A Detailed Research Report on SAP S/4HANA Finance, BAO6714, T3 2018

This report provides a comprehensive overview of SAP S/4HANA Finance, an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system designed to streamline business processes. It begins with a historical overview of SAP S/4HANA Finance, tracing its evolution and highlighting its key features. The report then contrasts SAP S/4HANA Finance with SAP ERP FICO, detailing the differences in functionality and capabilities. A significant portion of the report focuses on the benefits of SAP S/4HANA Finance for businesses, including improved processing speed, real-time data analysis, and enhanced user experience. The report incorporates case studies of companies that have implemented SAP S/4HANA Finance, examining the challenges they faced during migration and the strategies they employed to overcome these obstacles. The report concludes with a summary of the key findings and insights gained from the analysis.

Running Head: COMPUTERIZED ACCOUNTING IN ERP SYSTEMS
COMPUTERIZED ACCOUNTING IN ERP SYSTEMS
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Author Note:

1COMPUTARISED ACCOUNTING IN ERP SYSTEMS
Executive Summary
Evolving technology and digitization makes every process easy in life. Moreover, with evolution
of technology there are changes in business models and the traditional ways of doing a business
process. The introduction of new systems help in better collection and organization of data.
Better insights about the collected data can also be acquired to study the market trends and
customer behavior. ERP or Enterprise resource planning is an enterprise related software that
helps in managing the business processes. SAP ERP is a very famous and one of the most used
resource planning enterprise software across the globe and was developed by SAP SE, a German
company. This report will provide a detailed research and study of ERP systems along with SAP
S/4HANA Finance software. Some of the challenges or difficulties faced by organizations in
implementing the SAP S/4HANA Finance are as well deliberated through this report with
several case studies.

2COMPUTARISED ACCOUNTING IN ERP SYSTEMS
Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
Discussion........................................................................................................................................4
SAP S/4HANA Finance History.................................................................................................4
SAP ERP FICO............................................................................................................................4
Difference between SAP S/4HANA and SAP ERP FICO..........................................................5
Advantages of using SAP S/4HANA Finance.............................................................................6
Case Studies of companies and the issues they faced migrating to SAP S/4HANA Finance.....8
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................15

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Introduction
Advancement in technology also marks for the changes it brings with it. The huge data
flow over the internet is not useful until there is a proper way to collect and use it. Modernization
should be adapted by the organizations fast for better processing and evaluation of the
organizational data. Mainly, the aim of a business process is to accomplish a solid or fixed goal
by the stakeholders, through a number of steps (Hammer 2015). Business processes can be both
manual and automatic. Management of business process can be a huge challenge for most of the
organizations today. Business process management or BPM is a process for identifying and
improving the performance of an organization by means of various methods to automate the
business processes (Rosemann and vom Brocke 2015). If there is a lack of proper management
of these business processes then the organizations can face a lot of difficulties related to time
management, greater number of errors, data handling and might demoralize the employees. To
overcome these challenges, introduction of a proper and advanced system in the organization is
very important and for this reason ERP (Enterprise resource planning) applications comes into
action (Tarhini et al 2015).
ERP as stated earlier is a software to manage business processes efficiently and allows
organizations to automate many process (Hoch and Dulebohn 2013). The ERP includes
integration of various process like product planning, sales and marketing and also human
resource planning. The ERP software is a form of enterprise utility software that consist of
different modules which needs to be purchased individually (Seethamraju 2015). These modules
are used in some combination according to the requirements of the organization. The most
common ERP modules used by an organization are for product planning, controlling the

4COMPUTARISED ACCOUNTING IN ERP SYSTEMS
inventory and distribution of products, marketing and sales, finance management and HR
management (Hoch and Dulebohn 2013).
SAP ERP is a very popular ERP used across the world by many large scale organizations
(Sikka et al. 2013). The company that developed SAP ERP was a German company known as
SAP SE. In 2011, SAP HANA was launched that provided real time insights of the data. SAP
Business Suite launched by SAP, in 2013 was driven using SAP HANA that provided a single
platform for transactions and analytics (Brunel et al. 2015). Finally, in 2015 in the month of
February, SAP Business Suite 4 HANA (SAP S/4HANA) was introduced which is considered as
the most advanced ERP till date.
Discussion
SAP S/4HANA Finance History
SAP S/4HANA Finance is basically a financial application that is based upon SAP
S/4HANA ERP platform, previously recognized as SAP Simple Finance (Prassol 2015). The
interconnected array of financial management tasks deliver actual-time data and monitoring. The
SAP HANA platform is in existence ever since 2010. The programs developed by SAP like the
SAP ERP and SAP Business Suite used the database of SAP HANA to run. SAP S/4HANA
finance was brought into market in 2015, 3rd February at the New York Stock Exchange (Pedell
et al. 2017). There are two editions available in the market which are cloud and the other one on
premise. Sources reveal that by October 2015, the customer database of SAP S/4HANA was
1300 (May, Böhm and Lehner 2017).

