Evaluation of School-Based Relationships and Sex Education in UK

This report provides an evaluation assessment of school-based relationships and sex education in the United Kingdom. It explores the intervention description, research questions, research design, and rationale, along with measures and research methods. The report investigates the rising rates of teenage pregnancies, the importance of sex education in UK schools, and the prevalence of dating violence among young individuals. It utilizes a qualitative research design, including literature reviews and surveys, to analyze these issues. The assessment highlights the need for comprehensive sex education programs to address social concerns and promote the mental health of teenage students. It emphasizes the role of public health research in creating awareness and strengthening links between schools and sexual health services. The report concludes with a discussion on future evaluation and the potential benefits of providing school-based relationships and sex education in the UK.

Evaluation Assessment

Table of Contents
Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
Intervention description...........................................................................................................1
Research questions....................................................................................................................2
Research design and rationale.................................................................................................3
Measures....................................................................................................................................4
Research methods.....................................................................................................................5
Future evaluation.........................................................................................................................6
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
Evaluation uses various methods and measures for judging learning of students as well as
understanding of material for purpose of grading or reporting. Evaluation is said to be a feedback
from instructor to learn about its learning. As assessment refers to a feedback from learner to
instructor about its learning. Program evaluation provides faculty as well as staff an opportunity
to have data-driven discussion on certain topic, learner as well as faculty requirements along
with its educational result and impact (Hale, 2018). Assessment is said to be type of program
evaluation activity which is focus on determining learning outcome as well as curricular
enhancement. Both assessment as well as evaluation could reveal program strengths as well as
potential limitations along with recommended enhancements. This report is based on evaluation
assessment of United Kingdom which includes topic of school based relationship and sex
education. This report includes intervention description, research question, research design and
rationale, measures, research methods, future evaluation along with it conclusion.
MAIN BODY
Intervention description
As today's children as well as young individuals are going up in a rising complex world
along with living their life seamlessly on and offline. it presents various positive as well as
exciting opportunities but also challenges and risks. For the surrounding children as well as
young individual requires to know about how to be safe as well as healthy, personal as well as
social life in a positive way. And for that school based relationship education is made
compulsory in all primary schools United Kingdom and relationships as when as sex education
are made essential and necessary in all secondary schools for making health education essential
in state funded Schools (Reynolds, McCauley and Tsacoumis, 2018). As what teenage girls in
United Kingdom are getting pregnant because they are weakly prepared for life in a modern as
well as a sexualized society. As it rates of teenage pregnancy in United Kingdom is generally
high. As dating and relationship violence leads to threats, emotional abuse, coercion, controlling
behaviour, physical violence and so on that are perpetrated true present or former casual. As
United Kingdom is facing various challenges of sex education for their young generation and as
a result there are issues which are raised in country. So there is a need of School based
relationship as well as sex education so that concerns of teenage pregnancies, sexual infection in
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young age as well as prevalence updating as well as relationship violence in young people could
be solved. As being a public health researcher, evaluation is carried for strengthening links
among schools as well as sexual health services. And for that various intervention is carried
through carrying various awareness programmes in secondary schools that provides help in
creating effective mental health building of teenage students so that they will not take any steps
that impact their mental health. Along with that different campaigns could also started in United
Kingdom in providing understanding of sexual health services.
Research questions
 Explain reason behind rising rate of teenage pregnancies in UK.
 Explain importance of having School based relationships and sex education in UK
schools.
 Explain prevalence of dating as well as relationship violence among young individuals.
Literature review:
Literature review is said to be a survey of various sources like journal, articles and books
data related to a particular subject or research questions. It is generally carried on part of
hypothesis, evaluation as well as research paper for carrying out and having knowledge on
existing information (Mullis and Martin, 2019). It is said to be a narrative review which is
scholarly paper which presents current knowledge and includes theoretical as well as
methodological contributions for accessing a specific topic which is concern of requirement of
providing School based relationships and sex education.
 Explain reason behind rising rate of teenage pregnancies in UK.
As per the viewpoint of Shobha Suri, 2020, Due to breaking of intergenerational cycle of
undernutrition is said to be key pillars for eliminating malnutrition in various countries. As
teenage pregnancies are said to be most controversial issues which is faced by United Kingdom.
