Case Study: Mental Health Condition of Tony and Schizophrenia

This report presents a comprehensive case study of Tony, who is diagnosed with schizophrenia. It begins with an overview of Tony's symptoms, including hallucinations, delusions, and distorted perceptions of reality, which led to the diagnosis. The report then explores the aetiology of schizophrenia, discussing genetic, neurobiological, psychological, and environmental factors that may contribute to the condition. The case study also details the three basic categories of symptoms: positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms, providing a detailed analysis of each. Finally, the report examines health promotion and recovery concepts, including early interventions, psychosocial interventions, and cognitive remediation strategies. The case study concludes by emphasizing the importance of early intervention and a comprehensive care plan in managing schizophrenia. The report references several books and journals to support its findings.

PROJECT - 1

Table of Contents
MENTAL HEATH CONDITION OF TONY.................................................................................3
Aetiology......................................................................................................................................3
Signs and Symptoms....................................................................................................................4
Health promotion and recovery concepts....................................................................................5
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................1

MENTAL HEATH CONDITION OF TONY
The current case illustrates the experience of Tony who has been experiencing some strange
things and has been developing certain unrealistic theories behind the experiences.
 The patient i.e. Tony has stated that an electronic rod has been inserted in him, and he
thinks he is a part of some scientific experiment of the government.
 He states that he has been hearing voices and what he is thinking is being clearly
interpreted by someone else.
 He stated that the dog of his neighbour, barking the middle of the might was the sign that
everything is not right, and he was being interfered and used as a medium of transmitting
some strange signals and data.
 He stated that people around him were behaving strangely, and he thought that people
around him were spying on him.
All the signs of patient above shows that he has been hallucinating, he is disillusioned, and he is
interpreting normal situations in an unrealistic manner. The factors above, helps in concluding
that the patient is suffering from schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is considered to be a serious
mental disorder where the patient i.e. the person interprets reality in an unrealistic manner and
develops hallucinations and disillusions regarding the normal circumstances and instances as
well (Singh and et.al., 2016). The daily circumstances, normal interaction etc. is not treated as
normal by them and they display tendencies depicting that they have lost touch with the reality.
Crisis Resolution team was also an additional factor in ascertaining that the patient was
not normal and was displaying the characteristics of a person who was extremely disillusioned
and had left his job becoming extremely reclusive. Crisis resolution team is called only when it is
believed that the patient is mentally not stable and upon examination by the nurse as well, it was
clear that there was no disturbance in the nor function of Tony, there were no abnormal mood
evidences and the patient i.e. Tony also did not show any incoherence or ambiguity in the speech
as well.
Aetiology
This psychiatric disorder of schizophrenia can be labelled as major mental disorder and there are
various causes and nature that can be associated with the physical causes, genetic or hereditary
causes, psychological causes and the environmental factors as well (Sekar and et.al., 2016).

The Genetic causes have been ascertained in Schizophrenia where it often tends to run into
entire family generations. There is no particular gene that is found to be responsible but yet this
disorder can be inherited and the chances depend on the proximity of connection with the person
with schizophrenia.
Brain development is also a cause where the people suffering from schizophrenia have been
found to have a slightly different brain structure as compared to the normal people. These
changes have found to occur in people with no mental illness previously as well.
Neurotransmitters i.e. the chemical carrying messages between the brain cells are also found to
be the reasons of schizophrenia where the drugs alter the chemical levels of the neurotransmitters
and can relieve certain schizophrenic symptoms (Alanen, 2018). Dopamine and serotonin are
found to be two major neurotransmitters whose alteration can lead to the development of
schizophrenia.
There are major stress factors such as loosing job or income source, loss of partner or divorce,
physical or sexual abuse and sometimes this enhancement in the stress levels leads to the patient
being categorized as a schizophrenic.
Certain drugs such as Cannabis, marijuana, cocaine, LSD can also lead to a mental disorder
causing drug induced schizophrenia
Signs and Symptoms
There are three basic categories of symptoms that a schizophrenic person can develop such as:
Positive Symptoms: This involves hallucinations, delusions, thinking disorders where the person
thinks unusually and movement disorders. These are termed to be those symptoms that are not
found in healthy or normal people.
Negative Symptoms: Under this, the normal behaviour of the person gets disrupted and they use
flat tones while talking, the feeling of pleasure gets reduced in everyday life, there is increased
difficulty in beginning and sustaining the activities and there is highly reduced speaking
(McCarthy-Jones and et.al., 2017).
Cognitive Symptoms: The cognitive symptoms are very subtle and the executive functioning of
the patient becomes poor i.e. he is not able to clearly understand how to understand information
and make decisions on their own, paying attention becomes difficult and the working memory
also reduces.

Health promotion and recovery concepts
Schizophrenia can be termed as life altering disease where the symptoms are too intense
and the consequences often leaves a person incoherent and confused about himself. Health
promotion tactics involve selection of certain aspects and then working on it so that the person
can try to lead a normal life. Development and application of early interventions can help in
meeting the schizophrenic symptoms such as making people aware about the stress factors,
increasing awareness and bursting public myths surrounding schizophrenia help in meeting the
health promotion that is necessary in meeting the schizophrenic problems.
There are different recovery systems as well that can be adopted such as rehabilitation or
psychosocial interventions that include drug treatments, supportive therapies and include psych
education, case management, sup[ported employment as the medium through which
interventions can be made applicable on the patients suffering from schizophrenia (van Os,
2016).
Cognitive remediation under which the impact of impairment arising due to cognitive factors is
addressed and a training is given to the patients where their cognitive processes is improved and
the factors such as their memory, retention, attention, recognition etc. are addressed and the
impact is implemented and monitored on the everyday functioning of the patient who are
suffering from schizophrenia.
Therefore, the discussion helps in concluding that the patient in the current case i.e. Tony was
suffering form the disease of schizophrenia and he was hallucinating about being monitored and
the tendencies of the patient help in concluding that the patient was at an advanced level
(Berkovitch and et.al., 2018). The regular implementation of the interventions and development
of a care plan can lead to the curing of Tony if they are implemented correctly.

REFERENCES
Books and journals
Alanen, Y. O. (2018). Schizophrenia: Its origins and need-adapted treatment. Routledge.
Berkovitch, L. and et.al (2018). Impaired conscious access and abnormal attentional
amplification in schizophrenia. NeuroImage: Clinical. 18. 835-848.
McCarthy-Jones, S. and et.al., (2017). Occurrence and co-occurrence of hallucinations by
modality in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Psychiatry research. 252. 154-160.
Sekar, A. and et.al., (2016). Schizophrenia risk from complex variation of complement
component 4. Nature. 530(7589). 177.
Singh, T. and et.al., (2016). Rare loss-of-function variants in SETD1A are associated with
schizophrenia and developmental disorders. Nature neuroscience. 19(4). 571.
van Os, J. (2016). “Schizophrenia” does not exist. Bmj. 352. i375.
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