5COMPUTARISED ACCOUNTING IN ERP SYSTEMS
SAP ERP FICO
The financial and cost controlling module in SAP ERP is commonly known as SAP
FICO (Maier, Laumer and Weinert 2015). The FICO comprises of mainly two parts, where FI is
for Financial Accounting and CO means Controlling. Recording all the financial transactions and
producing them at the end of trading period is the main objective of SAP FICO (Blount et al.
2016). This module is implemented and is very important for a wide number of organization.
This module can cover almost all the business processes that an organization can encounter and
thus is a very robust module (Heinzelmann 2017).
Difference between SAP S/4HANA and SAP ERP FICO
SAP S/4HANA Finance SAP ERP FICO
1. Former name for SAP S/4HANA
Finance was SAP Simple Finance and the
term is no longer an official term. The part
of S/4 HANA suite that deals specifically
with Financial Management and their
solutions is well-known as SAP S/4HANA
Finance (Rudolf et al. 2013).
2. SAP S/4HANA enable a common view
of the financial data and this data is
consistent throughout the organization and
SAP S/4HANA minimizes reconciliation
efforts (Maheshwari 2017).
1. SAP FICO is basically a component of SAP
ERP that deals with Finance and Cost controlling
functions (Dhungana 2013). Here, FI stands for
Financial Accounting, CO stands for Controlling.
It is one of the most applied modules with SAP.
2. SAP FI is made up of sub modules and the
most common sub modules that are used are
account payables, general ledger accounting,
bank accounting, asset accounting and account
receivables (Gaikwad and Bharathi 2018).
Everything is interlinked and integrated in real
time.

6COMPUTARISED ACCOUNTING IN ERP SYSTEMS
3. SAP S/4HANA provides a universal
journal for financial or controlling of the
data.
4. Provides central finance in order to
develop several back end data sources.
5. The Financial add-ons used with SAP
business suite powered by SAP HANA are
SAP accounting, SAP Cash Management,
SAP Integrated Business Planning used for
finance (Lee et al. 2013).
3. FICO is a part of SAP ERP so it also provides
a universal journal feature.
4. This is a module and does not provide central
finance to combine multiple back end data
sources.
5. SAP FI consultants are responsible for the
implementation of Financial Accounting with the
Cost accounting using SAP ERP financials
(Perovic et al. 2013).
Advantages of using SAP S/4HANA Finance
Main benefit of SAP S/4HANA Finance is that, the processing pace is extremely smooth
plus fast. This processing ability is linked with other features used for countless financial
functions, for example accounting of finance and controlling (Eilers 2016). S/4HANA allows
quicker settlement of finance processes like the quarterly conclusion it also provides one single
source of financial truth and transparency designed for an institute, according to SAP.
Another benefit from using SAP S/4HANA, it empowers the organization to use actual-
time data and analysis that helps in modeling and predicting the impact of changes the
organization may want to work upon (Plattner and Leukert 2015). Few examples for that are
acquisitions, enabling financial professionals that play a crucial role in business decisions. The