United kingdom's number is said to be highest in numbers. This challenge in United Kingdom is
not seem to be general as it is regarded as most urgent social problem in modern society. there
are various political parties as well as governmental institutions that have intended to tackle
problems by various political parties as well as governmental institutions that have intended to
handle problem by different campaigns along with in private school’s various campaign
programs are being carried in secondary schools for providing School based relationships as well
as sex station for making them aware about these issues (De Wet, Amoo and Odimegwu, 2018).
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It has been determined that there is lack of knowledge about sex education in young generation
that leads to have teenage pregnancies in United Kingdom. As social concerns are required to be
solved by providing knowledge to students so that they will be aware.
 Explain importance of having School based relationships and sex education in UK
schools.
As per the viewpoint of Becky Hunsberger, 2020, As students believe that their teachers
know as well as cares for them as individuals. From this it has been evaluated that it is required
to provide School based relationships and sex education in in UK schools as it helps in in having
awareness about social concerns. By carrying out this programs students will be able to get
knowledge about this social concerns which are to be solved in order to maintain and healthy
environment in society. With social programs which are carried in in secondary schools of UK
helps their teenage generation to build their mental health so that rates of teenage pregnancies
could be e reduced in country (Njogu, 2019). As this social issues are required to be concern for
having and health and welfare environment in country.
 Explain prevalence of dating as well as relationship violence among young individuals.
As per the viewpoint of Heidi Stock and et. al., 2021, As reported incidents of teenage dating
simply varies in having violence that significantly across studies that could be considered as a
serious issue in United Kingdom. Various traits of prevalence could be result in differences in
methodology of carrying these concerns. According to survey there are approximately 10% of
teenage generation in country e are said to be a victim of physical violence through their dating
partners. as individuals were assessed to examined most off teenage individuals are experiencing
with traumatic events in their life Times that leads to have stressful life. This concerns at
providing harm on mental health of teenage young people by carrying up violence from there
dating partners (Sklar and Berkov, 2018). It is necessary to have awareness about these concerns
in United Kingdom so that these cases are to be reduced in rates. By carrying up School based
relationships and sex education programs in in secondary schools helps young generation to get
aware about this concerns.
Research design and rationale
 Research design:
As research design is said to be a framework of research methodologies as well as
techniques which are selected by evaluator assessor. Research design allows evaluators to carry
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on research methods which are suitable for studying specific topic that leads to have proper
information and analysis. Research design could be referred in two types that consists of
quantitative research as well as qualitative research design. In quantitative research design
statistics on numbers are implemented for carrying out research and in qualitative research
design meanings as well as words are used for carrying up research on topic. This study of report
uses qualitative research design as a method that enables investigator to test its hypothesis to a
systematic evaluation of surveys through literature review and studying on topic (Molla-Esparza,
López-González and Losilla, 2020). Research design also enables researcher for gathering
various information through finding out various information and conclusion on topic of school
based relationship and sex education in schools of UK. As by using qualitative research design of
this evaluation assessment, researcher will analyse various theoretical frameworks to determine
reasons which are behind rising rates of teenage pregnancies in United Kingdom. From that it
has been identified that there is lack of sex education among young generation which is required
to be provided in secondary schools of country. Along with by carrying out literature review of
prevalence of dating as well as relationship violence assessor will be able to carry evaluation
effectively. Along with that quantitative research is also being used in this evaluation by assessor
through carrying up surveys and theoretical knowledge along with numerical data.
