Information and Knowledge Management at Samsung: A Case Study

This project presents a comprehensive case study on Samsung, examining its information and knowledge management practices. The analysis explores Samsung's history, including its expansion and growth strategies, and delves into key concepts such as the SECI model and process innovation. ...Read More

Running head: INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND
COMMUNICATION
INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT
AND COMMUNICATION
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note:

1INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND COMMUNICATION
Table of Contents
Activity 1.............................................................................................................................3
Introduction......................................................................................................................3
Discussion........................................................................................................................3
SECI model......................................................................................................................5
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................9
Recommendation.............................................................................................................9
References......................................................................................................................11
Activity 2...........................................................................................................................13
1.Introduction.................................................................................................................13
2. Background of Company...........................................................................................13
3. Organizational communication..................................................................................14
4. Communication in ADDAX: Organizational Structure............................................15
5. Communication Directive and Challenges................................................................16
5.1 SHANON and WEAVER Model........................................................................16
5.2 ARROW Communication Downward Communication Model...........................18
6. Mode of Communication...........................................................................................18
7. SWOT Analysis of Communication Skill in ADDAX..............................................19
8. Key communication challenges in ADDAX and its impact......................................19
9. Cross culture Internal communication in ADDAX (LEWIS and QUIRKS Model). 20
10. Recommendation: Communication Strategy for ADDAX......................................20
11. Conclusion...............................................................................................................21
12. References................................................................................................................22
Activity 3...........................................................................................................................25

2INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND COMMUNICATION
Activity 1
Introduction
Samsung is also known by name three stars in Korea, it was founded in the year 1938 by
Byung-Chull Lee (Rani et al., 2016). The organization divides its history in seven eras of
accomplishment. The main goal of the organization was to export a large number of products
which ranges from dried fish to vegetable to various zone of Asia. In the last few years, the
organization has expanded for the production of both flour and confectionary and also found its
manufacturing and operation of sales (Choong et al., 2014). During the period of 1970s, the
organization developed a number of growth strategies for the upcoming future. The organization
made huge amount of investment in both manufacturing process and raw materials. Samsung has
made certain number of advantages for this particular strategy which is required for increasing
the share.
In the coming pages of the report, an evaluation has been done with respect to
information for this case study that is Samsung. All the given information is mainly related to
various kind of knowledge management practices. Various model of knowledge management
frameworks has been applied to the given organization. The last section of the report mainly
deals with list of recommendation for Samsung.
Discussion
Samsung Electronics Corporation Ltd is considered to be a multinational organization
with its headquarters in Suwon (Bakator & Petrović, 2016). It is considered to be a flagship
organization of Samsung group. It is considered to be as one of the world largest information
technology organization in terms of revenue of 2011. It manufactures a range of products which
is inclusive of system, television and lastly computers. The ultimate aim of knowledge

3INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND COMMUNICATION
management is all about building knowledge management system but it all about improving
competitiveness in the organization (Julia & Rodrigues, 2016). It is mainly done by
capitalization of potential values of the given knowledge. There are large number studies which
are based in developing KMS instead of developing competitiveness. Process innovation based
KM strategy aims in providing proper chain of innovation.
Since the year 1990s, there are large number of Korea based organization which has
focused on different kind of management innovation practices. It is considered to be as one of
the main reason behind the failure of various innovation trails (Zhao et al., 2016). It is mainly
considered to be as one of proper search which is needed for establishing connection between
KM and practices of management innovative. There many criticize in the present trend of KM
research as a result of theme of knowledge management and PI which are not linked in a proper
way. BPR stands for business process re-engineering focus on providing good kind of human
resources for the knowledge management (Jung, 2014). BPR can be considered to be a well-
known methodology which can be used for improving the overall process efficiency. The study
mainly highlights the PI value from the viewpoint of KM. KM strategy is considered to be a part
of process knowledge which is mainly produced by the help of PI and its implementation
method. KM strategy is considered to be a socio-culture feature of this process knowledge.
Process knowledge is considered as a type of knowledge and information which is mainly
produced like an outcome of various innovative process (Manorek, Pangemanan & Rumokoy,
2016). The given values of process knowledge easily help in reducing the lead time, improving
the efficiency of management. Apart from this, it also helps in reducing lead time, reduction of
information, improving management efficiency. It is mainly done for looking into cost which is
needed for improving the competitiveness of the organization. Samsung is a well-known

4INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND COMMUNICATION
organization which has developed Process Innovation that is needed for building core
competency along with competitiveness.
As a global organization, Samsung is mainly looking for PI (Performance Improvement)
which is needed for creating core competency and competitiveness (Choi & Lee, 2016). In the
beginning days, the organization has been introducing and adopting new kind of solution by
making use of SAP (ERP package). It is considered to be innovative rather than own established
process and system.
People: People are ultimately considered to be holder of knowledge. The main goal is all
about encouraging them which is not only about proper kind of search for it. It is mainly
inclusive of large number of methods of improving it (Zhang et al., 2015). It is also used for
understanding the benefits of the sharing in the given organization like Samsung.
Technology: There is no kind of talk of shared knowledge which is mainly about having
proper kind of thinking with respect to use of given technology.
Processes: Various process should not be incorporated for some of the given tasks which
are broadly inclusive of certain number of procedure. It often does get enough amount of
importance.
SECI model
It is considered to be as a knowledge management method which is needed for creating
certain processes. It is needed for having an understanding the dynamic nature of knowledge-
based creation (Djatmiko & Pradana, 2016). It is mainly required for having a proper kind of
understanding which is needed for effectively managing a process. The SECI model comes up
with three basic model that are SECI, Ba and lastly knowledge assets. There three elements

5INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND COMMUNICATION
which tend to interact with each other in dynamic way. Knowledge is considered to be as one of
the biggest assets of the organization which are mobilized. It is mainly shared in both ‘Ba’ and
tacit knowledge which are held by individual. It is mainly converted and amplified by the help of
spiral knowledge by SECI (Manorek, 2016). This particular model emphasizes on the fact that
knowledge is mainly created by a spiral method of explicit between the explicit and given tactic
knowledge.
Fig 1: SECI Model
(Source: Djatmiko & Pradana, 2016))
As per the SECI model, there is mainly kind of model which are based on knowledge
creation method.

6INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND COMMUNICATION
Socialization: This particular method focuses on two things that are TACIT and its
knowledge linking in Samsung (Manorek, Pangemanan & Rumokoy, 2016). Tacit knowledge
can easily go beyond the given boundary and for this, some new knowledge is created by making
of method of interaction (Kim et al., 2016). It can be used for carrying out large number of
processes like analyzing, spending time which is there in the same given environment of
Samsung.
Externalization: A large number of concept is properly developed which has been
developed for tacit knowledge of Samsung (Zhao et al., 2016). The whole method focusses on
tacit of explicit linking of knowledge and the fact should be taken into account that knowledge
can be easily crystalized at the given point.
Combination: It is the combination of various elements of the given explicit knowledge
which is needed for building a prototype.
Internalization: In this stage, the explicit can be easily created by making use of
knowledge which is mainly shared across the given organization that is Samsung. At the instance
of knowledge sharing, the organization that is Samsung can easily innovate and learn from it.
BA is a well-known concept which can be easily utilized and created by the method of
interaction (Jung, 2014). Knowledge asset can be stated as some of the specific resources which
are indispensable in nature. It is mainly used in various phases like inputs and various kind of
moderating factors which is needed for knowledge creating process or method.
An organization model of Samsung is mainly used for describing 5 evolution stages in
which there is certain number of process that is required for proper management. There is mainly

7INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND COMMUNICATION
five model which are developed for software development in CMM. It is all about predictability,
effectiveness and lastly proper control over it.
Fig 2: Knowledge pyramid
(Source: Choi & Lee, 2016)
Level 1 – Initial / Ad-hoc (Chaotic): Process in stage are considered to be repeatable
which comes up with undocumented stage and lastly dynamic nature (Zhang et al., 2015). It can
easily correspond to the given information of Samsung in the given tacit form.
Level 2- Repeatable: Various process in this particular state is considered to be
repeatable with consistent result (Djatmiko & Pradana, 2016). There is large number of process
for understanding the level of discipline which can easily stick to.

8INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND COMMUNICATION
Level 3 – Defined: All the given process in this particular level are properly defined,
documented with each other (Kim et al., 2016). At this given process there is consistency of
performance which is mainly established in the given network of Samsung.
Level 4 – Managed: Various process in this given level are properly managed by
collection of data in the given quantity along with its quantity (Manorek, 2016). More
specifically, management can easily identify certain number of ways. Process capability is
mainly established by this particular method and at the given level.
Level 5 – Optimizing: It is considered to be a continuous method of improvement which
is mainly made by quantitative feedback along with piloting of new technologies and ideas.
Conclusion
From the above pages of the report, it can be easily stated that this report is all about
Korean organization that is Samsung. It can easily provide certain number of advantages which
are inimitable in nature from another kind of core organization. There is PI-based KM which can
easily become organization specific competency. It is mainly due to process knowledge which
comes up with proprietary knowledge of this organization. In the above pages of the report, three
important component of knowledge management that are process, people and lastly technology.
The last section of the report mainly deals with SECI model and knowledge pyramid for
analysis.
Recommendation
Korean organization that is Samsung is considered to be a global leader in both electronic
and organization. The organization is retaining its presence all over the world like a product or
service. In the mobile industry, it aims to grab the whole industry with smart phones and in this

9INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND COMMUNICATION
sector is it very much close to Apple. The supply management system of this organization is
considered to be one of the major factor for its competitive advantage. There is list of
recommendation for Samsung like:
 Gaining Competitive advantage through the help of vendor Specification.
 Opting for Tax Sanctuary like a Global Location.
 Making innovation for Tablet.
 Development of strategic communication.
 Loyalty by the help of Emotional Bonding.
 Improving Exclusiveness.

10INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND COMMUNICATION
References
Bakator, M., & Petrović, N. (2016). Correlation between marketing strategy, product quality and
promotion on the mobile devices market in Serbia. Journal of Engineering Management
and Competitiveness (JEMC), 6(2), 67-74.
Choi, D., & Lee, Y. (2016, August). Eavesdropping One-Time Tokens Over Magnetic Secure
Transmission in Samsung Pay. In WOOT.
Choong, C. L., Shim, M. B., Lee, B. S., Jeon, S., Ko, D. S., Kang, T. H., ... & Jeong, Y. J.
(2014). Highly stretchable resistive pressure sensors using a conductive elastomeric
composite on a micropyramid array. Advanced materials, 26(21), 3451-3458.
Djatmiko, T., & Pradana, R. (2016). Brand image and product price; Its impact for Samsung
smartphone purchasing decision. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 219, 221-
227.
Julia, S. A., & Rodrigues, P. (2016). Novel creative innovative patterns for architecture analysis
(CIPA). Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 9(30).
Jung, S. C. (2014). The analysis of strategic management of samsung electronics company
through the generic value chain model. International Journal of Software Engineering
and Its Applications, 8(12), 133-142.
Kim, J. Y., Park, S. H., Seo, H., Song, K. W., Yoon, S., & Chung, E. Y. (2016). Nand flash
memory with multiple page sizes for high-performance storage devices. IEEE
Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, 24(2), 764-768.

11INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND COMMUNICATION
Manorek, S. L. (2016). THE INFLUENCE OF BRAND IMAGE, ADVERTISING,
PERCEIVED PRICE TOWARD CONSUMER PURCHASE INTENTION (CASE
STUDY: SAMSUNG SMARTPHONE). JURNAL BERKALA ILMIAH
EFISIENSI, 16(1).
Manorek, S. L., Pangemanan, S. S., & Rumokoy, F. (2016). The Influence of Brand Image,
Advertising, Perceived Price toward Consumer Purchase Intention at Samsung
Smartphone. Jurnal EMBA: Jurnal Riset Ekonomi, Manajemen, Bisnis dan
Akuntansi, 3(4).
Rani, H. M. N. S., Zuber, F., Yusoof, M., Zamziba, M., & Toriry, S. (2016). Managing Cross-
Cultural Environment in Samsung Company: Strategy in Global Business. International
Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 6(11), 605-613.
Zhang, Q., Lu, X., Liu, J., & Zhao, L. (2015). Preparation and preliminary dialysis performance
research of polyvinylidene fluoride hollow fiber membranes. Membranes, 5(1), 120-135.
Zhao, L., Lu, X., Wu, C., & Zhang, Q. (2016). Flux enhancement in membrane distillation by
incorporating AC particles into PVDF polymer matrix. Journal of Membrane
Science, 500, 46-54.

12INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND COMMUNICATION
Activity 2
1.Introduction
Addax Petroleum Nigeria Limited started its operation in the year 1988. It is done by
signing of two production sharing of contracts (PSCs) and Nigeria National Petroleum
Corporation. In Nigeria, Addax Petroleum aims to produce assets which are inclusive of 11 field
complexes along with 80 production wells (Segun-Oki, Lawal & Filani, 2018). It is considered
as the leading international exploration of oil and gas organization. It mainly creates strategic
focus on various countries like Africa, Middle East and lastly Europe. It is true organization
which come up with assets and spanning team of four continents. Addax Petroleum focuses on
people and environment and list of business which is given in full compliance. It mainly comes
with proper regulation and proper kind of industry standard. It mainly tends to work in line with
goal of the given shareholder that is Sinopec Group (Bayowa et al., 2015). The organization
comes with internal and external strategy that focuses on increasing production. It can easily
optimize the oil recovery from the development fields. It focuses on new venture along with
proper opportunities which are done through strategic acquisition.
In the coming pages of the report, an idea has been provided regarding the background of
the organization. After that, both the aspect that is organizational communication and
organizational structure has been discussed in details. Two model that are Shannon and Weaver
model and arrow communication model has been discussed.
2. Background of Company
Addax Petroleum was established in the year 1994 and since the year 2009, it is
considered as the subsidiary of Sinopec Group (Nton & Rotimi, 2016). It is considered to be one

13INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND COMMUNICATION
of the largest producers in China. It has its biggest oil refiner in Asia and third in the world
platform. It is considered as the international gas and oil production along with organization
which focuses on various region of the world like Middle East, Africa and lastly North Sea.
Since the year 1994, the organization has become like the one of the largest producers in West
Africa. In the year 1987, Addax Petroleum was mainly founded which is considered to be a
portion of Addax and Oxy group of the organization (Nrior & Odokuma,2017). In 1989, AOG
has been marked as an ambitious programme which comes up with the aim of becoming a
vertically marked organization. It has ultimately led to the creation of Addax Petroleum in the
year 1994 with an organization known as Mac Lorenceau, which is considered to be a part of
AOG trading group. Addax Petroleum assets are mainly located in Nigeria, Gabon, and region of
Iraq. This particular organization is considered to be a combination of both oil and reserves for
gas. It mainly comes with 25 licensed block. There are mainly 15 explorations out of which 10
are undeveloped. Out of its total given blocks, 17 are considered to be offshore and 8 offshore in
nature (Jimoh, 2015). At present, the organization comes up with 326 employees. In the year
2008, the organization has reached a total asset of 3.762 billion dollars.
3. Organizational communication
Organization communication can be easily stated as certain methods or channel which is
used for communication. This type of communication is mainly used for communication among
the members of organization like corporation, small business or even nonprofit. Various studies
have found the fact that with the help of proper communication a strong relationship can be
established between the various level of organization like Addax. Organization communication
in Addax can be used for both formal and informal.

14INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND COMMUNICATION
Face to face: Technology cannot replace the various benefits of face to face
communication (Nrior & Odokuma, 2015). In Addax, communication mainly takes place
through Face to Face mode among the employees. At the time of doubt, a communication is
considered to be critical in nature and it is possible for face to face communication.
Email: Email has totally changed the way in which the organizational communication
tends to work. In addax, this mode of communication is used by both managers, executives and
other high level authorities. It is considered to be very much significant with any other kind of
technology induction over the last few years (Udok & Akpan, 2017). Email is taken to fast and
efficient which allows proper recording of the given interaction.
4. Communication in ADDAX: Organizational Structure
Organization Structure is considered to a system which is needed for properly defining
the hierarchy within the given organization. The organization structure of ADDAX Petroleum
Nigeria Limited helps in identifying each job, function and the place where it responds to
establish within the given organization (Ijaiya, 2015). This particular kind of structure has been
mainly developed so that the organization can easily achieve its goal for future growth.
Centralization: Although there is large number of structure developed for meeting the
requirement in Addax. It can easily provide proper kind of hierarchy which can easily report to
the given central location and executive groups (Okereke, 2016). The highest ranking members
of the organization chart of Addax is considered to be one for several executives. It is mainly
referred to as the president, CEO and lastly operating officer.
Expansion: If an organization like Addax expands, then its organization structure creates
a room for growth (Ugbudian, 2018). It is mainly inclusive of various additional layers for

15INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND COMMUNICATION
various aspect like management, division. It also focuses on expansion of one or several areas of
function. Apart from this, when this organization looks up for expansion, it can easily provide
proper kind of foundation for editing salaries for job description which is considered to be quick
and minimal disruption (Asikhia & Awolusi, 2015). It is mainly used for various kind of
operations.
Fig 3: Organizational Structure of Addax
(Source: Best, Manktelow & Taylor, 2014)
5. Communication Directive and Challenges
5.1 SHANON and WEAVER Model
In the year 1948, Shannon who is an American mathematician and Weaver is an
American scientist has developed this model of communication. This particular model has been
designed and developed so that effective communication can be maintained between sender and

16INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND COMMUNICATION
receiver in this organization that is Addax (McQuail & Windahl, 2015). Apart from this, various
kind of factors has been analyzed which can affect the whole method of communication that is
Noise. In the beginning, the model was mainly developed for improving the technical
communication but later on, it was applied to the field of communication. This particular mode
of communication can be used for improving the mode of communication in Addax. This
particular organization can easily make use of this five important section that is noise, sender,
encoder, decoder and receiver of this model.
Sender: It is considered to be message originator or information source selection of
desired message.
Encoder: It is the transmitter which converts or changes message into signal.
Decoder: This is the receiving place of the signal where the given signal is converted
into proper message so a reverse method of encoding comes into action.
Receiver: It is taken to be ultimate destination of the message from the sender.
Noise: The message is transferred from encoder to the coder by the channel (Best,
Manktelow & Taylor, 2014). During the time of working of the process, the given message can
easily change or attract by various kind of physical noise like thunder and lastly crowd noise.

17INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND COMMUNICATION
Fig 4: SHANON and WEAVER Model
(Source: Petersons & Khalimzoda, 2016)
5.2 ARROW Communication Downward Communication Model
Arrow communication in Addax organization focuses on achieving the point that
managers can easily communicate similarly to an arrow which is shot from the bow. If the aim of
the manager is right, then it will target and proper message will be communicated or transferred
(Cooren, 2015). The best and positive side of this narrow approach is that various managers can
easily work on the given tuning. It is all about making of use of message and make it easily more
comprehensible in nature (Nrior & Odokuma,2017). But there are some instances of negative
action also. One of the most suitable methods is to construct a message which does not come up
with any kind of cope for ambiguity. The second thing which should be taken consideration is
that the positive listener is mainly considered for this particular kind of approach which is
impractical in nature.

18INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND COMMUNICATION
6. Mode of Communication
Mode of
Communication
APPRAISAL
Video It can be considered to be one of the suitable modes of communication
with various employees (Jimoh, 2015). It is mainly separated by the
given distance.
Emails Email has totally changed the way organization communication
environment (Okoroma et al., 2015). It is mainly considered to be more
significant than any other type of technology. It has been introduced in
the last few years. Email is considered to be fast and efficient in nature
which allows a proper kind of record for interaction.
Face to face It is considered to be impossible for technology to replace the existing
benefit of face to face communication.
Telephone Telephone till now is an important mode of communication. With the
passage of time, the telephones are becoming a mobile variety (Nrior &
Odokuma, 2015).
Town Hall
Meetings
There are large number of opportunity for the employee of Addax to
come up for a meeting. It can be considered to be an effective mode of
organizational communication.

19INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND COMMUNICATION
7. SWOT Analysis of Communication Skill in ADDAX
SWOT analysis in communication is a well-known framework which is needed for
evaluation of the competitive position of Addax (Udok & Akpan, 2017). It is mainly processed
by analyzing four major parts that are strength, weakness, opportunities and lastly threat. SWOT
analysis in communication is a proper kind of model which is needed for analyzing the list of
things which can be done or cannot done by it. It helps in analyzing both the potential threats and
its opportunities.
Strength: Addax organization should measure the key strengths by analyzing the internal
asset of the organization. The key strength of communication in Addax are flexibility, clarity,
proper handling of scenario and lastly performing at Peak time.
Weakness: Internal weak communication point in Addax mainly highlights the major
area in the business. Addax petroleum comes up with limited knowledge regarding the upcoming
communication style.
Opportunities: The opportunities of Addax are considered to be a part of external part of
strength and can easily represent a large number of things. There are mainly ongoing innovation
and communication in this organization that is Addax.
Threats: It mainly highlights the various external issues or challenges which is
encountered by the organization that is Addax. The organization comes up with lack of
awareness regarding the regulation. The are many technology issues for proper communication
among the employees in Addax.

20INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND COMMUNICATION
8. Key communication challenges in ADDAX and its impact
Communication issues in ADDAX can easily have negative impact on the productivity
and working relationship (Ijaiya, 2015). If it is left unchecked, then the ongoing communication
can easily result in proper kind of profits. It can easily result in increase of the overall turnover
and various kind of mistake.
- Communication
challenge
- Its impact
- Communication
Failure
In the workplace of Addax, various kind of quick replies through
text and emails can be easily lost (Okereke, 2016). In many
cases, it can be overlooked or even misunderstood.
-
- Failure of Self-
Edit
Self-editing in Addax organization can be taken to be a suitable
way for both verbal and written form (Ugbudian, 2018). Failure
for any kind of consideration as a method of breakdown in
communication.
-
9. Cross culture Internal communication in ADDAX (LEWIS and QUIRKS Model)
link Theory and addax recommendation
strategy Addax Petroleum aims to create
value by proper exploration,
Addax should focus to improve its
business by re-investment and

21INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND COMMUNICATION
development and lastly
production of oil and natural gas.
strategic acquisition in various
countries of middle east.
leadership Quirks Model mainly highlighted
the importance of power,
performance and profitability for
any organization.
Addax should build team which come
up with highly experienced and multi-
award winning team members. The
organization should appoint
consultant who have partnership with
bigger organization.
Planning &
prioritization
As per QUIRKS, model Planning
and prioritization are considered
to be an important factor.
Addax should take steps so that it can
easily obtain daily report of their
production and progress.
Channel and
content
management
Customer experience is
considered to be an important
factor for any organization. As
per this model, product design
and its quality is considered to be
an important factor.
Overall the management of the
organization is mainly vested with
board of directors.
Communication
role
Organization communication can
be defined as certain number of
forms and channel for proper
communication among the
members of this Addax
Conflict among the employees of
Addax can easily lead to loss of
talented employees. Proper
management of conflict can easily
bring all the given parties together for

22INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND COMMUNICATION
corporation. understanding the differences.
Face to Face Technology cannot replace the
advantage and power of this face
to face communication.
Addax should focus on managing
conflict which is needed for
understanding the difference between
the employees in current environment.
Impact
measurement
Internal communication can
easily reinforce the mission of an
organization. Employees can
become more aware of role
which is needed for achieving the
success.
Addax should focus on different way
by which internal communicate can
improve. By the help of proper
internal communication, the overall
output of the organization can easily
increase.
Factor Theory Addax
language
concept of
authority of
Addax
Lewis Model is considered to as one of the latest
gains in the worldwide organization. Lewis has
taken the example of previous cross-culture in the
accumulation of multiplicity of dimension
(Asikhia & Awolusi, 2015). The linear active
group has been identified easily. It mainly comes
up English people world. While the reactive
group is located in the four major areas of Asia.
Multi-actives are mainly scattered in the various
Addax petroleum
organization can easily
make use of this model for
improving the
communication in their
organization.

23INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND COMMUNICATION
region like Southern Europe, Arab and other
regions of the countries.
10. Recommendation: Communication Strategy for ADDAX
A large number of step can be easily taken for dealing issues with communication in
Addax Petroleum Nigeria Limited.
Communication Stakeholders Communication
channel
Time frame Strategic application to
Addax
Communication
failure
Employees,
managers.
Email,
telephone
1 – 2 days A request should be
made clear along with
details and quick
response should be made
which is complete and
comprehensive in nature.
Self-edit failure Employees
and other
senior
executive
Telephone 1- 3
days
Before passing or
sending the content, it
needs to be checked for
spelling, validity and
lastly grammar. After
that tone of speech
should be checked so
that it is not

24INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND COMMUNICATION
misunderstood.
Being
unprepared
Employees
and
shateholders
Face to face 1-5 days One should be properly
organized and prepared.
If it is not, then the
individual need to admit
for more than one time.
It is mainly done so that
a proper idea should be
thrown to it.
11. Conclusion
From the above pages of the report, it can be easily stated Addax organization is an
international oil and gas exploration organization. The organization is mainly focused on some of
the regions of Africa and Middle East. In the above pages, two important model of
communication that is Shannon and Weaver model and arrow model of communication has been
discussed in details. After that a SWOT analysis of communication skill in Addax has been
discussed in brief. The last section of the report mainly deals with LEWIS and QUIRKES model
in cross-culture has been discussed in details.

25INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND COMMUNICATION
12. References
Asikhia, U. O., & Awolusi, D. O. (2015). Assessment of critical success factors of business
process re-engineering in the Nigerian oil and gas industry. South African Journal of
Business Management, 46(2), 1-14.
Bayowa, O. G., Mas’ud, Q. A., Lawal, A. W., & LO, A. (2015). Integration of Well Log
Analysis and 3-D Seismic in Reserve Estimation of Hydrocarbon Bearing Sands in Q-
Field, Niger-Delta Nigeria. Integration, 5(4).
Best, P., Manktelow, R., & Taylor, B. (2014). Online communication, social media and
adolescent wellbeing: A systematic narrative review. Children and Youth Services
Review, 41, 27-36.
Cooren, F. (2015). In medias res: Communication, existence, and materiality. Communication
research and practice, 1(4), 307-321.
Ijaiya, H. (2015). Legal and Institutional Framework for Achieving Sustainable Development in
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Activity 3
Theories and Concept on Knowledge Management
The two activities have helped me in gaining knowledge about various model like
Shannon and Weaver model, Arrow communication model and many other. After that I have
learned about LEWIS and QUIRKES model which has helped me in developing managerial
qualities. In the activity 1, I have learned about SECI Model and Knowledge pyramid has been
discussed. All the given models are considered to be essential for building managerial qualities
in an individual.
SECI model is used for creating a number of knowledge process which is required for
dynamic nature of knowledge creation. It is mainly needed for managing the given method in
much effective way. SECI model comes up with three basic parts that are SECI, Ba and lastly
knowledge assets. The given three model tend to interact with each of the given things in
orthogonal way. The knowledge asset of the given organization is properly shared in the ‘Ba’
and tacit knowledge through this model that is SECI. This particular model focus on the idea of
knowledge creation which is a spiral method between explicit and tacit knowledge. Tacit
knowledge is considered to something which is mainly falls on the given category of insight. It
deeply highlights the various kind of connected emotions and feelings of the given person.
Explicit knowledge can be stated as the method of codified knowledge which can be easily
formalized. According to these model, there are mainly four kind of knowledge creating process
like socialization, externalization, combination and lastly internalization.
I have also learned about capability maturity model which comes up with five stages.
This model mainly highlights certain number of process in the organization which needs to be

29INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND COMMUNICATION
properly managed. This particular model has been created for software development in the
organization. It can easily carry and absorb various kind of software applications. It comes up
with five level that is initial or Ad hoc, repeatable, defining, managing and lastly optimizing.
This particular model mainly highlights certain number of process within the organization. It can
be easily adapted to various knowledge processes. There are mainly five methods which are
considered to be analogue to the knowledge that can be easily think of evolution of knowledge in
the managerial field.
I have learned about Shannon Weaver Model which comprises of five things that are
Sender, encoder, channel, decoder, receiver and lastly noise. In this model, the sender encodes
the given message and transmit to the receiver with the help of technological channel like
telephone. After that, it is the duty of sender to convert the given message into codes which are
understandable for the machine. The given machine is transmitted in codes with the help of the
medium. The receiver of the message needs to decode the given message prior to its
understanding and interpretation. The channel comes up with choice which does not have any
kind of capacity for decoding which can cause huge issues in communication method.
Lewis model of communication focus on certain number of values of communication and
how it particular affect the behavior of an individual. It mainly affects the work life of any
individual. This particular model is applied to certain areas like presentation, leadership, trust
and team. It has been developed like a tool which can be easily applied. It is mainly done so that
employees can be more productive in nature. It is mainly done for multicultural situation instead
of pure method of analysis. Lewis model can be divided into three categories that are linear
actives, multi-actives and lastly reactions. Linear activist is culture which prefers to plan things.
They can easily bring value to the organization and logic which can prefer to do certain number

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of things at the single instance. Multi-actives are culture which tends to rather lively instead of
comfortable multi-tasking. Scheduling of the given task is considered to be less important for
this culture. Reactive is culture which mainly values on two things that are courtesy and respect.
They are considered as certain number of people who come up with value on keeping face.