7COMPUTARISED ACCOUNTING IN ERP SYSTEMS
implementation of SAP S/4HANA Finance could be done in the cloud, or on premise, or it could
be implemented in a hybrid environment. Implementation of SAP S/4HANA Finance can be
applied as standalone or bundled together (Missbach et al. 2016).
SAP S/4HANA Finance offers a consolidated sight aimed at the entire operation along
with finance related statistics in turn that offers flexible and easily consumable reporting and
provides automation of process. It also provides great user experience because of the Fiori 2.0
and enables the users with ease of access to the overview page, work list and list report (Gül
2017). The design of the UI is made to deliver highly personalized, with great responsiveness yet
very simple user access. The UI offers the users to ask a question and get the required details,
regardless of the device and deployment (Mathew 2015). This will help the organization to drive
revenues and new customer database and the organization can connect to their customer at higher
level. SAP S/4HANA Finance also allows access into IoT and Big Data which can in turn
provide deeper insights of the customer data and by means of real time analysis the decision
making process will be much more efficient (Missbach et al. 2016).
It provides a comprehensive batch of financial accounting as well as management
solution and helps in the extended process for the study of the finance and the planning along
with the risks for the enterprise also in the management. SAP S/4HANA also includes financial
risk management and accounting (Nica et al. 2017).
SAP S/4HANA facilitate centralization of hardware together with network resources.
Using this software economic planning process and reasoning can be boosted, the planning cycle
plus the profit also increases. Planning process will be easy and real time using SAP ERP
(Akhtar 2016). Optimization of SAP BusinessObjects Planning and Consolidation (SAP BPC)
helps in data accumulation without the issue of data replication.

8COMPUTARISED ACCOUNTING IN ERP SYSTEMS
In case of accounting the organization can close a book faster and minimize cost and
workloads. SAP S/4HANA Finance provides businesses the power to maintain only one
universal journal for the accounting (Burns 2018). Redundancy in data is reduced and provides
parallel processing and evaluation.
The financial risk management function as also mentioned earlier can help in accurate
forecasting of cash flows along with evaluation related to risks and management regarding
liquidity. SAP Cash management offers real time global cash position (Fanning 2015). Detailed
analysis and prediction of cash flow are offered by SAP S/4HANA Finance that will support an
organization in achieving greater levels of flexibility regarding cash needs. Fraud management
provides a deeper insights to detect and investigate fraud cases (Varma and Khan 2014). SAP
uses complex and advanced algorithms on the Big Data to identify and forecast fraud behaviors,
gives alerts for the identified fraud behavior and blocks those fraudulent transactions. One very
big advantage of using SAP S/4HANA Finance is the updates remain optional so a user have a
choice to upgrade or not and access the data even without upgrading.
Case Studies of companies and the issues they faced migrating to SAP S/4HANA
Finance
Case Study 1:
This case study is about a company called Bluefin a Mindtree company. This case study
will review the pros and cons of implementing SAP S/4HANA in the Bluefin a Mindtree
company. There are mainly three types of migration that can be implemented in an organization
namely Brownfield, Greenfield and Hybrid. The right migration path can be evaluated by the
current landscape of the organization and technical requirements. Bluefin mentioned that moving

9COMPUTARISED ACCOUNTING IN ERP SYSTEMS
to the latest version of SAP ERP is not like any other normal upgrade of the enterprise system
but with the new database, the new user experience and the latest technology, adoption of
S/4HANA is a full system conversion. The migration processes that are available has their pros
and cons. Brownfield migration path enables an organization already on an older version of SAP
ERP to transform their data which includes master data and transactional data and migrate them
to the new version. Greenfield migration is meant for the new companies who are new to SAP
ERP and wants to change their old traditional ERP. In Greenfield migration most of the master
data is converted but most of the transactional data will be discarded. However, Bluefin
recommends a Hybrid migration as that will provide a lot of flexibility and there is less chances
of data loss. The idea is that, instead of migrating the whole system, a new environment should
be implemented gradually, using this migration path the master data will get converted first and
there will be a gradual transfer of the transactional data to the new system.
The advantages of Greenfield migration are:
 The new customers are smaller and have a smaller scope.
 As the scope is small so the projects are also short and this means quicker returns on
investments.
 Process transformation is easy.
Disadvantages of Greenfield migration are:
 As the organization will implement new SAP ERP in their system the workforce will
need proper education to use the ERP.
 An evaluation of the current architecture of the organization is needed so as to determine
if they need to implement the software or not.