 Rationale:
This evaluation assessment it is based on topic “Importance of providing School based
relationships and sex education in UK”. Major reason behind carrying out this evaluation
assessment is that it helps in understanding reason behind importance of providing School base
relationships and sex education in schools of United Kingdom. Apart from this evaluation
assessment helps researcher in determine meaning requirement it of providing sex education in
secondary schools of UK. It also helps in in assessing reason behind rising rates of teenage
pregnancies in UK along with prevalence of dating as well as relationship violence in young
generation (Gezgin, Cakir and Yildirim, 2018). This evaluation assessment will prove to be very
effective for United Kingdom in evaluating requirement of providing sex education in secondary
schools to young students. As this evaluation which is carried on topic of relevance and
requirements of providing school based relationships and sex education in schools that is
justifiable which has become important as well as difficult for country. As this evaluation leads
to enhancement in knowledge and mental health of teenage individuals. There is an emphasize
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on providing various social awareness programmes which is viable for evaluator and could lead
in building effective mental health along with understanding of knowledge. As by carrying up
this evaluation assessment project it provides different various benefits in providing knowledge
in terms of societal issues and concerns. As being a public health researcher by performing
assessment and carrying about health awareness campaigns helps in building mental awareness
in terms of different societal concerns in young generation of United Kingdom. Major motive of
performing this evaluation assessment is creating awareness about society’s issues of sexual
harassment and their inability in minds of teenage individuals. With this research teenage
students will be able to get knowledge of sex education and benefits of providing school based
relationships for eradicating social concerns.
Measures
Research measures are said to be e elements in a research study that researcher responds to
that. Research measures consist of interview questions, constructed situations as well as survey
questions. For evaluation and assessment when construction interviews as well as services are
taken it is important that questions and research are to be directly related with research questions.
It is essential that service as well as interviews are not time consuming. As measurement scale is
used to quantify or qualify data variables in statistics. it identifies kinds of techniques which are
to be implemented in statistical analysis. Various research measures are nominal scale, interval
scale, ratio scale as well as ordinal scale (Walsh Zwi, Woolfenden and Shlonsky, 2018). This
research measures are used to determine quantitative and qualitative data. For carrying out this
location assessment nominal as well as ordinal scale measures are used in assessment for
determining relevance of providing school-based relationships as well as sex education in
secondary schools of United Kingdom. As a nominal scale measure there is labelling of variables
and information that could be classified for carrying out qualitative method and ordinal scale
variable measurement it is carried for evaluation assessment for simplifying depicting order of
variables and information through surveys.
Research methods
Research methodology is referred as a specific process as well as technique which is used to
determine process as well as analysing information about a specific topic or a subject. It allows
evaluator to critically evaluate analysis and study of a certain topic (Fredrick and Demaray,
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2018). As for carrying out this evaluation assessment research methodology which is used by
evaluator are as follows:
 Research philosophy: It is said to be an area which deals through source, development it
as well as nature of knowledge. As research philosophies are used in research which
consists of positivism, realism, pragmatism as well as interpretivism. For carrying out
this evaluation assessment positivism is being implemented in assessment it is based on
qualitative method and recognising which information is accurate in carrying out
evaluation.
 Research approach: It is referred as a process as well as planned that consists of step of
wide as emissions for detailed approaches of collection or analysis of information. There
are generally two approaches which are implemented in carrying out evaluation
assessment which is inductive as well as deductive approach. Inductive approach is
associated in developing off theory as well as deductive approach is based on analysing
an existing theory (Molla-Esparza, López-González and Losilla, 2020). For carrying out
this evaluation and assessment effectively e detective research approach is used as it
motives in analysing present theories and information of United Kingdom situation.
Along with that by using this approach it makes it possible for evaluator to measure
various service and rates in quantitative base also.
 Research strategy: It is said to be a plan which is used for carrying out a particular
evaluation assessment (Fredrick and Demaray, 2018). There are various types of research
strategies which consist of action oriented research, quantitative survey, qualitative
interview, case study as well as literature review. Between all these of research strategy
literature review is being carried by evaluator for carrying out is assessment. There is
certain concept of questions which are described and answer through performing
literature review valid judgements could be identified.
 Data collection method: It is referred as a method by which evaluator collect
information. There are basically two methods by which data as well as information could
be collected. It basically consists of primary method and secondary collection method.
Primary data collection method is associated in in collecting fresh information that will
be collected for first time as well as secondary data collection method is associated with
collection method in which data is already collected before (Gezgin, Cakir and Yildirim,
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2018). For carrying out this evaluation assessment secondary data collection method is
used by carrying out and analysing journals published previously, books as well as
articles along with its literature review as well.
 Sampling: It is defined as a process which is used by the evaluator of assessment for
choosing sample from population. As it could be carried by implementing probability as
well as non-probability sampling method. For carrying out this evaluation and assessment
effectively population in age group between 15 to 29 years’ teenage generation of United
Kingdom is being selected for carrying evaluation and assessment effectively.
