desire objectives. In current report handy cultural model has been
implemented to identify Sainsbury's working environment through 4 factors such as task, people,
power and role. It has been evaluated that role culture is followed by mentioned company to
enhance its higher productivity through utilization of specialization of employees skills,
knowledge and professional behaviour. Additionally, for improving business effectiveness in
context of communication can be achieved by promoting motivation of workers, source of
subject matter, controlling procedure, altering individual behaviour, etc. Role of culture has be
assessed on motivating employees by applying Herzberg's theory which shows two factors tend
to encourage employees that comprise job security, interpersonal relationship, status, etc.
Further, it consequence in lower absenteeism, higher profitability, etc. In nut shell current report
has given ways in which company can use OC to attain success such as embrace transparency,
provide feedback, etc.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Asatiani, A. and et.al., 2021. Constructing continuity across the organisational culture boundary
in a highly virtual work environment. Information Systems Journal. 31(1). pp.62-93.
Chandler, N., Heidrich, B. and Kasa, R., 2017, December. Everything changes? A repeated
cross-sectional study of organisational culture in the public sector. In Evidence-based
HRM: A Global Forum for Empirical Scholarship. Emerald Publishing Limited.
Collins, D., 2021. Rethinking Organizational Culture: Redeeming Culture Through Stories.
Routledge.
EGhinea, V. M., Ghinea, M. and Cantaragiu, R. E., 2021. Model of Organizational Culture
Dynamics-Works on Increasing Confidence. Calitatea. 22(180). pp.46-52.
Erthal, A. and Marques, L., 2018. National culture and organisational culture in lean
organisations: a systematic review. Production Planning & Control. 29(8). pp.668-687.
Graves, L. M. and Sarkis, J., 2018. The role of employees' leadership perceptions, values, and
motivation in employees' provenvironmental behaviors. Journal of Cleaner Production.
196. pp.576-587.
Kraśnicka, T., Głód, W. and Wronka-Pośpiech, M., 2018. Management innovation, pro-
innovation organisational culture and enterprise performance: testing the mediation
effect. Review of managerial science. 12(3). pp.737-769.
Martínez-Caro, E., Cegarra-Navarro, J. G. and Alfonso-Ruiz, F. J., 2020. Digital technologies
and firm performance: The role of digital organisational culture. Technological
Forecasting and Social Change. 154(C).
Odor, H. O., 2018. Organisational culture and dynamics. Global Journal of Management and
Business Research.
PAAIS, M. and PATTIRUHU, J. R., 2020. Effect of motivation, leadership, and organizational
culture on satisfaction and employee performance. The Journal of Asian Finance,
Economics, and Business. 7(8). pp.577-588.
Prasanna, S. R. and Haavisto, I., 2018. Collaboration in humanitarian supply chains: an
organisational culture framework. International Journal of Production Research.
56(17). pp.5611-5625.
Online
How to improve organisation culture? 2021. [Online]. Available through:
<https://www.growthengineering.co.uk/improve-organizational-culture-10-quick-tips/>
Why organisation culture is important? 2019. [Online]. Available through:
<https://builtin.com/company-culture/why-is-organizational-culture-important>