10COMPUTARISED ACCOUNTING IN ERP SYSTEMS
Advantages of Brownfield migration are:
 The workforce need no education as the organization is upgrading to a new version only
and the workforce is already aware of the SAP language and objects.
 The architecture needs no evaluation.
 The new upgraded version will provide a better user interface.
Disadvantages of Brownfield migration are:
 S/4HANA does not cover every industry specific functions or features.
 The downtime for the up gradation process will impact the business process and
operations.
 There will be an impact on the pre configuration and the customization of the software.
The Bluefin experts have identified the important criteria for the S/4HANA conversion.
These criteria include start release, technical prerequisites, the different edition option and
business care.
Start release: If the current organization is not using the SAP ERP then the only option is
Greenfield migration. If the enterprise is already using an ERP provided by SAP then the process
would be Brownfield as the system will be upgraded only.
Technical prerequisites: The migration into SAP HANA database requires one Unicode
encoding system. Assuming that the enterprise system is not Unicode compliant then there is a
need for Unicode conversion procedure for the organization in order to migrate using brownfield
path. In addition to that, the SAP platform will require HANA database, Release 6 and
Enhancement Package 7 or higher. If these criteria are not met then there is an alternative one
step conversion to brownfield system.

11COMPUTARISED ACCOUNTING IN ERP SYSTEMS
Edition option: After the evaluation of the architecture of the institute, edition of SAP
S/4HANA is selected. There are mainly two versions, one is the on premise version and the other
is cloud version. On premise version has a traditional licensing method on the contrary the cloud
version has a subscription type of licencing. In the on premise version the customer has a full
control on the speed of innovation and changes that are taking place within the system.
Moreover, the cloud version provides the cloud customers the access to participate on quarterly
innovation upgrades. The implementation of cloud version is much easier than the on premise
version because it comes with pre-defined configuration which needs limited specialization. On
premise require an individual with high understanding of the system for customization. Both the
versions include all SAP S/4HANA applications. The S/4HANA on premise version can be used
in a brownfield migration path and SAP S/4HANA cloud edition may only stand true in a
Greenfield migration.
Business case: For the conversion to S/4HANA, there are multiple criteria that should be
considered, firstly the data migration, the unique customization code of the organization will be
hampered, there are architectural complexity, the implementation of S/4HANA will change the
business model, and there should be an effort for the conversion of the system.
In conclusion, the Bluefin suggests a hybrid approach of conversion which convert the
code of the company or the modules or the system gradually in parts. This scenario will make the
whole process more manageable but it will require more time as the process will be executed in
parts and might require a temporary setup of the parallel landscape.
Case study 2:

12COMPUTARISED ACCOUNTING IN ERP SYSTEMS
Cement Manufacturer is a division of an international building material business
company which manufactures and supply a wide variety of products in the construction industry.
The company until the end of 2017 was not producing cement as a part of the portfolio they
followed in the USA. Cement Manufacturer Company brought a cement plant from one of their
competitors who were running SAP ECC. The company had no past SAP implementation in
other lines of their business so they decided to implement SAP S/4HANA using Greenfield
migration path.
The scope for this implementation were many. There would be a full implementation of
SAP S/4HANA in the system along with all functionality. The concerning areas of
implementation would be FI, CO, PP, MM, WM, PM, MGD, GRC and HR. The introduction of
this new system will break or fix the support of the company. There would be a functional and
technical support and introduction of an advisory service.
The outcomes of the implementation were:
 Simultaneous development of multiple objects.
 Cost effective model for delivering the services were created.
 During critical parts of the project the developers were available.
 Efficient property management and management analysis.
Case Study 3:
Chemicals Manufacturer – Ascensus Specialties, LLC is a leading manufacturer of
special chemical and have their headquarters in Elma, WA. They participate in two markets, one
the manufacturing of pharmaceutical drugs and the other is processing of pulp and paper. Their
main product is sodium borohydride and used in the pharmaceutical industry as an reducing

13COMPUTARISED ACCOUNTING IN ERP SYSTEMS
agent and in the pulp and paper processing industry as a bleaching agent for the preparation of
end paper products. In 2015, Wind Point purchased Ascensus Specialties. The Ascensus
Specialties is now a standalone company under Wind Point.
The Wind Point could not provide any support to the system of Ascensus because of the
end to end technology. There would be a disruption in the business process, vendor relation,
supply chain rhythm and other aspects of the organization. For this reason, the SAP S/4HANA
and SAP IBP were implemented on Ascensus’ distribution centers and the manufacturing facility
and in several warehouses.
The outcomes of this implementation are:
 Increased efficiency in business process and increased accuracy in forecast by using the
Integrated Business Planning.
 The elimination of previous customization was possible by the company.
 Now they can access real time data which will make the decision making process more
efficient.
 The cost of implementation was very less and the simplified integration of cloud version
was helpful.
 The cloud version provides faster in-memory database.
Case Study 4:
Australia’s La Trobe University took a step ahead to improve and achieve digital
transformation by moving all their on premise SAP applications to the cloud for simple operation
and to increase productivity and to enforce creative thinking. Technology provides great
advantages in the world of education. The La Trobe implemented the SAP software to impose

