Comparative Analysis: Samsung Galaxy S9 vs iPhone X Computer Systems

This report provides a comprehensive comparison of the Samsung Galaxy S9 and the iPhone X, two prominent commercial computer systems, focusing on their computer architecture and organization. The analysis begins by mapping the components of both phones to the Von Neumann architecture, highlighting the central processing unit, memory, and input/output modules. The report then delves into a comparative study of the two systems, evaluating their performance, cost, and energy consumption. Further, it examines the internal organization of their processor chips, instruction set architectures, and cache memory systems. The interconnection architecture, memory operations, and input/output modules are discussed, followed by an exploration of parallel processing capabilities. The report concludes with a summary of the key findings, emphasizing the architectural similarities and differences between the Samsung Galaxy S9 and iPhone X, and their implications on overall system performance and user experience. References are provided to support the analysis.

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Samsung Galaxy S9 Vs iPhone X
Student Name
Institutional Affiliation

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Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
Mapping Components to the Von Neumann Architecture Building Blocks...................................3
Von Neumann Model Components..............................................................................................4
Samsung galaxy S9 Vs iPhone X....................................................................................................5
Performance.................................................................................................................................5
Cost..............................................................................................................................................6
Energy Consumption....................................................................................................................6
Computer Organization...................................................................................................................6
Organization of the processor chip(s)..........................................................................................6
Instruction set Architecture..........................................................................................................8
Cache Architecture and Organization..........................................................................................8
Interconnection Architecture........................................................................................................9
Memory Operations...................................................................................................................10
Input/ Output Modules...............................................................................................................11
Parallel Processing.........................................................................................................................12
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................13
Reference List................................................................................................................................14

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Introduction
Computer architecture are the components that directly impacts program execution or system
attributes that are visible to the programmer while computer organization refers to the functional
components and their relationships that work together to achieve the architectural specifications.
Some of the examples of architectural attributes include I/O mechanisms, number of bits used to
represent different types of data, instruction set, and memory addressing techniques while
examples of organizational attributes include hardware components that the programmer can see
such as memory technology, computer peripherals, and control signals (Hayes, 2012).
A commercial computer system refers to any system, software, or application that has been
designed for commercial purposes. They can be opensource or proprietary systems. In this paper,
the focus will be on two commercial computer systems: Samsung galaxy S9 and iPhone X
system. The two computer systems are mobile phones running on different platforms. Samsung
galaxy s9 runs on android platform while iPhone X runs on IOS.
Mapping Components to the Von Neumann Architecture Building
Blocks
Von Neuman computer system is made up of three main building blocks including the central
processing unit, memory, and the Input output components. The system bus connects these three
components together (Simmons, Coon and Datta, 2018). Registers are the most prominent CPU
items and can be directly manipulated and modified by the programs. The figure below shows
the interconnections between the components of the CPU.

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Figure 1: Relationship Between CPU Components
(Source: Simmons, Coon and Datta, 2018)
Von Neumann Model Components
The following are the main components of the Neumann Model (Kamiński, 2017):
 The memory is used for information storage such as programs or data.
 The central processing unit is used for information processing and computations.
 Input components refers to various devices that are used to enter data or issue instructions
to the computer such as mouse and keyboard.
 Output component are used to give out processed information such as monitors, speakers,
printers.
 Control unit ensures that every component is doing what is supposed to be doing at the
right time using the correct procedures.
The figure below shows a typical von Neumann machine:

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Figure 2: von Neuman Machine
(Source: Simmons, Coon and Datta, 2018)
Each of the two computer systems have employed the von Neumann architecture.
Samsung galaxy S9 Vs iPhone X
Apple and Samsung have been battling for a very long time in the world of smartphones
(Murnane, 2018). Samsung is focusing on providing the best alternatives to Apple’s iPhone
that are powered by Android Operating system (Knapp, 2018). In this section, the discussion
will focus on comparing iPhone X from Apple and Samsung Galaxy S9 from Samsung. The two
computer systems have been compared depending on their performance, cost, and energy
consumption;
Performance