Future evaluation
As for having future evaluation if this evaluation assessment will be recommended for
carrying on new relationship as well as carrying out sex education program there are various
types of research design that could be recommended for carrying out for future evaluation that
could be used. As research design is said to be a framework of research method as well as
techniques which are selected by evaluator. As design of research subject explains about type of
research which is experimental correlational as well as survey. As for carrying out further
evaluation assessment research design could be recommended for having literature as well as
experimental sources of information for having assessment of new relationships as well as sex
education program. As by using this research design it will help evaluator for carrying out
assessment effectively from various sources of information through journals and articles (Walsh
Zwi, Woolfenden and Shlonsky, 2018). Research design is recommended for having future
evaluation as it provides information and relevance of new relationships as well as sex education
on effective basis. By carrying out prescriptive and literature research design it provides relevant
as well as accurate information to evaluator for carrying out evaluation assessment.
CONCLUSION
From above report it could be concluded that evaluation and assessment programs are
carried by to evaluate about a certain topic. This report briefly explains about school based
relationships and sex education in United Kingdom. There is explanation of intervention
description that states about concerns of rates of teenage pregnancies along with prevalence of
dating and relationship violence in young individuals. There is explanation of research questions
along with its research design as well as rational of carrying this evaluation and assessment
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project. There are certain measures which are explain along with research methods for carrying
out concerns of school with relationships and sex education. There is an expression of future
evaluation that country undertakes for meeting that concerns.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
De Wet, N., Amoo, E.O. and Odimegwu, C.O., 2018. Teenage pregnancy in South Africa:
Where are the young men involved?. South African Journal of Child Health, 2018(1),
pp.s44-s50.
Fredrick, S.S. and Demaray, M.K., 2018. Peer victimization and suicidal ideation: The role of
gender and depression in a school-based sample. Journal of school psychology, 67,
pp.1-15.
Gezgin, D.M., Cakir, O. and Yildirim, S., 2018. The Relationship between Levels of
Nomophobia Prevalence and Internet Addiction among High School Students: The
Factors Influencing Nomophobia. International Journal of Research in Education and
Science .4 (1). pp.215-225.
Hale, C.D., 2018. The assessment center handbook for police and fire personnel. Charles C
Thomas Publisher.
Molla-Esparza, C., López-González, E. and Losilla, J.M., 2020. Sexting prevalence and socio-
demographic correlates in Spanish secondary school students. Sexuality Research and
Social Policy, pp.1-15.
Mullis, I.V. and Martin, M.O., 2019. PIRLS 2021 Assessment Frameworks. International
Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement. Herengracht 487,
Amsterdam, 1017 BT, The Netherlands.
Njogu, R.W., 2019. The Prevalence And Factors Associated With Teenage Pregnancy In Kenya;
A Cross-Sectional Survey (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi).
Reynolds, D.H., McCauley, C.D. and Tsacoumis, S., 2018. A critical evaluation of the state of
assessment and development for senior leaders. Industrial and Organizational
Psychology .11 (4). pp.630-652.
Sklar, J. and Berkov, B., 2018. 1. Teenage Family Formation in Postwar America (pp. 19-43).
University of Pennsylvania Press.
Walsh, K., Zwi, K., Woolfenden, S. and Shlonsky, A., 2018. School-based education programs
for the prevention of child sexual abuse: A Cochrane systematic review and meta-
analysis. Research on social work practice .28 (1). pp.33-55.
Online
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Suri, 2020, Rise in teenage pregnancies, poor maternal health hurdle to breaking
intergenerational cycle of undernutrition [Online] Available Through:<
https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/food/rise-in-teenage-pregnancies-poor-maternal-
health-hurdle-to-breaking-intergenerational-cycle-of-undernutrition-75353>
Hunsberger, 2020, The importance of healthy teacher student relationships [Online] Available
Through:< https://teachbeyond.org/news/2020/09/onpractice-the-importance-of-healthy-
teacher-student-relationships/>
Stock and et. al., 2021, Intimate partner violence among adolescents and young women:
prevalence and associated factors in nine countries: a cross-sectional study [Online]
Available Through:< https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-
2458-14-751>
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