14COMPUTARISED ACCOUNTING IN ERP SYSTEMS
this technological advancement in the students and now they want further improvements and
moving to the cloud version is the first step. La Trobe was the first customer globally, to
implement SAP Simple Finance on SAP S/4HANA that went live after the launch of the
software in May 2015. The migration to cloud version resulted in faster financial process, real
time data access and swift decision making and the less busy works allow the staffs to focus on
the important tasks. In addition, modules of SAP Student Lifecycle Management application
were deployed by the university. An end-to-end vision about the student experience is offered by
this application.
The implementation of SAP Simple Finance increased the efficiency and helps to create
more time. The finance team can get deeper insights to increase the planning, prediction of future
improvement areas, analysis of the data and simulation of various process. The entire
architecture and the landscape of IT is also simplified by the application of SAP Simple Finance.
The implementation of the SAP system was not very difficult for La Trobe because they
migrated to the cloud version which is very easy to implement and follows a Greenfield
migration path.
Case Study 5:
North America’s Principal Supplier in railcars and freight cars and provides rail
administration services to a wide variety of industry. Railcar maintenance work shops has been
established by the company to provide regular maintenance and the refurbishment of the railcars
according to the AAR requirements. In the maintenance process the worn out parts are replaced
and the failed and defective parts are also replaced when required.

15COMPUTARISED ACCOUNTING IN ERP SYSTEMS
The rail car company owns over 50 repair facilities and work with other independent
repair and refurbishing shops. The company needs a comprehensive solution for the external and
internal unsuccessful reporting of material and warranty and inventory management. One of the
main problems the company faced was the purchase of the same parts over and over again and
which were already present in stock.
The introduction of SAP ECC provided total solution for the Material Management
(MM), Quality Management (QM), Plant Management (PM), Sales and Distribution (SD),
Financial Accounting and Controlling (FICO) and other solutions. Solutions like the real time
update of the warranty data and data self-service regarding queries and analytics of the data were
very helpful. The information and the status update of the inventory was also implemented using
SAP ERP. The integration of SAP ECC is an on premise integration process.
Implementation of the SAP ECC increased the volumes and decreased manual data entry.
The software implementation increased the revenue of the rail car company by decreasing the
repeated buying of parts which were already stocked and it increased the total efficiency of the
company.
Conclusion
The SAP ERP is a very advanced and useful technology that can be used by an
organization to escalate the total performance of the organizational system. SAP S/4HANA is the
latest version of SAP ERP and has a lot of functionality and has a simple and interactive UI
design for better interaction with the software. With evolving technology the business functions
also evolve and thus needs better analysis and performance. The implementation of ERP can
help the organization in better analysis and fast decision making. SAP S/4HANA is a business

16COMPUTARISED ACCOUNTING IN ERP SYSTEMS
program with modern functions and easy to use interface. It has real time data analysis which is
very helpful for the organizations in this competitive world. SAP S/4HANA can deal with big
data and provide in depth insights to identify the market trends and customer requirements. This
report explores the SAP S/4HANA software and discussion about that is also done through this
report. This report also provides information about SAP FICO which is a module in SAP ERP
software that deals with finance accounting and controlling. The conclusion can be made after
the case studies is that implementation of SAP S/4HANA Finance or any other application of
SAP ERP can differ from organization to organization. The implementation can be done in two
ways one is the Greenfield migration and the other is Brownfield migration. Both the migration
process has their pros and cons and the architecture of the organization should be analyzed
beforehand to understand where to implement these two migration process. There are surely
many advantages as well as difficulties of using and implementing SAP S/4HANA Finance but,
the advantages are more prominent and this software has a great impact on the overall
performance of the organization.

17COMPUTARISED ACCOUNTING IN ERP SYSTEMS
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