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In terms of performance, iPhone X is slower as compared to S9 according to an article published
by Speedtest. Speed core metrics was used to compare Galaxy S9 and iPhone X which was based
on user-initiated done using cellular networks. The upload and download speeds dictated the
speed score and given a weight of 90%. The speeds were recorded at 10%, 50%, and 90%. The
results obtained showed that Galaxy s9 had better performance as compared to iPhone X
(Speedtest, 2018).
Cost
Based on cost iPhone x is more expensive that Samsung Galaxy S9. For an iPhone X with
256GB the price starts at £1149 while that of 64GB starts at £999. 64GB Galaxy S9 model cost
starts from £739 while that of 256GB costs £869 (ORELLANA, 2018). The prices are
considerably distinguishable and more people may prefer Galaxy S9 because of better
performance and prices.
Energy Consumption
Samsung galaxy s9 uses a 3000mAh battery while the iPhone X uses a 2700mAh battery (Parker,
2018). This suggests that the Galaxy S9 has more battery capacity and can store more as
compared to iPhone X. If the two phones are used to do the same activities, Galaxy s9 will last 1
hour more that iPhone X. The power of the two phones lasts for a day because of the bright
displays. Additionally, both phones support fast and wireless charging.
Computer Organization
Organization of the processor chip(s)
The CPU uses data path to connect the processor chips including the registers, ALU’s, and
memory. The ‘gates’ control the flow of bits across the processor chips and either allow the bits
to go through or not (Mano, 2013). The diagram below represents the organization of processor
chips in the two computer systems.

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Figure 3: Organization of processing Chips
(Source: Mano, 2013)
The diagram below shows the internal structure of the processor chip;

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Figure 4: internal Structure of the Processor Chip
(Source: Wyld, Zizka and Nagamalai, 2012)
Instruction set Architecture
The processor issues instructions using numeric values in the memory. One of the main tasks in
designing the CPU is the engineering and programming of the instruction set. A specific numeric
opcode is required by every instruction.
Cache Architecture and Organization

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Cache is a high-speed static RAM that computer systems such as iPhone X and Galaxy S9 the
phone microprocessor can access instead of accessing the regular RAM. It stores data and
instructions that the users often access on their phones. The two computer systems have a cache
memory. The diagram below shows the structure of the cache memory.
Figure 5: Cache Architecture
(Source: Margaret, 2018)
Interconnection Architecture
The data transfer efficiency and complexity in phone multicore chips is getting more challenging
and several proposals have been made by Samsung and Apple to improve communication
efficiency and design flexibility in the multicore chips (Ismail, 2017). The two companies are
working tirelessly to enhance this architecture to better performance and improve the overall user
experience. The diagram below represents the interconnection architecture in the two systems.

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Figure 6: Interconnection Architecture
(Source: Aston, 2018)
Memory Operations
The memory has two key operations: the store (value, address) for writing new values into the
cell and fetch (address) for returning values without changing the value stored on the address.
The two computer systems have this kind of memory which is accessed randomly allowing the
CPU to access any array value sequentially at any time (Tanenbaum, 2016). The diagram below
represents a typical memory management structure.

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Figure 7: Memory Management
(Source: Tanenbaum, 2016)
Input/ Output Modules
There are two ways for mapping input/output module:
Memory mapped I/O
 Writing and reading I/O is the same as writing/ reading memory
 I/O modules are mapped to address space of the memory
 Has the capacity to use write/read instructions of a memory
Isolated I/O
 Requires special instructions for I/O like OUT and IN on 32-bit operating systems.
 Have different input/output address space.

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Parallel Processing
The two computer systems have the ability to perform parallel processing. Both operating
systems have evolved and have shifted from depending on instruction level parallelism (ILP).
The hardware and compilers work together to implicitly exploit ILP without the knowledge of
the programmer or users while task-level parallelism (TLP), data-level parallelism (DLP), and
request-level parallelism (RLP) are explicitly parallel giving rise to the need to restructure
applications so that it can take advantage of explicit parallelism (Orii, 2010).
For many users, especially iPhone X, this forms a major burden for them unlike in Samsung
Galaxy S9 which makes easy for programmers in some instances. Samsung and Apple are
adopting parallelism at several levels to enhance smartphone designs across the board however,
cost and energy are still the main constraints (Weems, Kerbyson and Rajamony, 2014). The
major types of parallelism that is being considered by the two computer systems are task-level
parallelism (TLP) which arose because of the of the need to have tasks running and operating
independently on and at the same time and data-level parallelism (DLP) which have arose
because of the need to allow users to operate on the same data at the same time. Samsung and
Apple are currently redesigning their hardware to take advantage of these levels of parallelism in
the following four major ways (Weems, Kerbyson and Rajamony, 2011):
Graphic processing Units (GPU) makes use of DLP by employing one instruction to parallelly
collect data.
Instruction-level parallelism (ILP) make use of DLP with the compiler at modest level by
employing pipelining ideas and using speculative execution ideas at medium level.
Request-level parallelism (RLP) employs parallelism in tasks that are largely coupled and have
been specified by the operating system or the programmer.
Thread-Level parallelism (TLP) exploits task-level parallelism or data-level parallelism in
hardware model that is tightly coupled and allows parallel threads to interact.
The need to support task-level parallelism and data-level parallelism have been considered for a
very long time but it’s now that they are being implemented.